SIST EN 50272-1:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 50272-1:2010
01-december-2010
Varnostne zahteve za sekundarne baterije in baterijske naprave - 1. del: Splošne
varnostne informacije
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 1: General
safety information
Sicherheitsanforderungen an Batterien und Batterieanlagen - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Sicherheitsinformationen
Règles de sécurité pour les batteries et les installations de batteries - Partie 1:
Information générale de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50272-1:2010
ICS:
29.220.20 .LVOLQVNLVHNXQGDUQLþOHQLLQ Acid secondary cells and
EDWHULMH batteries
SIST EN 50272-1:2010 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 50272-1:2010

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SIST EN 50272-1:2010

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 50272-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 13.260; 29.130.20


English version


Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations -
Part 1: General safety information



Règles de sécurité pour les batteries et Sicherheitsanforderungen an Batterien
les installations de batteries - und Batterieanlagen -
Partie 1: Information générale de sécurité Teil 1: Allgemeine
Sicherheitsinformationen





This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels


© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 50272-1:2010 E

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EN 50272-1:2010 - 2 -
Foreword

This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 21X, Secondary cells and
batteries. It was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50272-1 on
2010-10-01.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-10-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-10-01

__________

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Contents

1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 dĞƌŵƐĂŶĚdefinitions . 5
4 General Information . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Charge . 7
4.3 Discharge . 9
4.4 Superimposed AC current / ripple current . 9
5 Protection against electric shock . 10
6 Disconnection and separation . 10
7 Commissioning and putting batteries into operation . 10
7.1 Delivery conditions of batteries . 10
7.2 Electrolyte and topping up water (for vented / flooded type cells only) . 10
7.3 Commissioning . 10
8 Limit values and correction factors. 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Rated capacity and depth of discharge . 11
8.3 Charge current, charge voltage. 11
8.4 External short circuit . 11
8.5 Battery temperature . 12
9 Provisions against explosion hazards . 14
10 Provision against electrolyte hazards . 14
11 Marking, labeling and instructions . 14
12 Transport and storage . 14
13 Disposal and environmental aspects . 14
Bibliography . 16
Figures
Figure 1 - Battery / cycle operation mode of a battery (charge / discharge) . 8
Figure 2 - Response (switch) mode operation. 9
Figure 3 - Parallel operation mode (incl. standby and buffer operation mode) . 9
Figure 4 - Freezing point curve of sulphuric acid . 12
Figure 5 - Freezing point curve of potassium hydroxide solution . 13
Tables
Table 1 - Galvanic secondary elements (rechargeable batteries) . 7
Table 2 - Preferred fields of application of secondary battery design . 7
Table 3 - Permitted variation of single cell voltage during charging with constant voltage at 20 °C . 11
Table 4 - Operating temperatures . 12
Table 5 - Typical Temperature correction factor λλ of the single cell charging voltage . 13
λλ
U

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EN 50272-1:2010 - 4 -

1 Scope

This European Standard is Part 1 of EN 50272 under the generic title “Safety requirements for secondary
batteries and battery installations” with nominal voltages up to DC 1 500 V (low voltage directive) and
specifies the basic requirements referred to in the other parts of the standard as follows:

- Part 2 Stationary batteries
- Part 3 Traction batteries
- Part 4 Batteries for use in portable appliances

The requirements regarding safety, reliability, life expectancy, mechanical strength, cycle stability, internal
resistance, and battery temperature, are determined by various applications, and this, in turn, determines
the selection of the battery design and technology.

In general, the requirements and definitions are specified for lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries. For
other battery systems, the requirements may be applied accordingly.

The standard covers safety aspects taking into account hazards associated with:

• electricity (installation, charging, discharging, etc.);
• electrolyte;
• inflammable gas mixtures;
• storage and transportation.

With respect to electrical safety, reference is made to EN 60364-4-41.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 50272-2 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations -
Part 2: Stationary batteries
EN 50272-3 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations -
Part 3: Traction batteries
EN 50272-4 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations -
Part 4: Batteries for use in portable appliances
EN 60364-4-41 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 4: Protection for safety -
Chapter 41: Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41)
EN 61429:1996 Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling
+ A11:1998 symbol ISO 7000-1135 and indications regarding directives 93/86/EEC
and 91/157/EEC (IEC 61429:1995)
EN 62281 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during
transport (IEC 62281)
IEC 60050-482 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 482: Primary and
secondary cells and batteries
IEC 60993 series Electrolyte for vented nickel-cadmium cells

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 and the following
apply.


3.1
stationary battery / stationary battery installation
stationary batteries are installed in a fixed location and not generally intended to be moved from place to
place. They are permanently connected to both the load and the power supply and are incorporated into
stationary equipment or installed in battery rooms for use in telecom, uninterruptible power supply (UPS),
utility switching, emergency power or similar applications

3.2
traction battery
a secondary battery which is designed to provide the propulsion energy for electrical vehicles

3.3
cranking battery
cranking batteries are used for starting of internal combustion engines in stationary, railway or other
onboard applications

3.4
starter battery
starter batteries are primarily used as a power source for the starting of internal combustion engines, lighting
and also for auxiliary equipment of internal combustion engine vehicles

3.5
onboard battery
batteries used for power supply of a DC network onboard ships, rail vehicles or off-road vehicles without
authorization for public traffic

3.6
aircraft battery
batteries used in aircrafts and helicopters for starting auxiliary engine and powering DC network

3.7
portable battery
portable batteries are mainly used for power supply of portable appliances

NOTE  Batteries for portable equipment are usually maintenance-free.

3.8
battery room
room in a building dedicated for the accommodation of stationary batteries

3.9
battery enclosure
enclosure designed for the accommodation of batteries to protect against environmental impacts,
unauthorised access of persons and hazards caused by the batteries

3.9.1
battery cabinet
enclosure equipped with lockable or non-lockable doors for servicing the battery. The cabinet can be
completely or partly filled with batteries or can be equipped with additional electric or electronic devices
respectively

3.9.2
battery shelter
battery enclosure for outdoor installations. It can be designed as a movable unit for transportation

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3.9.3
battery box
closed box designed for the accommodation of batteries. They can form an integral part or parts of other
equipment

3.10
mode of operation
batteries require different type of charging and discharging depending on the type of application. The
following modes of operation are typical:
• battery / cycle operation (charge / discharge operation)
The load is powered by the battery only, after the battery has been charged. This can be permanently
repeated (cycle operation);
• response mode operation (switch mode operation)
In case of power failure the load is switched to the fully charged battery. The battery is charged by a
separate charger;
• parallel operation mode. Battery, load and charger are permanently connected and operated in
parallel. In case of power failure the load is continuously powered without any interruption by
discharging the battery

3.11
charge of a battery
operation during which a secondary cell or battery is supplied with electric energy from an external circuit
which results in chemical changes within the cell and thus storage of energy as chemical energy
[IEV 482-05-27 MOD]

3.12
discharge of a battery
operation by which a secondary cell or battery delivers to an external electric circuit and under specified
conditions electric energy produced in the cells
[IEV 482-03-23 MOD ]

4 General Information
4.1 General

The technical characteristics of secondary cells are listed in Table 1. The different electro-chemical systems
have acidic, alkaline, non-aqueous or solid electrolyte. These electro-chemical systems generate different
voltages depending on the type of positive and negative electrodes and the type of electrolyte. For each of
the systems a nominal voltage is defined.

During operation some systems may generate and release gasses, which may be hazardous under certain
conditions and require specific protective measures.

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Table 1 – Electrochemical couples (secondary cells)
Designation of System Components Nominal Gassing
voltage voltage
Simplified equation of
 Active mass of electrodes

cell reaction
Battery
Electrodes Electrolyte
charged discharged
[V] [V]
system
positive negative positive negative
charged condition ÆÆÆÆ
discharged condition
Pb / PbO H SO PbO Pb PbSO PbSO 2,00 PbO + Pb + 2H SO Æ
Lead-acid 2 2 4 2 4 4 ≈ 2,40 2 2 4
2PbSO  +  2H O
4 2

Nickel- Ni / Cd KOH / NiOOH Cd Ni(OH) Cd(OH) 1,20 ≈ 1,55 2NiOOH + Cd + 2H O
2 2 2
cadmium
NaOH Æ 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

Ni-metal- Ni/MH KOH NiOOH H Ni(OH) HO 1,20 2(NiOOHH O) +H Æ
2 2 2 ≈ 1,55 2 2
hydride 2Ni(OH) + 2H O
2 2
Nickel-iron
Ni / Fe KOH NiOOH Fe Ni(OH) Fe(OH) 1,20 ≈ 1,70 2NiOOH + Fe + 2H O
2 2 2
Æ 2Ni(OH) + Fe(OH)
2 2
Silver-zinc Ag / Zn KOH AgO Zn Ag Zn(OH) 1,55 ≈ 2,05 AgO + Zn + H O Æ
2 2
Ag + Zn(OH)
2
a b
Lithium- Li / C non- Li MetO + C LiMetO C+xLi 3,60 none Li MO +CLi Æ
x 1-x 2 2 1-x 2 x
systems aqueous xLi LiMO +C
2
a
 Typical nominal voltage.
b
 Li or Li-Ion cells have a limiting voltage specified by the manufacturer.

Table 2 - Preferred fields of application of secondary battery design
Field of application Stationary Traction Portable battery
battery battery
EN 50272-2 EN 50272-3 EN 50272-4
Telecommunication
5

Power plants / Substations
5

DC power supply systems
5
alarm system, signal systems,
railway crossings, etc.
Emergency power supply

5

UPS systems

5

Starting of internal combustion
5
engines (cranking battery )

PV solar systems

5

Forklift trucks / Electric handling
5
machines /
Automatic guided vehicles
5
Mobile robots
Cleaning machines
5
Wheel chairs
Explosion proof batteries
5
mining batteries
Leisure type batteries, e.g.
5
Caravans, boats, yachts
Batteries onboard ships (boats),
5 5
railway and other vehicles
Portable appliances
5

General purpose batteries
5 5 5


4.2 Charge
4.2.1 General

After a discharge, Secondary Batteries can be recharged by use of a suitable DC power source. Normally
batteries supply the energy for a specified time period to appliances, systems or vehicles independent from
the mains power supply.

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Batteries can also be kept fully charged by applying permanent float charge and can be operated as a
reserve power source, e.g. in ‘fail safe’ power supply systems.

The characteristic of the charge equipment is determined by the electro-chemical system, the battery design
and the application. The charger shall provide the required charging characteristics and charging regime to
suit to the operating conditions.

In the case of parallel operation of the battery with the charger and load, the system’s settings for current and
voltage shall reflect the values specified by the battery manufacturer.

4.2.2 Charging techniques and charging procedures

For proper charging of secondary batteries, manufacturer’s specified charging procedures and charging
regimes shall be applied. For achieving long service life of secondary batteries the limit values and operating
conditions shall be observed. It is recommended to control charge voltage (over charge protection) and
current to detect irregularities on time. Charge currents and voltages remaining below specified values, e.g.
due to low voltage of the mains supply, or low electrolyte temperature require longer recharge time, or will
result in insufficient charge condition.

Normally the charge current for vented batteries is not limited until the gassing voltage is reached. In case of
valve-regulated and gastight sealed batteries the manufacturer’s instruction regarding charge current,
voltage and temperature shall be observed.

When exceeding the gassing voltage the charge current shall be adjusted according to information from the
battery manufacturer or from the relevant safety standards.

4.2.3 Charger characteristics

Chargers with uncontrolled taper characteristics depend on influences by the mains supply, i.e. variations of
mains voltage and frequency. If these influences need to be eliminated, additional measures are required to
achieve the specified set values, e.g. by manual setting of transformer taps

NOTE  In case of longer lasting deviations of the output values when using uncontrolled taper charge rectifiers, the
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