SIST EN 12412-4:2003

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12412-4:2003
01-december-2003
Toplotne lastnosti oken, vrat in polken – Ugotavljanje toplotne prehodnosti z
metodo komorne naprave – 4. del: Roletne omarice
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Determination of thermal
transmittance by hot box method - Part 4: Roller shutter boxes
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern, Türen und Abschlüssen - Bestimmung des
Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten mittels des Heizkastenverfahrens - Teil 4:
Rollladenkästen
Performance thermique des fenetres, portes et fermetures - Détermination du coefficient
de transmission thermique par la méthode de la boîte chaude - Partie 4: Coffres de
volets roulants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12412-4:2003
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation
SIST EN 12412-4:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 12412-4:2003

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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12412-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2003
ICS 91.060.50
English version
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters -
Determination of thermal transmittance by hot box method - Part
4: Roller shutter boxes
Performance thermique des fenêtres, portes et fermetures - Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern, Türen und
Détermination du coefficient de transmission thermique par Abschlüssen - Bestimmung des
la méthode de la boîte chaude - Partie 4: Coffres de volets Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten mittels des
roulants Heizkastenverfahrens - Teil 4: Rolladenkästen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 May 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12412-4:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts.5
4 Principle.6
5 Requirements for test specimen and apparatus .6
5.1 General.6
5.2 Surround panels.6
5.3 Specimen requirements and location.6
5.4 Calibration panels.8
5.5 Temperature measurement and baffle position.8
5.6 Air flow measurements .9
6 Test procedure .9
6.1 General.9
6.2 Calibration measurements.9
6.2.1 General.9
6.2.2 Total surface resistance.9
6.2.3 Surface resistance and surface coefficients of heat transfer .10
6.2.4 Surround panel and edge corrections.12
6.3 Measurement procedure for test specimens .13
7 Test report .16
Annex A (normative) Determination of the environmental temperature .17
A.1 General.17
A.2 Environmental temperature .18
A.3 Mean radiant temperature.18
A.4 Convective surface heat transfer coefficient.20
Annex B (normative) Linear thermal transmittance of the edge zone.21
Annex C (informative) Example of calibration test and measurement of the shutter box specimen .27
C.1 Calibration test with panel size 1,23 m · 1,48 m.27
C.2 Roller shutter box specimen measurement.33
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document EN 12412-4:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 89, "Thermal performance
of buildings and building components", the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by January 2004.
This standard is one of a series of standards on calculation and measurement methods for the design and
evaluation of the thermal performance of buildings and building components.
Annexes A and B are normative.
Annex C is informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Introduction
The method described in this European Standard provides data that can be used for calculating the overall thermal
performance of windows and doors equipped with roller shutters according to EN ISO 10077-1, Thermal
performance of windows, doors and shutters – Calculation of thermal transmittance – Part 1: Simplified method
(ISO 10077-1:2000).
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method, based on EN ISO 8990 and EN ISO 12567-1, to measure the overall
thermal transmittance of a roller shutter box in a hot box. This includes all effects of geometrical and material
characteristics in a test specimen.
Edge effects occurring outside of the perimeter of the specimen are excluded. Furthermore, energy transfer due to
solar radiation is not taken into account, and air leakage is excluded.
The method is designed to provide both standardised tests which enable a fair comparison of different products to
be made, and specific tests on products for practical application purposes. The former includes window
standardised specimen sizes and applied test criteria.
The determination of the overall thermal transmittance is performed for conditions which will correspond to a similar
situation of the roller shutter box in practice.
Information on the design of the calibration transfer standard is given in EN ISO 12567-1.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1946-4, Thermal performance of building products and components – Specific criteria for the assessment of
laboratories measuring heat transfer properties – Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods.
prEN 12519:1996, Windows and doors – Terminology.
EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products – Determination of thermal resistance by
means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods – Dry and moist products of medium and low thermal
resistance.
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation – Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987).
EN ISO 8990:1996, Thermal insulation – Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties –
Calibrated and guarded hot box (ISO 8990:1994).
EN ISO 9288:1996, Thermal insulation – Heat transfer by radiation – Physical quantities and definitions
(ISO 9288:1989).
EN ISO 12567-1:2000, Thermal performance of windows and doors – Determination of thermal transmittance by
hot box method – Part 1: Complete windows and doors (ISO 12567-1:2000).
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
EN ISO 8990:1996, EN ISO 9288:1996 and prEN 12519:1996 apply.
3.2 Symbols and units
Symb Quantity Unit
ol
2
A area m
F convective fraction
-
2
R
thermal resistance m K/W
T thermodynamic temperature K
2
U thermal transmittance
W/(m K)
d
thickness or depth m
f view factor
-
2
h surface coefficient of heat transfer
W/(m K)
L
perimeter length m
l length m
2
q
density of heat flow rate W/m
temperature difference K
D q , D T
2
thermal conductance
L W/(m K)
a radiation factor -
heat flow rate W
F
hemispherical emissivity
e -
2 4
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
s W/(m K )
q Celsius temperature °C
linear thermal transmittance
Y W/(m K)
w width m
v
air velocity m/s
thermal conductivity
l W/(m K)
3.3 Subscripts
b baffle
c convective
ca calibration
e external, usually cold side
ed edge zone
fi infill with known thermal properties
hb hot box
i internal, usually hot side
in input
m measured
me average
n environmental (ambient)
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
ne environmental (external)
ni environmental (internal)
p reveal of surround panel
r radiation (mean)
s surface
sb roller shutter box
sp specimen
sur surround panel
t total
4 Principle
Tests are carried out using the calibrated or guarded hot box in accordance with EN ISO 8990 and EN ISO 12567-
1. Depending on the height of the box, roller shutter boxes located in pairs of the same type of construction
equipped with masks (simulation of window frames) form the test specimen.
The surround panel is used to keep the specimen in position. It is constructed with outer dimensions of appropriate
size for the apparatus, having an aperture to accommodate the specimen (see Figures 1 and 2).
The principal heat flows through the surround panel and the calibration panel (or test specimen) are shown in
Figure 3. The boundary edge heat flow due to the location of the calibration panel in the surround panel is
determined separately by a linear thermal transmittance Y .
The procedure in this standard includes a correction for the boundary edge heat flow, so that standardized and
reproducible thermal transmittance properties are obtained.
The magnitude of the boundary edge heat flow as a function of geometry, calibration panel thickness and thermal
conductivity is determined by tabulated values given in annex B.
5 Requirements for test specimen and apparatus
5.1 General
The test apparatus shall conform to the requirements specified in EN 1946-4, EN ISO 8990 and EN ISO 12567-1.
5.2 Surround panels
For details see 5.2 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000.
5.3 Specimen requirements and location
The roller shutter boxes shall be at least 1230 mm long and shall be mounted horizontally in the aperture (see
Figure 1). For test specimens with metallic-bare surfaces, the inner and outer surfaces should be treated by coating
in order to achieve an emissivity of at least 0,8. Any variations from this value have to be justified. Adjacent roller
shutter boxes located in pairs lying on top of each other are separated by insulating panels (infill elements). These
panels shall be made from material with thermal conductivity less than 0,035 W/(m K) and shall be at least 150 mm
high and 60 mm thick. The thermal conductivity of the insulating infill elements shall be obtained by measurement
according to EN 12664 (guarded hot plate apparatus) or by using panels with certified properties from an
accredited source.
Thermocouples to measure the surface temperature shall be placed as shown in Figure 2.
For further information refer to EN ISO 12567-1.
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Surround panel 4 Roller shutter box
2 Temperature sensors 5 Warm side
3 Panel (infill element) 6 Cold side
Figure 1 — Roller shutter boxes in surround panel
It is important that this infill element is located in the same position as the window shutter box would be in practice.
The surround panel shall always be thicker than the depth of the shutter box so that the shutter box does not
protrude on either side.
The roller shutter boxes shall be tested as used in practice during the night-time, i.e. with roller shutters rolled
down.
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
The roller shutters shall be shortened to the last 4 to 7 slats. The last slat of each shutter box shall be taken to the
outside and taped to the insulating panel.
If the specimen area forms less than 30 % of the aperture area of the hot-box, two or more shutter boxes shall be
installed so that the total specimen area is at least 30 % of the aperture area, with at least 150 mm between the
pair of shutter boxes (see Figure 1).
5.4 Calibration panels
The calibration panel shall be mounted as shown in Figure 3. For further details see 5.4 and 5.5 of EN ISO 12567-
1:2000.
5.5 Temperature measurement and baffle position
For further details see 5.5 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000.
The position of the temperature and the air speed sensors are shown in Figure 2.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A Vertical section 3 Surround panel
B Face elevation 4 Infill element
1 Cold side baffle 5 Thermocouple
2 Warm side baffle 6 Air speed sensor
Figure 2 — Locations of temperature and air speed sensors during measurement
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
5.6 Air flow measurements
See 5.6 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000.
6 Test procedure
6.1 General
Except as provided herein, the test procedure shall conform with the requirements according to 6.2 and 6.3 of
EN ISO 12567-1:2000. An example of the calculations required is given in annex C.
6.2 Calibration measurements
6.2.1 General
Calibration measurements are required to ensure that suitable test conditions are set up and that the surround
panel heat flow and surface heat transfer coefficients can be fully accounted for.
The calibration measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of six densities of heat flow rates which cover the
required range of specimen testing.
Calibration measurements shall be carried out at three different mean air temperatures q [q =(q + q )/2] in
c,me c,me c,i c,e
steps of ± 5 K by varying the cold side air temperature, retaining constant conditions of air movement on the cold
side and constant air temperature and natural convection on the warm side. By this procedure, surface resistances
and coefficients of heat transfer can be determined as a function of the total density of heat flow rate through the
calibration panel.
NOTE It is considered that for non-homogeneous test specimens like window frames or door frames, the mean heat
transfer conditions over the measured area will be comparable to those of the given calibration panel.
6.2.2 Total surface resistance
6.2.2.1 Measurement
The calibration panels shall be made as specified in C.1 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000, and the calibration
measurements shall be carried out as specified in 6.2 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000 (see also Figure 3).
The first calibration test shall be made with the thin panel (d » 20 mm) at a mean temperature of approximately
ca
10 C and a temperature difference, D q between warm and cold sides, of (20 ± 2) K (see EN ISO 8990 and
c
annex A for the determination of the environmental temperatures).
The air velocity on the cold side shall be adjusted for the first calibration test by throttling or by fan speed
2
adjustment to give a total surface thermal resistance (warm and cold side) R 0,17 ± 0,01 m K/W. Thereafter,
s,t
=
the fan speed settings and/or the throttling devices shall remain constant for all subsequent calibration
measurements. The set-up used for the calibration procedure shall be used for all tests with specimens of shutter
boxes.
6.2.2.2 Calculation
2
Calculate the total surface thermal resistance of the warm and cold side, R , expressed in m K/W, using
s,t
Equation (1):


-


s,ca
n,ca
(1)
=
Rs,t
q
ca
where
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
D q is the difference between environmental temperatures on each side of the calibration panel, in K,
n,ca
calculated in accordance with annex A;
D q is the surface temperature difference of the calibration panel, in K;
s,ca
q is the density of heat flow rate of the calibration panel determined from the known thermal
ca
resistance R of the calibration panel (at the mean temperature, q ) and the surface temperature
ca me,ca
difference D q calculated using Equation (2):
s,ca

q
s,ca
(2)
q =
ca
R
ca
where R is the thermal resistance of the calibration panel at the mean temperature of the panel, calculated using
ca
Equation (3):
d
j
(3)
R =
ca
l
j
The total surface resistance, R , shall be plotted as a function of the density of heat flow rate, q , of the calibration
s,t ca

panel. These characteristics are used to determine the total surface resistances of all subsequent measurements
of test specimens.
6.2.3 Surface resistance and surface coefficients of heat transfer
6.2.3.1 General
Surface coefficients of heat transfer (convective and radiative parts) are needed in order to determine the
environmental temperatures (according to the procedures given in annex A and EN ISO 8990). Surface
temperature measurements on the calibration panel at different densities of heat flow rate allow the determination
of the surface coefficients of heat transfer. The surface resistances are calculated using Equations (4) and (5):
q q

-

ni,ca si,ca
(4)
=
Rsi, t
q
ca

q -
q
ne,ca se,ca
(5)
=
R
se, t
q
ca
where
2
q is the density of heat flow rate through the calibration panel, in W/m ;
ca
q is the environmental temperature of the warm side, in degrees Celsius;
ni,ca
q is the warm side surface temperature of the calibration panel, in degrees Celsius;
si,ca
q is the cold side surface temperature of the calibration panel, in degrees Celsius;
se,ca
q is the environmental temperature of the cold side, in degrees Celsius.
ne,ca
NOTE The calculation of environmental temperatures is described in annex A.
6.2.3.2 Convective fraction
Evaluate the radiative and convective parts of the surface coefficients of heat transfer from the calibration data for
the warm and cold side according to the procedure given in annex A and determine the convective fraction F using
c
Equation (6):
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
h
c
F = (6)
c
h + h
c r
where
2
h is the convective coefficient of heat transfer, in W/(m K);
c
2
h is the radiative coefficient of heat transfer, in W/(m K).
r
The variation of the convective fraction, F shall be plotted for both sides as a function of q (density of heat flow
c ca
rate of the calibration panel). It is used by interpolation for the determination of the environmental temperatures of
all subsequent measurements of test specimens using Equation (7).
q q q
= F + (1 - F ) (7)
n c c c r
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Surround panel
2 Calibration panel
3 Cold side
4Warm side
Figure 3 — Surround panel and boundary effects
6.2.4 Surround panel and edge corrections
The major difference compared to the procedures given in EN ISO 12567-1 is that a correction for a change in the
total surface resistance is not made and so a graph of the density of heat flow rate against the total surface
resistance does not need to be drawn.
From the data set of the thicker calibration panel (d @ 60 mm), calculate and plot the thermal resistance of the
ca
surround panel, R , as a function of its mean temperature. From the heat flows shown in Figure 3, Equations (8),
sur
(9) and (10) are derived:
q
A

sur s,sur
= (8)
Rsur
F - F - F
in ca ed
where
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
2
A is the projected area of the surround panel, in m ;
sur
D q is the difference between the average surface temperatures of the surround panel, in K;
s,sur
F is the heat input to the metering box appropriately corrected for heat flow through the metering box
in
walls and the flanking losses, in W (see EN ISO 8990);
F is the heat flow rate through the calibration panel, in W, given by Equation (9):
ca
F = A q (9)
ca ca ca
where
2
A is the projected area of the calibration panel, in m ;
ca
2
q is the density of heat flow rate of the calibration panel, in W/m ;
ca
F is the heat flow rate through the edge zone between calibration panel and surround panel, in W, given
ed
by Equation (10):
F = L Y D q (10)
ed ed ed c
where
L is the perimeter length between surround panel and specimen, in m;
ed
Y is the linear thermal transmittance of the edge zone between surround panel and specimen, in
ed
W/(m K) (values for Y are given in Table B.2 for measurements on roller shutter boxes described in
ed

5.3);
D q is the difference between the warm and the cold side air temperatures, in K.
c
This calibration procedure allows the results from a given size of calibration panel to be applied to a different size of
test specimen without repeating the whole calibration measurement process. If the internal and external projected
areas are different, the larger one shall be used.
NOTE A worked example is given in annex C.
6.3 Measurement procedure for test specimens
The measurement of the test specimens shall be made under the same conditions as those used in the
corresponding calibrations described in 6.2.1 of EN ISO 12567-1:2000 at a mean temperature of approximately 10
C.
The density of heat flow rate, q, through the infill element and shutter box during the measurement shall be
t
calculated using Equation (11):
F - F - F
in sur ed
q = (11)
t
A
t
where
F is the heat input to the metering box appropriately corrected for heat flow through the metering box
in
walls and the flanking losses, in W, (see 2.9.3.3 of EN ISO 8990:1996);
F is the heat flow rate through the surround panel, in W, given by :
sur
A
q
sur s,sur
F = (12)
sur
R
sur
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
F is the edge zone heat flow rate according to Equation (10), in W, (the actual value for Y shall be
ed ed
taken from Table B.2);
2
A is the projected area of the shutter box and the infill area, in m ;
t
2
A is the projected area of the surround panel in m ;
sur
2
R is the thermal resistance of the surround panel in m K/W determined by calibration (see example
sur
given in Figure C.2).
The measured overall thermal transmittance, U , of the infill element and shutter box shall be calculated using
m,t
Equation (13):
q
t
U = (13)
m,t
D q
n
where
2
q is the density of heat flow rate in the measurement of the infill element and shutter box, in W/m ;
t
D q is the difference between the environmental temperatures on each side of the system under test, in K.
n
The overall thermal transmittance of the shutter box, U , is given by:
sb
U A
q - L
q A
m,t t n fi s,fi fi
U = (14)
sb
A
q
sb n
where
2
U is the measured thermal transmittance, in W/(m K), of the infill element and the shutter box area
m,t
2
A (the shutter box area is the larger of the two projected areas seen from both sides in m );
sb
A is the remaining area of the calibrated infill element in the plane of measurement (A = A - A ),
fi fi sb
2
in m ;
2
A is the projected area of the metering area, in m ;
t
D q is the difference between the environmental temperatures on each side of the system under test,
n
in K;
2
L is the thermal conductance of the infill element, in W/(m K);
fi
D q is the difference of the temperatures between the surfaces of the infill element, in K;
s,fi
2
A is the projected area of the shutter box, in m .
sb
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Test specimen
2 Surround panel
3 Aperture
Figure 4 — Face elevation of aperture
The area of the aperture is A = w l
The area of infill is
A = (w l) - (w l )
fi i
i
i
The projected area of the shutter box is
A = (w l )
sb i i
i
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
7 Test report
The test report shall contain all information required for a test report specified in 3.7 of EN ISO 8990:1996. In
addition, the following information shall be given:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested: height, a cross-section of the specimen; a sketch showing
the structure of the specimen (e.g. position and thickness of insulating material layers, position of internal foils,
composition and geometry of the specimen and the position relevant to the surround panel);
b) method of calibration: summary details of the range of calibrations appropriate to these tests (calibration
curves or analytical calibration functions);
c) results of measurements:
basic data set of the measurements (see EN ISO 8990);
mean environmental temperature on the warm side, q , in °C;
ni
mean environmental temperature on the cold side, q , in °C;
ne
2
air speed and direction on the warm (when measured) and the cold side, in m/s ;
the measured thermal transmittance, U , as obtained from the tests rounded to two significant figures;
sb
estimation of the approximate error of the measurement.
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SIST EN 12412-4:2003
EN 12412-4:2003 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Determination of the environmental temperature
A.1 General
The procedure in EN ISO 12567-1:2000, annex A shall be applied, with the following modifications given
...