SIST EN ISO 13506-1:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2017
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Protective clothing against heat and flame - Part 1: Test method for complete garments -
Measurement of transferred energy using an instrumented manikin (ISO 13506-1:2017)
Schutzkleidung gegen Hitze und Flammen - Prüfverfahren für vollständige Bekleidung -
Teil 1: Messung der Wärmeübertragung unter Verwendung einer sensorbestückten
Prüfpuppe (ISO 13506-1:2017)
Vêtements de protection contre la chaleur et les flammes - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
pour vêtements complets - Mesurage de l'énergie transférée à l'aide d'un mannequin
instrumenté (ISO 13506-1:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13506-1:2017
ICS:
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 13506-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.10
English Version
Protective clothing against heat and flame - Part 1: Test
method for complete garments - Measurement of
transferred energy using an instrumented manikin (ISO
13506-1:2017)
Vêtements de protection contre la chaleur et les Schutzkleidung gegen Hitze und Flammen -
flammes - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai pour vêtements Prüfverfahren für vollständige Bekleidung - Teil 1:
complets - Mesurage de l'énergie transférée à l'aide Messung der Wärmeübertragung unter Verwendung
d'un mannequin instrumenté (ISO 13506-1:2017) einer sensorbestückten Prüfpuppe (ISO 13506-1:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 May 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13506-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC [1989 L399] aimed to be covered . 4

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13506-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94
“Personal safety - Protective clothing and equipment” in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13506-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13506-1:2017 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC [1989 L399] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/031 to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 89/686/EEC on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment [1989 L399].
Once this document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and
Annex II of Directive 89/686/EEC [1989 L399]
Essential requirements of Clause(s)/subclause(s)
Remarks/Notes
Directive 89/686/EEC of this EN
3.6. Protection against heat and/or fire Complete Standard Together with the
requirements in the product
standard
3.6.2. Complete PPE ready for use Complete Standard Together with the
requirements in the product
standard
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this document is
maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this document
should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this document.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13506-1
First edition
2017-07
Protective clothing against heat and
flame —
Part 1:
Test method for complete garments —
Measurement of transferred energy
using an instrumented manikin
Vêtements de protection contre la chaleur et les flammes —
Partie 1: Méthode d’essai pour vêtements complets — Mesurage de
l’énergie transférée à l’aide d’un mannequin instrumenté
Reference number
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 2
3  Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 4
5  Apparatus . 5
6  Sampling and test specimens .18
6.1 General .18
6.2 Number of test specimens .19
6.3 Size of test specimen .19
6.4 Specimen preparation .19
6.4.1 Conditioning .19
6.4.2 Optional laundering .19
6.5 Standard reference garment design .19
7  Pre-requisites for products implementing this test method .20
8 Procedure.21
8.1 Preparation of test apparatus .21
8.1.1 General.21
8.1.2 Manikin sensor check .21
8.1.3 Flame exposure chamber purging .22
8.1.4 Gas line charging .22
8.1.5 Confirmation of nude exposure conditions .22
8.2 Specimen testing procedure .23
8.2.1 General.23
8.2.2 Dressing the manikin .23
8.2.3 Recording the specimen identification, test conditions and test observations .23
8.2.4 Confirming safe operation conditions and lighting of pilot flames .24
8.2.5 Starting the image recording system.24
8.2.6 Setting time for heat transfer data acquisition .24
8.2.7 Exposure of the test specimen .25
8.2.8 Recording of specimen response remarks .25
8.2.9 Calculation of surface incident heat flux and transferred energy .25
8.2.10 Still images .25
8.3 Preparing for the next test exposure .25
9  Test report .26
9.1 General .26
9.2 Specimen identification .26
9.3 Exposure conditions .26
9.4 Results for each specimen .27
9.4.1 General.27
9.4.2 Heat flux data of each manikin sensor .27
9.4.3 Transferred energy .27
9.4.4 Energy transmission factor .27
9.4.5 Other information that may be reported .28
9.5 Observations .28
Annex A (informative) Considerations for conducting tests and using test results .29
Annex B (informative) Inter-laboratory test data analysis .30
Annex C (normative) Calibration procedure .33
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Annex D (informative) Calculation of transferred energy and energy transmission factor .42
Annex E (informative) Elements of a computer software program .45
Bibliography .47
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Protective clothing
and equipment, Subcommittee SC 13, Protective clothing.
This first edition of ISO 13506-1, together with ISO 13506-2, cancels and replaces the first edition of
ISO 13506:2008, which has been technically revised. The assessment of skin burn injury has been
transferred to ISO 13506-2.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13506 series can be found on the ISO website.
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Introduction
The purpose of heat and flame-resistant protective clothing is to shield the wearer from hazards that
can cause skin burn injury. The clothing can be made from one or more materials. The evaluation of
materials for potential use in this type of clothing generally involves two steps. First, the materials
are tested to gauge their ability to limit flame spread. They are then tested to determine the rate of
transferred energy through them when exposed to a particular hazard. A variety of test methods are
used in these two steps. The test method selected depends on the nature of the potential hazards and
the intended end use of the materials. Once suitable materials have been identified, they can be made
into complete garments or ensembles for testing on a manikin-fire exposure system.
Laboratory bench scale transferred energy tests are used to select suitable materials for a protective
clothing ensemble. While these tests can allow ranking of garment or ensemble materials and
components, the tests do not allow a complete assessment of a garment or ensemble made of the
materials.
Bench scale transferred energy test methods use small amounts of material, up to 150 mm × 150 mm in
area, and hold the material initially flat, either in a vertical or horizontal plane. Multiple layers are used
where appropriate (e.g. fire-fighting ensembles). In this case, the layer normally worn on the exterior
is exposed directly to the energy source, while the layer normally worn on the inside is away from the
energy source. With the planar orientation and alignment of materials, shrinkage has little effect on the
outcome of the test, unless the shrinkage is so severe as to cause holes to form in the material during
the exposure to the energy source. Sagging, however, does directly affect the results, as an air gap can
form or grow in size, adding an insulating effect. With the aforementioned test methods, it is possible to
test seams, zippers, pockets, buttons or other closures, metal and plastic clips or other features that can
be included in a complete garment such as heraldry, company logos, etc. However, it is often considered
easier to evaluate these aspects together with the overall design features of a garment or ensemble
that can affect the performance by testing complete garments or ensembles on a manikin. It is for this
purpose that this document was established.
In the test method in this document, a stationary, upright adult-sized manikin is dressed in a complete
garment and exposed to a laboratory simulation of a fire with controlled heat flux, duration and flame
distribution. The average incident heat flux to the exterior of the garment is 84 kW/m , a value similar
to those used in ISO 9151, ISO 6942 and ISO 17492. Heat flux sensors fitted to the surface of the manikin
are used to measure the heat flux variation with time and location on the manikin and to determine the
total energy absorbed over the data-gathering period. The data gathering period is selected to ensure
that the total energy transferred has been completed. The information obtained can be used to assist in
evaluating the performance of the garment or protective clothing ensembles under the test conditions.
It can also be used to estimate the extent and nature of skin damage that a person would suffer if
wearing the test garment under similar exposure conditions (see ISO 13506-2).
The manikin is used in a standing position in initially quiescent air. Controlled air motion for simulating
wind effects or body movement is not presently possible. It is possible to move the manikin through a
stationary flame but motion of this nature is not within the scope of this document. Variations in the fit
of the test garment that can occur when sitting or bending are not evaluated.
The fire simulations are dynamic. As such, the exposure is more representative of an actual industrial
accident fire than the exposures used in bench scale tests (see Annex B). The heat flux resulting from
the exposure is neither constant nor uniform over the surface of the manikin/garment. Under these
conditions, the results are expected to have more variability than carefully controlled bench scale
tests. In addition, the garment is not constrained to be a flat surface but is allowed to have a natural
drape on the manikin. The effect these variables have on a garment can be seen in several ways:
ignition and burning of the garment and heraldry, sagging or shrinkage in all directions after flaming,
hole generation, smoke generation and structural failure of seams. Many of these failures rarely appear
in the bench scale testing of the materials because they are a result of garment design variables,
interaction between material properties and design variables, construction techniques and localized
exposure conditions that are more severe.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Fit of the garment on the manikin is important. Thus variations in garment design and how the manikin
is dressed by the operator can influence the test results. A test garment or specimen size is selected
by the laboratory from the size range provided by the manufacturer to fit the laboratory’s manikin.
Experience suggests that testing a garment one size larger than the standard will reduce the total
energy transferred and percentage body burn by about 5 %.
This document is not designed to measure material properties directly, but to evaluate the interaction
of material behaviour and garment design. One can compare relative material behaviour by making
a series of test garments out of different materials using a common pattern. The performance of the
complete garments will not necessarily be ranked in the same order as might be obtained when the
materials are tested using ISO 9151. Correlations between small scale tests and results from single-
[15]
layer garments have been examined .
Most manikins do not have sensors on the hands and feet, but it is possible to assess some aspects of
hand protection depending upon the specific design of the hands. The head, however, does contain heat
flux sensors. The reason for this is that many outer garments include an integral hood, but not gloves or
footwear. Tests for gloves and footwear are covered by other ISO documents for specific end uses.
The protection offered by the test specimens is evaluated through quantitative measurements and
observations. Heat flux sensors fitted to the manikin are used to measure the energy transferred to
the manikin surface during the data-gathering period. This information can be reported directly (this
document) or used to calculate the nature, location and extent of the damage that would occur to human
skin from the exposure (see ISO 13506-2).
References [16] and [17] give details of manikin and sensor construction, data acquisition, computer
software requirements, flame exposure chamber and fuel and delivery system. They also suggest
numerical techniques that can be used to carry out the calculations required.
The ISO/TC 94, SC 13 and SC 14 committees and European Committee for Standardization (CEN
TC 162) specify the method described in this document as an optional part in the fire fighter standards
[11]
ISO 11999-3 and EN 469 , and as an optional part in the industrial heat and flame protective clothing
standard ISO 11612. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) specifies a test method similar to
[13]
the one described in this document as part of a certification process for garments (see NFPA 2112 ).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Protective clothing against heat and flame —
Part 1:
Test method for complete garments — Measurement of
transferred energy using an instrumented manikin
1  Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements, equipment and calculation methods to provide
results that can be used for evaluating the performance of complete garments or protective clothing
ensembles exposed to short duration flame engulfment.
This test method establishes a rating system to characterize the thermal protection provided by single-
layer and multi-layer garments made of flame resistant materials. Any material construction such
as coated, quilted or sandwich can be used. The rating is based on the measurement of heat transfer
to a full-size manikin exposed to convective and radiant energy in a laboratory simulation of a fire
with controlled heat flux, duration and flame distribution. The heat transfer data are summed over a
prescribed time to give the total transferred energy.
For the purposes of this test method, the incident heat flux is limited to a nominal level of 84 kW/m
and limited to exposure durations of 3 s to 12 s dependant on the risk assessment and expectations
from the thermal insulating capability of the garment. The results obtained apply only to the particular
garments or ensembles, as tested, and for the specified conditions of each test, particularly with respect
to the heat flux, duration and flame distribution.
This test method requires a visual evaluation, observation and inspection on the overall behaviour of
the test specimen during and after the exposure as the garment or complete ensemble on the manikin
is recorded before, during and after the flame exposure. Visuals of the garment or complete ensemble
on the manikin are recorded (i.e. video and still images) before, during and after the flame exposure.
This also applies to the evaluation of protection for the hands or the feet when they do not contain
sensors. For the interfaces of ensembles tested, the test method is limited to visual inspection. The
effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
The heat flux measurements can also be used to calculate the predicted skin burn injury resulting from
the exposure (see ISO 13506-2).
This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures such as those found in arc flash exposures,
some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.
NOTE 1 This test method provides information on material behaviour and a measurement of garment
performance on a stationary upright manikin. The relative size of the garment and the manikin and the fit of the
garment on the shape of the manikin have an important influence on the performance.
NOTE 2 This test method is complex and requires a high degree of technical expertise in both the test setup
and operation.
NOTE 3 Even minor deviations from the instructions in this test method can lead to significantly different test
results.
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
2  Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6942, Protective clothing — Protection against heat and fire — Method of test: Evaluation of materials
and material assemblies when exposed to a source of radiant heat
ISO 9162, Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Liquefied petroleum gases — Specifications
ISO/TR 11610, Protective clothing — Vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 11610 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
absorbed energy
energy (3.5) absorbed by each manikin sensors (3.14) mounted in the surface of the manikin when
exposed to the incident energy (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: This does not account for radiant or convective losses unique for each style of sensor.
3.2
associated area
area of body region divided by the number of sensors in that body region
Note 1 to entry: See Table 2.
3.3
complete garments
single garment or combination of garments designed to protect the torso, arms and legs of the wearer
Note 1 to entry: Both a single garment and a combination of garments can include protection for the head
of the wearer by means of a hood (integral or separate) or balaclava. A combination of garments can include
undergarments and outer garments.
3.4
conditioning
keeping samples under standard conditions of temperature and relative humidity for a minimum
period of time
3.5
energy
heat flux (3.10) multiplied by the time period of measurement and by associated area (3.2)
3.6
energy transmission factor
ratio of the transferred energy (3.18) to the incident energy (3.12), for the energy calculation period
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
3.7
fire
rapid oxidation process which is a chemical reaction of fuel and oxygen resulting in the evolution of
light, heat and combustion products in varying intensities
Note 1 to entry: The fuel can be a solid, dust, a gas or vapours of an ignitable liquid. The fire will last as long as
there is a combustible fuel-air mixture.
3.8
flame distribution
spatial distribution of incident flames from the test facility burners which provides a controlled heat
flux (3.10) over the manikin surface
3.9
garment ease
difference between body (manikin) dimensions and garment dimensions
3.10
heat flux
thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted divided by time and by area to the
surface
Note 1 to entry: Heat flux is expressed in kW/m .
3.10.1
absorbed heat flux
heat flux (3.10) absorbed by the manikin sensors (3.14) mounted in the surface of the manikin when
exposed to the incident heat flux (3.10.2)
3.10.2
incident heat flux
heat flux (3.10) to which a test item or nude manikin is exposed
Note 1 to entry: The incident heat flux is determined from the characteristics of the manikin sensors (3.14) and
their measured output during a nude manikin exposure.
3.11
heat flux sensor
device capable of directly measuring the heat flux (3.10) to the manikin’s surface under test conditions,
or of providing data that can be used to calculate the heat flux
Note 1 to entry: In either case, the created data needs to be in a form that can be processed by a computer
program to assess the total energy transferred over the recording period and/or the predicted skin burn injury.
3.12
incident energy
energy (3.5) to which a test item or nude manikin is exposed
3.12.1
total incident energy
sum of the incident energy (3.12) of all the manikin sensors (3.14) during the nude exposure
3.13
instrumented manikin
model representing an adult-sized human which is fitted with manikin sensors (3.14) in the surface
3.14
manikin sensor
heat flux sensor (3.11) fulfilling the requirements of this document
Note 1 to entry: See 3.11 and 5.3.
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
3.15
maximum heat flux
highest value of absorbed heat flux (3.10.1) calculated from the recorded output of a manikin sensor
(3.14) during a test
3.16
protective clothing ensemble
combination of complete protective garments
Note 1 to entry: This document does not include energy transferred to the hands and feet. Gloves and footwear
can be included in the ensemble for visual inspection. This will allow a more realistic representation of interfaces
and make possible a visual inspection of gloves and footwear during and after the test.
3.17
thermal protection
overall protective performance of a garment or protective clothing ensemble (3.16) relative to how it
limits the transfer of energy to the manikin surface over the defined calculation period
Note 1 to entry: In fire testing of clothing, thermal protection of a garment or ensemble can be quantified by the
measured manikin sensor (3.14) response which indicates how well the garment or protective clothing ensemble
limits heat transfer to the manikin surface. In addition to the measured sensor response, the physical response
and degradation of the garment or ensemble are observable phenomena which are associated with the manikin
sensor calculation and are useful in understanding garment or protective clothing ensemble thermal protection.
3.18
transferred energy
energy (3.5) transferred through the test item and absorbed by a manikin sensor (3.14) over the defined
calculation period
3.18.1
total transferred energy
sum of the transferred energy (3.18) of all manikin sensors (3.14) over the transferred energy calculation
period (3.18.2)
Note 1 to entry: Each manikin sensor has an associated area (3.2). It is assumed that the measured energy
transferred for each manikin sensor is uniform over this associated area. Some manikins have a sensor layout
that has the same area associated with each manikin sensor, others do not.
3.18.2
transferred energy calculation period
measurement time when transferred energy (3.18) is gathered
Note 1 to entry: See 8.2.6.
4 General
The method evaluates the thermal protective performance of the test specimen, which is either a
garment or an ensemble. The protective performance is a function of both the materials of construction
and design. The average incident heat flux is 84 kW/m with an exposure duration of 3 s to 12 s.
The product standard shall indicate the minimum exposure time and the minimum number of samples
to be tested.
The conditioned test specimen is placed on a stationary upright adult-size manikin and exposed to
a laboratory simulation of a fire with controlled heat flux, duration and flame distribution. The test
procedure, data acquisition, result calculations and preparation of the test report are performed with
computer hardware and software programs.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
Energy transferred through the test specimen during and after the exposure is measured by manikin
sensors. These measurements shall be used to calculate the total energy transferred to the surface of
the manikin and the energy transmission factor.
NOTE 1 The purpose of this test method is to measure the heat flux and calculate transferred energy. The
results can also be used to calculate the degree of predicted skin burn injury and total predicted skin burn injury
areas resulting from the exposure as described in ISO 13506-2.
Identification of the test garment, test conditions, comments and response of the test specimen to
the exposure are recorded and are included as part of the test report. The performance of the test
specimen is indicated by the calculated total transferred energy through the test specimen over the
data acquisition period, the total energy transmission factor and the way the test specimen responds to
the test exposure.
NOTE 2 This test method can be used for other purposes such as for research on fabrics and garment designs,
comparison of garment ensembles, or evaluation of any garment or ensemble to particular applications or end
use standards or specifications.
5  Apparatus
5.1  Instrumented manikin
An upright manikin, which is the shape and size of an adult human, shall be used [see Figure 2 a) and
b)]. The manikin shall be constructed to simulate the body of a human and shall consist of a head, a
chest/back, an abdomen/buttocks, arms, hands, legs and feet. The arms should be able to rotate
through a sufficient arc at the shoulder to ease the garment donning and doffing on the manikin.
NOTE 1 Figure 2 illustrates a male shape and the dimensions of Table 1 are for a male manikin. A standard
female form has not yet been determined.
The manikin shall be constructed of flame-resistant, thermally stable, non-metallic materials such as
ceramics or glass-reinforced vinyl ester resin that will not contribute to the combustion process. The
shell thickness shall be in the range of 3 mm to 6 mm other than in localized areas (e.g. joints).
NOTE 2 The manikin thickness is dependent on structural requirements needed to maintain a stable physical
form related to the thermal properties of the manikin material and it has been historically observed to affect
the operability of the manikin rather than the reproducibility of results. For example, the variance of thickness
of a manikin has been found to affect its durability due to differential thermal stresses that increase the risks of
cracking. In addition, the greater the thickness of the manikin, the longer it takes to cool. The manikin utilizes a
hollow structure to allow for the electrical wiring of the sensors.
The manikin shall not be made of a material, which may be affected by humidity or any cleaning liquid
(e.g. water, acetone, etc.), which may be used for the cleaning of the manikin sensors.
5.2  Posture of the manikin
A reproducible positioning system is required for the manikin. It may consist of pin locators in the floor,
a portable rigid positioning frame and/or light or laser beams for setting vertical orientation and arm
position.
The elbow angle between the upper and lower arm (see Figure 1) shall be set in the range of 150° to
165°. The angle of the shoulder (see Figure 1) shall be set in the range of 25° to 35° from the centreline
of the manikin. These angles apply to all manikin exposures (nude and with test items). Reference lines
and angles are identified in Figure 1.
NOTE 1 Tape can be used to increase the friction of the joints of the arm to ensure that the position is
1)
maintained during the exposure .
1) Gore® Joint Sealant is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product. Equivalent
products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
NOTE 2 Most manikins have legs that cannot move. Some manikins have a slight twist of the torso as compared
to the legs. The legs are less than 10° apart from the centre line and at the ankles, they are about 120 mm to
250 mm apart.
Key
1 angle between upper arm and lower arm
2 angle between line shoulder and hip to shoulder and elbow
Figure 1 — Definition of arm position
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
a)   Instrumented manikin and torch stands (burner system)
Figure 2 (continued)
ISO 13506-1:2017(E)
b)   Measurements for adult manikin
Key
a
Knee level.
b
Elbow level.
NOTE 1 Only six burners of the total are shown in Figure 2 a) (see 5.7.2)
NOTE 2 The instrumented manikin matches the dimensions given in Table 1 and the key to the numbers
referenced in Figure 2 b) correspond to the measurements in Table 1.
Figure 2 — Representation of an instrumented manikin
8 ©
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