SIST EN 61747-30-1:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
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SIST EN 61747-6:2005
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Liquid crystal display devices - Part 30-1: Measuring methods for liquid crystal display
modules - Transmissive type
Flüssigkristall-Anzeige-Bauelemente - Teil 30-1 Messverfahren für Flüssigkristall-
Anzeigemodule - Transmissive Ausführung
Dispositifs d'affichage a cristaux liquides - Partie 30-1: Méthodes de mesure pour les
modules d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Type transmissif
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61747-30-1:2012
ICS:
31.120 Elektronske prikazovalne Electronic display devices
naprave
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61747-30-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 31.120 Supersedes EN 61747-6:2004

English version
Liquid crystal display devices -
Part 30-1: Measuring methods for liquid crystal display modules -
Transmissive type
(IEC 61747-30-1:2012)
Dispositifs d'affichage a cristaux liquides - Flüssigkristall-Anzeige-Bauelemente -
Partie 30-1: Méthodes de mesure pour les Teil 30-1 Messverfahren für Flüssigkristall-
modules d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Anzeigemodule -
Type transmissif Transmissive Ausführung
(CEI 61747-30-1:2012) (IEC 61747-30-1:2012)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-07-30. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61747-30-1:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 110/364/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61747-30-1, prepared by IEC/TC 110
"Electronic display devices" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 61747-30-1:2012.

The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-04-30
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2015-07-30

standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61747-6:2004.
6:2004:
a) the document structure was brought in line with EN 61747-6-2; and
b) various technical and editorial changes were made.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with EN 61747-1:1999, to which it refers, which gives details of
the quality assessment procedures, the inspection requirements, screening sequences, sampling
requirements, and the test and measurement procedures required for the assessment of liquid crystal
display modules.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61747-30-1:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.

- 3 - EN 61747-30-1:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60050 Series International electrotechnical vocabulary - -

IEC 61747-1 - Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices - EN 61747-1 -
Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 61747-6-2 - Liquid crystal display devices - EN 61747-6-2 -
Part 6-2: Measuring methods for liquid crystal
display modules - Reflective type

ISO 9241-307 - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - EN ISO 9241-307 -
Part 307: Analysis and compliance test
methods for electronic visual displays

ISO 11664-2 - Colorimetry - EN ISO 11664-2 -
Part 2: CIE standard illuminants

CIE 15 2004 Colorimetry - -
IEC 61747-30-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Liquid crystal display devices –

Part 30-1: Measuring methods for liquid crystal display modules – Transmissive

type
Dispositifs d'affichage à cristaux liquides –

Partie 30-1: Méthodes de mesure pour les modules d'affichage à cristaux

liquides – Type transmissif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX X
ICS 31.120 ISBN 978-2-83220-147-3

– 2 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 9
4 Illumination and illumination geometry . 9
4.1 General comments and remarks on the measurement of transmissive LCDs . 9
4.2 Viewing-direction coordinate system . 9
4.3 Standard illumination geometries . 10
5 Standard measurement equipment and set-up . 11
5.1 Light measuring devices (LMD) . 11
5.2 Positioning and alignment . 11
5.3 Standard measurement arrangements . 11
5.3.1 LMD conditions . 11
5.3.2 Effects of receiver inclination . 11
5.4 Standard locations of measurement field . 12
5.4.1 Matrix displays . 12
5.4.2 Segment displays . 13
5.5 Standard DUT operating conditions . 13
5.5.1 General . 13
5.5.2 Standard ambient conditions . 13
5.6 Standard measuring process . 13
6 Standard measurements and evaluations . 14
6.1 Luminance – photometric . 14
6.1.1 Purpose . 14
6.1.2 Measurement equipment . 14
6.1.3 Measurement method . 14
6.1.4 Definitions and evaluations . 15
6.2 Contrast ratio . 15
6.2.1 Purpose . 15
6.2.2 Measurement equipment . 15
6.2.3 Measurement method . 15
6.2.4 Definitions and evaluations . 16
6.2.5 Specified conditions . 16
6.3 Chromaticity and reproduction of colour . 17
6.3.1 Purpose . 17
6.3.2 Measurement equipment . 17
6.3.3 Measurement method: photoelectric tristimulus colorimetry . 17
6.3.4 Measurement method spectrophotometric colorimetry . 17
6.3.5 Definitions and evaluations . 17
6.3.6 Specified conditions . 19
6.4 Viewing angle range . 19
6.4.1 Purpose . 19

61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
6.4.2 Measurement equipment . 19
6.4.3 Contrast and luminance based viewing angle range. 19
6.4.4 Viewing angle range without grey-level inversion . 20
6.4.5 Chromaticity based viewing angle range . 21
6.4.6 Visual quality-based viewing angle range . 21
6.5 Electro-optical transfer function – photometric . 22
6.5.1 Purpose . 22
6.5.2 Measurement equipment . 22
6.5.3 Measurement method . 22
6.5.4 Evaluation and representation . 22
6.6 Electro-optical transfer function – colorimetric . 23
6.6.1 Purpose . 23
6.6.2 Set-up . 23
6.6.3 Measurement method . 23
6.6.4 Definitions and evaluations . 23
6.7 Lateral variations (photometric, colorimetric) . 24
6.7.1 Purpose . 24
6.7.2 Measurement equipment . 24
6.7.3 Uniformity of luminance . 24
6.7.4 Uniformity of white . 25
6.7.5 Uniformity of chromaticity . 25
6.7.6 Uniformity of primary colours . 25
6.7.7 Cross-talk . 26
6.7.8 Mura . 28
6.7.9 Image sticking . 28
6.7.10 Specified conditions . 28
6.8 Reflectance from the active area surface . 28
6.8.1 Purpose . 28
6.8.2 Measurement equipment . 29
6.8.3 Measurement method . 29
6.8.4 Definitions and evaluation . 30
6.8.5 Specified conditions . 30
6.9 Spectral transmittance factor . 30
6.9.1 Purpose . 30
6.9.2 Measurement equipment . 31
6.9.3 Definitions and evaluation . 31
6.10 Temporal variations . 32
6.10.1 Response time . 32
6.10.2 Flicker / frame response (multiplexed displays) . 34
6.10.3 Critical flicker frequency . 36
6.10.4 Specified conditions . 36
6.11 Electrical characteristics . 37
6.11.1 Purpose . 37
6.11.2 Measurement equipment . 37
6.11.3 Measurement method . 37
6.11.4 Definitions and evaluations . 38
6.11.5 Specified conditions . 38
6.12 Warm-up characteristics . 39
6.12.1 Purpose . 39

– 4 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
6.12.2 Measurement equipment . 39
6.12.3 Measurement method . 39
6.12.4 Specified conditions . 40
Annex A (informative) Standard measuring conditions . 41
Annex B (informative) Devices for thermostatic control . 44
Annex C (informative) Measuring the electro-optical transfer function . 45
Annex D (informative) Planned future structure . 46
Bibliography . 47

Figure 1 – Representation of the viewing-direction (equivalent to the direction of
measurement) by the angle of inclination, θ and the angle of rotation (azimuth angle), φ
in a polar coordinate system . 10
Figure 2 – Shape of measuring spot on DUT for two angles of LMD inclination . 12
Figure 3 – Standard measurement positions are at the centres of all rectangles p -p . . 12
0 24
Figure 4 – Example of gray-scale inversion . 21
Figure 5 – Example of standard set-up for specular reflection measurements . 29
Figure 6 – Example of equipment for measurement of temporal variations . 32
Figure 7 – Relationship between driving signal and optical response times . 34
Figure 8 – Frequency characteristics of the integrator (response of human visual
system) . 35
Figure 9 – Example of power spectrum . 36
Figure 10 – Checker-flag pattern for current and power consumption measurements . 37
Figure 11 – Example of measuring block diagram for current and power consumption
of a liquid crystal display device. 39
Figure 12 – Example of warm-up characteristic . 40
Figure A.1 – Terminology for LMDs . 42

61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICES –

Part 30-1: Measuring methods for liquid crystal display modules –
Transmissive type
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61747-30-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110:
Electronic display devices.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 61747-6 published in 2004. This edition constitutes
a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the document structure was brought in line with 61747-6-2; and
b) various technical and editorial changes were made.

– 6 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Rapport de vote
110/364/FDIS 110/380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval on this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 61747 series, under the general title Liquid crystal display
devices, can be found on the IEC website.
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61747-1 (1998), to which it refers, which
gives details of the quality assessment procedures, the inspection requirements, screening
sequences, sampling requirements, and the test and measurement procedures required for
the assessment of liquid crystal display modules.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
In order to achieve a useful and uniform description of the performance of liquid crystal
display (LCD) devices, specifications for commonly accepted relevant parameters are put
forward. These fall into the following categories:
a) general type specification (e.g. pixel resolution, diagonal, pixel layout);
b) optical specification (e.g. contrast ratio, response time, viewing-direction, crosstalk, etc.);
c) electrical specification (e.g. power consumption, electromagnetic compatibility);
d) mechanical specification (e.g. module geometry, weight);
e) specification of passed environmental endurance test;
f) specification of reliability and hazard / safety.
In most of the cases a) to f), the specification is self-explanatory. For some specification
points however, notably in the area of optical and electrical performance, the specified value
may depend on the measuring method.
The purpose of this standard is to indicate and list the procedure-dependent parameters and
to prescribe the specific methods and conditions that are to be used for their uniform
numerical determination. It is assumed that all measurements are performed by personnel
skilled in the general art of radiometric and electrical measurements as the purpose of this
standard is not to give a detailed account of good practice in electrical and optical
experimental physics. Furthermore, it shall be assured that all equipment is suitably calibrated
as is known to people skilled in the art and records of the calibration data and traceability are
kept.
– 8 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICES –

Part 30-1: Measuring methods for liquid crystal display modules –
Transmissive type
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61747 is restricted to transmissive liquid crystal display-modules using either
segment, passive or active matrix and achromatic or colour type LCDs. Furthermore, the
transmissive modes of transflective LCD modules with backlights ON are comprised in this
document. An LCD module in combination with a touch-panel or a front-light-unit is excluded
from the scope because measurements are frequently inaccurate. Touch-panels or front-light-
units are removed before measurement. Throughout the main body of this standard, an
integrated backlight is assumed to provide the illumination for the measurements. Deviations
from this (e.g. segmented displays without integrated backlights) may usually be handled in
the same way as display modules with integrated backlight, if an external backlight is
provided. However, in the case where one of the two situations should be handled differently,
this will be specifically stated.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
)
IEC 61747-1, Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices – Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 61747-6-2, Liquid crystal display devices – Part 6-2: Measuring methods for liquid crystal
display modules – Reflective type
ISO 9241-307, Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Part 307: Analysis and compliance
test methods for electronic visual displays
ISO 11664-2 (CIE S 014-2/E:2006), Colorimetry – Part 2: CIE Standard illuminants
CIE 15-2004, Colorimetry
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-845:1987
apply.
NOTE Several points of view with respect to the preferred terminology on "monochrome", "achromatic",
"chromatic", "colour", "full-colour", etc. can be encountered in the field amongst spectroscopists, physicists, colour-
perception scientists, physical engineers and electrical engineers. In general, all LCDs demonstrate some sort of
chromaticity (e.g. as a function of viewing angle, ambient temperature or externally addressable means). Pending
detailed official description of the subject, the pre-fix pertaining to the "chromaticity" of the display will be used so

61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
as to describe the colour capability of the display that is externally (and electrically) addressable by the user. This
leads us to the following definitions (see also IEC 61747-6-2):
a) a monochrome display has no user-addressable chromaticity ("colours"). It may or may not be "black and
white" or a-chromatic;
b) a colour display has at least two user-addressable chromaticities ("colours"). A full-colour display has at least
three user addressable primary colours with at least 6 bits per primary colour (≥ 260 000 colours).
3.2 Abbreviations
CFF critical flicker frequency
CR contrast ratio
CR Plain Field Contrast Ratio
PF
DUT device under test
FFT fast Fourier transform
GSI gray-scale inversion
HXT horizontal crosstalk
LCD liquid crystal display
LMD light measuring device
LNU long range non-uniformity
PWM pulse width modulation
UCS uniform colour space
VAR viewing angle range
VXT vertical crosstalk
XT crosstalk
4 Illumination and illumination geometry
4.1 General comments and remarks on the measurement of transmissive LCDs
Transmissive LCDs often make use of their own integrated source of backlight illumination to
display visual information. It is difficult to achieve the required significance and reproducibility
of the results of measurements because of the close coupling between the backlight
illumination system, the LMD and DUT. In the cases where the backlight unit is not static,
care shall be taken that the behaviour of the backlight is known, and measurements are taken
making sure there is no interference between backlight temporal variations (e.g. by PWM
signal or dynamic backlight), DUT addressing frequency and LMD sampling frequency. The
luminance and colour of the backlight at the moment of measurement shall be specified and
backlight operation shall be static and stable during the period of measurement.
The temporal drift in backlight luminance shall be less than 5 % of the stabilized value per
hour and less than 1 % of the stabilized value per minute. Care shall be taken that the
temperature of the DUT has stabilized and is not affected by the backlight illumination system.
Constant and correct temperature of the DUT should be verified.
If no built-in lightsource is used, the backlight luminance or backlight illuminance of the
arrangement used for illumination of the DUT shall be constant within ± 1 %, and shall not
exhibit short-term fluctuations (e.g. ripple, PWM, etc.).This should be realized by an
equilibration period of 5 min to 10 min. Constant and correct temperature of the DUT should
be verified.
4.2 Viewing-direction coordinate system
The viewing-direction is the direction under which the observer looks at the spot of interest on
the DUT. During the measurement the light-measuring device is replacing the observer,
looking from the same direction at a specified spot (i.e. measuring spot, measurement field)

– 10 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
on the DUT. The viewing-direction is conveniently defined by two angles: the angle of
inclination θ (related to the surface normal of the DUT) and the angle of rotation φ (also called
azimuth angle) as illustrated in Figure 1. The azimuth angle is related with the directions on a
watch-dial as follows: φ = 0° is referred to as the 3 o'clock direction ("right"), φ = 90° as the 12
o'clock direction ("top"), φ = 180° as the 9 o'clock direction ("left") and φ = 270° as the
6 o'clock direction ("bottom").

IEC  1101/12
Figure 1 – Representation of the viewing-direction
(equivalent to the direction of measurement) by the angle of inclination,
θ and the angle of rotation (azimuth angle), φ in a polar coordinate system
4.3 Standard illumination geometries
Transmissive LCD modules often have built-in light sources. The built-in light source, the
relative position between the built-in light source and the DUT, and the relative position
between the DUT and the measurement equipment are restricted. Each system is positioned
in a dark measuring room. The illuminance on the DUT not originating from the built-in light
source shall be less than 1 lx and shall be less than the light level that significantly affects the
measurement results.
Throughout this standard it is assumed the DUT is provided with its own, integrated backlight.
However, if the DUT is not equipped with its own source of illumination (backlight), external
illumination shall be provided in one of the following ways:
a) By means of an externally applied diffuse light source with specified (spatial and
angular distribution of) luminance and spectrum, placed behind the DUT. This is used,
for example, for measurements on direct view displays.
b) By means of a point lightsource (a geometrically small, homogeneous light source).
lightsource, measurement spot and detector shall be aligned, and the focus of the
detector shall be on the measurement spot on the DUT.
c) By means of an externally applied directional light source with calibrated spatial
uniformity of illumination at the plane of the DUT, full opening angle of illumination at
the location of the measuring spot in the plane of the DUT of less than 30°, and (if
needed) calibrated spectral intensity distribution in the visible wavelength range. (This
is mostly used for measurements on projection-display modules).
In all three cases, records of the lightsource (intensity distribution, temporal stability, opening
angle, etc.) and its distance to the DUT shall be added to the detail specification. Use of light
sources as close to illuminant D65 as possible is recommended

61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
5 Standard measurement equipment and set-up
5.1 Light measuring devices (LMD)
The light measuring devices (LMDs) used for evaluation of the optical properties of
transmissive LCDs shall be checked for the following criteria and specified accordingly:
• sensitivity of the measured quantity to polarization of light;
• errors caused by veiling glare and lens flare (i.e. stray light in optical system);
• timing of data-acquisition, low-pass filtering and aliasing-effects;
• linearity of detection and data-conversion.
5.2 Positioning and alignment
The LMD shall be positioned relative to the measurement field on the DUT in such a way as to
be able to adjust the direction of measurement (viewing-direction) and to adjust the distance
from the centre of the measuring spot to assure an angular aperture of smaller than 5°. Such
adjustment can be realized with a mechanical system (often motorized) and alternatively with
an appropriate optical system (conoscopic optics) as described in e.g. [2] .
5.3 Standard measurement arrangements
5.3.1 LMD conditions
If the angular aperture of the LMD is not specified, it can be calculated using the distance of
the LMD to the measurement field and the aperture of the LMD (acceptance area) (see Figure
A.1).
When measuring matrix displays the LMD should be set to a circular or rectangular field of
view that includes more than 500 pixels on the display under normal observation (the
standard measurement direction). The total angular aperture of detection by the LMD shall be
less than 2°. This can be obtained by use of a measuring distance between the LMD and
display area centre of 50 cm (recommended) and a diameter of the detector acceptance area
of 4 cm. For low-resolution matrix displays, the number of pixels in the field of view may be
lower than 500. Here, a minimum of 9 pixels is recommended. In case of measuring segment
displays, the field of view should be set to a single segment, and not include any of its
surroundings.
5.3.2 Effects of receiver inclination
When the measuring setup comprises an adjustable LMD for measurement and evaluation of
variations with viewing-direction, it has to be taken into account that the LMD "sees" different
parts of the DUT at different angles of inclination. An initially circular measuring spot (when
the DUT is viewed or measured from normal, i.e., θ = 0°) becomes elliptical when the LMD is
inclined away from the normal direction (θ > 0°), as shown in Figure 2. The short axis of the
ellipse (here: vertical) remains constant with the plane of inclination being horizontal
(e.g. φ = 0° or 180°).
___________
Numbers in brackets refer to the Bibliography.
The official definition of pixel is used which may or may not include a multitude of constituent subpixels / dots
(see the future IEC 61747-1-2).

– 12 – 61747-30-1 © IEC:2012
IEC  1102/12
Figure 2 – Shape of measuring spot on DUT for two angles of LMD inclination
Two effects have to be considered when the LMD is adjustable. The increasing size of the
measuring spot with angle of inclination shall not include:
• unwanted parts of the DUT (e.g. non-active parts of a display with segment-layout); or
• parts illuminated in a different way.
Both size and location of the measurement field have to be selected that these conditions are
fulfilled and they have to be specified accordingly.
5.4 Standard locations of measurement field
5.4.1 Matrix displays
IEC  1103/12
NOTE Height (V) and width (H) of each rectangle are 20 % of display height and width respectively.
Figure 3 – Standard measurement positions are at the centres of all rectangles p -p .
0 24
Luminance, spectral distribution and/or tristimulus measurements may be taken at several
specified positions on the DUT surface. To this end, the front view of the display is divided

61747-30-1 © IEC:2012 – 13 –
into 25 identical imaginary rectangles, according to Figure 3. Unless otherwise specified,
measurements are carried out in the centre of each rectangle. Care shall be taken that the
measuring spots on the display do not overlap. Positioning of the measuring spot on the thus
prescribed positions in the x and y direction shall be to within 7 % of H and V respectively
(where H and V denote the dimensions of the active display area in the x and y direction
respectively).
While scanning the position of the measuring spot over the surface of the DUT, the viewing
direction (defined by angles θ and φ) shall not change.
Any deviation from the above-described standard positions shall be added to the detail
specification.
5.4.2 Segment displays
Standard measurement positions are the same as those prescribed for matrix displays above.
However, for segment displays, all measurements shall be performed at the centre of a
segment and the chosen segment should be as close as possible to the centre of the
(i = 0 to 24) are requested,
designated rectangle. Thus, when measurements on position p
i
the geometrical centre of the segment closest to the centre of box p should be used for
i
positioning of the detector.
Any deviation from the above-described standard positions shall be added to the detail
specification.
5.5 Standard DUT operating conditions
5.5.1 General
Due to the physics of LCDs almost all optical properties of these devices vary with the
direction of observation (i.e. viewing-direction). Therefore it should be understood that for the
determination of several of the parameters below, good (mechanical) control and specification
of the viewing direction is necessary. Also, the distance between the light measuring device
and the measuring spot on the DUT has to remain constant for all viewing-directions.
The module being tested shall be physically prepared for testing. It should be thermostatically
controlled for stable operation of liquid crystal display devices during a specified period being
less than one hour. If the control period is less than one hour, stable temperature shall be
verified and reported for at least the centre of the DUT. Testing shall be conducted under
nominal conditions of input voltage, current, etc. Any deviation from the standard device
operation conditions shall be added to the detail specification.
5.5.2 Standard ambient conditions
5.5.2.1 Standard measuring environmental conditions
Measurements shall be carried out, after sufficient warm-up time for illumination sources and
DUTs (see 6.12) under the standard environmental conditions, at a temperature of
25 °C ± 3 °C, at a relative humidity of 25 % to 85 %, and at an atmospheric pressure of
86 kPa to 106 kPa. When different environmental conditions are used, they shall be noted in
the detail specification.
5.6 Standard measuring process
The standard measuring process comprises the following basic steps:
a) Preparation of the measurement equipment and set-up, of the DUT and of the ambient
conditions to assure the specified standard values and stabilities. Whenever the actual
conditions differ from the standard conditions, this shall be noted in the detail
specification and the values actually used shall be specified in the detail specification.

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b) While assuring the usual care required in an optical metrology laboratory, the sample
luminance shall be
...