SIST EN ISO 19117:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 19117:2006
Geografske informacije - Prikazi in opisi geografskih podatkov (ISO 19117:2012)
Geographic information - Portrayal (ISO 19117:2012)
Geoinformation - Präsentation (ISO 19117:2012)
Information géographique - Présentation (ISO 19117:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19117:2014
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19117
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2014
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19117:2006
English Version
Geographic information - Portrayal (ISO 19117:2012)
Information géographique - Présentation (ISO 19117:2012) Geoinformation - Darstellung (ISO 19117:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19117:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
The text of ISO 19117:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic
information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over
as EN ISO 19117:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19117:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19117:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19117:2014 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19117
Second edition
2012-12-15
Geographic information — Portrayal
Information géographique — Présentation

Reference number
ISO 19117:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 19117:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1  Scope . 1
2  Conformance . 1
3  Normative references . 2
4  Terms and definitions . 2
5  Abbreviated terms . 6
6  Portrayal mechanism . 6
6.1  Introduction . 6
6.2  Portrayal functions . 8
6.3  Portray nothing . 10
6.4  Default portrayal . 10
6.5  Annotation . 10
6.6  Overview of portrayal . 10
7  Package — ISO 19117 Portrayal . 11
7.1  Introduction . 11
7.2  Symbol structure . 12
8  Package – Portrayal Core . 17
8.1  Package semantics . 17
8.2  Package – Portrayal Function . 18
8.3  Package – Symbol . 23
8.4  Package – Portrayal Catalogue . 41
9  Package – Portrayal Extensions . 43
9.1  Package semantics . 43
9.2  Package – Conditional Function Extension . 43
9.3  Package – Context Extension . 46
9.4  Package – Compound Symbol Extension . 50
9.5  Package – Complex Symbol Extension . 59
9.6  Package – Reusable Symbol Component Extension . 65
9.7  Package – Symbol Parameter Extension . 69
9.8  Package – Function Symbol Parameter Extension . 75
10  Basic implementation package . 81
10.1  Package – Feature Data Model . 81
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 83
Annex B (informative) Rules-based portrayal functions . 87
Annex C (informative) Enterprise view of portrayal . 89
Bibliography . 95

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19117 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19117:2005), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema for portrayal data, in particular symbols and
portrayal functions. Portrayal functions associate features with symbols for the portrayal of the features on
maps and other display media. This schema includes classes, attributes, associations and operations that
provide a common conceptual framework that specifies the structure of and interrelationships between
features, portrayal functions, and symbols. It separates the content of the data from the portrayal of that data,
to allow the data to be portrayed in a manner independent of the dataset. This framework is derived from
concepts found in existing portrayal implementations, and specifies a conceptual standard for use in future
implementations (for example OGC Symbology Encoding and Styled Layer Descriptor Profile of WMS).
This International Standard provides an abstract model for developers of portrayal systems so that they can
implement a system with the flexibility to portray geographic data to a user community in a manner that makes
sense to that community.
The principal changes in this revision are to expand the concept of portrayal rules to more generic portrayal
functions, include definitions for symbols (including parameterized symbols), include both portrayal functions
and symbols in portrayal catalogues, and define a core portrayal schema, and extensions for specialized
cases.
This revision for the most part expands on the concepts in ISO 19117:2005, but concepts for portrayal
specifications (as a symbol instead of an operation), portrayal catalogue (also includes symbols), and
rules-based portrayal (multiple rules allowed) have been changed.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19117:2012(E)

Geographic information — Portrayal
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema for describing symbols, portrayal functions that
map geospatial features to symbols, and the collection of symbols and portrayal functions into portrayal
catalogues. This conceptual schema can be used in the design of portrayal systems. It allows feature data to
be separate from portrayal data, permitting data to be portrayed in a dataset independent manner.
This International Standard is not applicable to the following:
 standard symbol collection (e.g. International Chart 1 – IHO);
 a standard for symbol graphics (e.g. scalable vector graphics [SVG]);
 portrayal services (e.g. web map service);
 capability for non-visual portrayal (e.g. aural symbology);
 dynamic rendering (e.g. on the fly contouring of tides);
 portrayal finishing rules (e.g. generalization, resolve overprinting, displacement rules);
 3D symbolization (e.g. simulation modeling).
2 Conformance
Any portrayal catalogue, portrayal function and symbol describing the portrayal of geographic information
claiming conformance with this International Standard shall pass the relevant tests of the abstract test suite
presented in Annex A, and those portrayal extension requirements that are applicable to the extension or
extensions being used.
Conformance classes are defined for the portrayal core, and the core plus extensions. These extensions
provide additional functionality, and are not mutually exclusive of each other.
Core portrayal conformance classes
Conformance class – portrayal core (general)
Conformance class – portrayal core – symbol
Conformance class – portrayal core – portrayal function
Conformance class – portrayal core – portrayal catalogue
Portrayal function extension conformance classes
Conformance class – portrayal core plus conditional function extension
Conformance class – portrayal core plus context extension
ISO 19117:2012(E)
Conformance class – portrayal core plus function symbol parameter extension
Symbol extension conformance classes
Conformance class – portrayal core plus compound symbol extension
Conformance class – portrayal core plus complex symbol extension
Conformance class – portrayal core plus reusable symbol component extension
Conformance class – portrayal core plus symbol parameter extension
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19109:2005, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19110:2005, Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing
ISO 19111:2007, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by coordinates
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation
ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified Modeling Language
(UML) Version 1.4.2
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
annotation
any marking on illustrative material for the purpose of clarification
Note 1 to entry: Numbers, letters, symbols (4.31), and signs are examples of annotation.
4.2
class
description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships and
semantics
Note 1 to entry: A class may use a set of interfaces to specify collections of operations it provides to its environment.
See: interface.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19103:2005, definition 4.27]
4.3
complex symbol
symbol (4.31) composed of other symbols of different types
EXAMPLE A dashed line symbol with a point (4.19) symbol repeated at an interval.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
4.4
compound symbol
symbol (4.31) composed of other symbols of the same type
EXAMPLE A point (4.19) symbol that is composed of two point graphics.
4.5
conditional feature portrayal function
function (4.11) that maps a geographic feature (4.8) to a symbol (4.31) based on some condition evaluated
against a property or attribute of a feature
4.6
curve
1-dimensional geometric primitive (4.13), representing the continuous image of a line
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.23]
4.7
dataset
identifiable collection of data
Note 1 to entry: A dataset may be a smaller grouping of data which, though limited by some constraint such as spatial
extent or feature (4.8) type, is located physically within a larger dataset. Theoretically, a dataset may be as small as a
single feature or feature attribute (4.9) contained within a larger dataset. A hardcopy map or chart may be considered a
dataset.
[SOURCE: ISO 19115:2003, definition 4.2]
4.8
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature may occur as a type or an instance (4.14). Feature type or feature instance shall be used
when only one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11]
4.9
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature (4.8)
EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named “colour” may have an attribute value “green” which belongs to the data type
“text”.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named “length” may have an attribute value “82.4” which belongs to the data type
“real”.
Note 1 to entry: A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for
a feature instance (4.14) also has an attribute value taken from the value domain.
Note 2 to entry: In a feature catalogue, a feature attribute may include a value domain but does not specify attribute
values for feature instances.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.12]
4.10
feature portrayal function
function (4.11) that maps a geographic feature (4.8) to a symbol (4.31)
ISO 19117:2012(E)
4.11
function
rule that associates each element from a domain (source, or domain of the function) to a unique element in
another domain (target, co-domain, or range)
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.41]
4.12
geographic information
information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.16]
4.13
geometric primitive
geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.48]
4.14
instance
object that realizes a class (4.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.53]
4.15
layer
basic unit of geographic information (4.12) that may be requested as a map from a server
[SOURCE: ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.6]
4.16
metadata
data about data
[SOURCE: ISO 19115:2003, definition 4.5]
4.17
parameterized feature portrayal function
function (4.11) that maps a geographic feature (4.8) to a parameterized symbol (4.18)
Note 1 to entry: A parameterized feature portrayal function (4.10) passes the relevant attribute values from the
feature instance (4.14) for use as input to the parameterized symbol (4.31).
4.18
parameterized symbol
symbol (4.31) that has dynamic parameters
Note 1 to entry: The dynamic parameters map to the attribute values of each feature (4.8) instance (4.14) being
portrayed.
4.19
point
0-dimensional geometric primitive (4.13), representing a position
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.61]
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
4.20
portrayal
presentation of information to humans
Note 1 to entry: Within the scope of this International Standard, portrayal is restricted to the portrayal of geographic
information.
4.21
portrayal catalogue
collection of defined portrayals (4.20) for a feature (4.8) catalogue
Note 1 to entry: Content of a portrayal catalogue includes portrayal functions (4.23), symbols (4.31), and portrayal
context (4.22) (optional).
4.22
portrayal context
circumstances, imposed by factors extrinsic to a geographic dataset (4.7), that affect the portrayal (4.20) of
that dataset
EXAMPLE Factors contributing to portrayal context can include the proposed display or map scale, the viewing
conditions (day/night/dusk), and the display orientation requirements (north not necessarily at the top of the screen or
page) among others.
Note 1 to entry: Portrayal context can influence the selection of portrayal functions (4.23) and construction of
symbols (4.31).
4.23
portrayal function
function (4.11) that maps geographic features (4.8) to symbols (4.31)
Note 1 to entry: Portrayal (4.20) functions can also include parameters and other computations that are not
dependent on geographic feature properties.
4.24
portrayal function set
function (4.11) that maps a feature (4.8) catalogue to a symbol set (4.35)
4.25
portrayal rule
specific type of portrayal function (4.23) expressed in a declarative language
Note 1 to entry: A declarative language is rule-based and includes decision and branching statements.
4.26
portrayal service
generic interface used to portray features (4.8)
4.27
render
conversion of digital graphics data into visual form
EXAMPLE Generation of an image on a video display.
4.28
simple symbol
symbol (4.31) that is neither compound nor parameterized
ISO 19117:2012(E)
4.29
spatial attribute
feature attribute (4.9) describing the spatial representation of the feature (4.8) by coordinates, mathematical
functions (4.11) and/or boundary topology relationships
4.30
surface
2-dimensional geometric primitive (4.13), locally representing a continuous image of a region of a plane
[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.75]
4.31
symbol
portrayal (4.20) primitive that can be graphic, audible, or tactile in nature, or a combination of these
4.32
symbol component
symbol (4.31) that is used as a piece of a compound symbol (4.4)
4.33
symbol definition
technical description of a symbol (4.31)
4.34
symbol reference
pointer in a feature portrayal function (4.10) that associates the feature type with a specific symbol (4.31)
4.35
symbol set
collection of symbols (4.31)
Note 1 to entry: Symbol sets are usually designed for a community of interest to portray information of interest to the
community.
5 Abbreviated terms
CRS Coordinate Reference System
URL Uniform Resource Locator
UML Unified Modeling Language (ISO 19501)
6 Portrayal mechanism
6.1 Introduction
This International Standard is organized as a core portrayal model and a series of extensions.
The core portrayal model uses portrayal functions to map geospatial features to symbols. A portrayal function
set maps a feature catalogue to a symbol set. A Feature Portrayal Function maps a geospatial feature to a
symbol. A Portrayal Catalogue that can be used to transmit symbols and portrayal functions is also a part of
the portrayal core.
There are two extensions to the portrayal function. The Conditional Function Extension extends the basic
portrayal function to enable conditions to be applied in the function. Conditions can test for feature attributes,
geometry, and other properties of the feature. The Context Extension extends the basic portrayal function to
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
enable contextual information such as display scale, viewing conditions, and other factors external to the
application schema of the geospatial dataset to be utilized in portrayal functions.
The core symbol model provides for the definition of a basic symbol, which includes building up a symbol
made from multiple components. There are three extensions of the symbol model, the Compound Symbol
Extension (9.4), the Complex Symbol Extension (9.5), and the Reusable Symbol Component Extension (9.6)
that allow a symbol to be stored at an external URL.
Finally, symbols can be parameterized by use of a Symbol Parameter Extension, and a Function Symbol
Parameter Extension. Whereas conditional extensions allow a portrayal function to point to a specific symbol
based on an attribute condition, the parameterized symbol uses feature attribute information as input to a
symbol definition. The Function Symbol Parameter Extension allows that feature attribute information to be
passed to the symbol by the Feature Portrayal Function.
This International Standard defines a feature-centred function-based portrayal mechanism. Instances of
features are portrayed based on portrayal functions, which make use of geometry and attribute information.
The relationship between the feature instances, attributes and the underlying spatial geometry is specified in
an application schema according to ISO 19109. Spatial geometry and associated topological relationships are
defined in ISO 19107.
Portrayal information is needed to portray a dataset containing geographic data. The portrayal information is
handled as symbol references selected according to specific portrayal functions. The portrayal mechanism
makes it possible to portray the same dataset in different ways without altering the dataset itself.
The portrayal mechanism is illustrated by Figure 1.
Portrayal Symbol Rendering Output
Feature
Engine Reference Engine Portrayal
Data
(e.g. G M L)
Portrayal Symbol
Function Definitions
Figure 1 — Portrayal mechanism
The symbol definitions and portrayal function shall not be part of the dataset. The portrayal functions and
symbol shall be able to be transferred in a portrayal catalogue. The symbols shall be referenced from
portrayal functions. The feature portrayal functions shall be specified for the feature class or feature instances
they will be applied on. The symbol definitions may be stored externally and referenced using a universal
reference standard such as a network based URL. Portrayal information may be specified either by sending a
portrayal catalogue with the dataset, or by referencing an existing portrayal catalogue from metadata.
In addition, the user may want to apply a user defined portrayal function and symbol definition. The model in
Figure 2 shows how the portrayal catalogue is referenced by the dataset metadata. Only the metadata
reference is shown and not the contents of the portrayal catalogue (see ISO 19115).
ISO 19117:2012(E)
Metadata entity set information::
MD_Metadata
0.*
+portrayalCatalogueInfo 0.*
MD_PortrayalCatalogueReference
+ portrayal Catal ogueCi tati on[1.*]: CI_Ci tati on

Figure 2 — UML model of the portrayal part of ISO 19115
6.2 Portrayal functions
A function is a rule that associates each element from a domain (source, or domain of the function) to a
unique element in another domain (target, co-domain, or range) (ISO 19107]. In the portrayal of geographic
information, a portrayal function can be considered as the assignment of a symbol instance to each
geographic feature instance in a geographic dataset.
A function from a set A into a set B is defined as a rule that assigns to each element a  A a unique element b
 B [4]. The set A is called the domain of the function while the set B is called the codomain. The subset of
the codomain B that is assigned to from the domain A by the function f is called the range of f (see Figure 3).
Se t A Set B
dom ain of f codomain of f
Function f
b
b
a
b = f(a )
4 1
a
b
b = f(a )
5 2
b = f(a )
a
3 6 3
a
b = f(a ) = f(a )
7 4 5
range of f
a
Figure 3 — Mapping from set A to set B
A geographic feature in a dataset is a member in the set of the domain. The geographic dataset is the domain.
A symbol is a member in the set of the codomain. Those symbols that are actually assigned to a feature by
the portrayal function are the range of the domain. Similar to features, symbols can be templates
(corresponding to feature types) or instances. A symbol is a template defining, for example, the symbol used
to represent a bridge, and a symbol is an instance defining, for example, the symbol that represents the
Chesapeake Bay Bridge on a map.
The portrayal function is illustrated in the following equations. If domain G = a set of geographic features and
codomain S = a set of symbols, then the function
 :GS
is the portrayal function that maps geographic features to symbols.
If k is a feature type, and there is a function
tG: G
k
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
that maps geographic feature instances to geographic feature types, then the function
 :GS
kk
is a feature type dependent portrayal function or a feature portrayal function.
If i is a specific symbol definition, then the function
i
 :GS
kk i
is the feature portrayal function for a symbol definition. A portrayal function set is a set of feature portrayal
functions, over all feature types in a dataset.
Ф
A
Ф
B
a
Ф
B
B
A
b
Ф
Ф B
C
C
Ф
E
E
Ф
D
D
Ф
H
H
Ф
G
G
Ф
F
F
Ф
K K
Ф
I I
Ф
J
J
Ф
Figure 4 — Portrayal functions
Figure 4 illustrates the mapping of the portrayal function set  and its component feature portrayal functions
 –  . The set on the left represents the domain of the function, collecting feature instances (black dots) of
A K
a dataset. This set is divided into subsets by feature type, labelled A – K. The set on the right is the range of
the function and is the collection of symbols to which the features on the left are mapped. Each feature
portrayal function maps the instances of a feature type to a single symbol except for B which maps the
instances of type B conditionally to one of two symbols.
Geographic features have properties, and so do symbols. Portrayal functions can also map feature properties
to symbol properties.
Portrayal functions may also consider the context or parameters and other computations that are not
dependent on the feature properties, or are external to the geospatial dataset's application schema in
association of symbols to geographic features. This is particularly important where the portrayal context may
determine symbolization. Information such as viewing conditions, medium, and rendering scale may influence
symbolization and are thus part of the context. The context may determine which portrayal function to apply
but may also be used as input to the portrayal function to achieve the same result. In the former case, a
condition attached to the function is used to test the function's applicability to a context. In the latter case,
ISO 19117:2012(E)
multiple, conceptually separate functions are combined into one using the context to choose symbolization in
the function. These two approaches may also be combined, using the context to select a portrayal function
and then using the context in the function to choose symbolization.
The portrayal function is analogous to a schema mapping from the application schema of the geospatial
dataset to the application schema defined by the collection of symbol definitions that are available to portray
the dataset. Application schema mapping is broader in applicability than just geospatial information portrayal,
and therefore will not be addressed as a requirement in this International Standard.
A portrayal rule is a specific type of portrayal function that is expressed in some declarative language (rule
language with an if/else, switch/case, etc.). Portrayal rules (a rules-based portrayal function) were described in
a general sense in the previous version of this International Standard (ISO 19117:2005). An elementary
portrayal rules-based portrayal function is defined in Annex B of this International Standard to provide users
with a basic schema mapping method if they choose to use it, but since portrayal rules are not the only way to
define a portrayal function, it is not a mandatory part of this International Standard.
6.3 Portray nothing
For a feature instance that is not to be portrayed, a feature portrayal function shall map to an empty symbol,
i.e. a symbol with no symbol components.
6.4 Default portrayal
The default symbol shall be applied according to at least one of the spatial attributes of the feature instance,
and shall only be applied when no feature portrayal function is applicable for a feature instance.
A default symbol reference shall be present to ensure that no feature instance is left unportrayed by mistake.
The provider of the portrayal function set specifies the value of the default symbol reference but shall not
portray nothing (6.3). Contextual information shall not be used in the default symbol definition. If the
application fails to portray the data for some reason, the failure shall be handled by the application.
6.5 Annotation
The information that is to be portrayed shall be defined in an application schema. Typically there are two types
of information included in a dataset: geographic information and annotation. Annotation includes text, grids,
legends and special features such as a compass rose.
6.6 Overview of portrayal
Portrayal is illustrated by Figure 5. The diagram is not part of the portrayal schema and not for implementation.
It is intended as an explanatory aid only.
10 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Spatial data set in Data for feature portrayal
com pliance with (i.e. portrayal catalogue)
application schem a
Portrayal context
Feature portrayal function
Feature
Association
Association
with feature
with sym bol
Symbol
Figure 5 — Overview of portrayal
The portrayal catalogue consists of the feature portrayal functions, and symbols as shown in Figure 5. To
produce different products, several portrayal catalogues may exist, portraying one or more datasets. Dataset
is explained in ISO 19109. The portrayal catalogue relates to one or more symbols, and one symbol may be
used in one or more portrayal catalogues.
7 Package — ISO 19117 Portrayal
7.1 Introduction
This International Standard presents a conceptual schema for describing portrayal functions, symbols, and
symbol collections, all intended for use in the portrayal of geographic data. The conceptual schema is
specified using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) (ISO 19501), following the guidance of ISO/TS 19103.
The schema is contained in a series of UML packages, defining the portrayal core, and extensions for
conditional functions, context, compound symbols, complex symbols, reusable symbol components,
parameterized symbols and the portrayal functions that use parameterized symbols. The Portrayal Catalogue
package specializes the Feature Cataloguing package for portrayal. The Portrayal Function package defines a
root for the mapping of features to symbols and several specializations. The Presentation package defines a
root for presentation and several specializations. Classes in the packages of this schema are derived from
classes included in this schema as well as classes included in the package Catalogues (ISO/TS 19139)
carrying the prefix “CT_”. Classes in the packages of this schema reference and use as data types classes
included in this schema as well as classes included in the packages Basic Types (ISO/TS 19103), Feature
Cataloguing (ISO 19110) carrying the prefix “FC_”, Coordinate Reference Systems (ISO 19111) carrying the
prefix “SC_”, Citation and responsible party information (ISO 19115) carrying the prefix “CI_”, Identification
information (ISO 19115) carrying the prefix “MD_”, and Reference system information (ISO 19115) also
carrying the prefix “MD_”.
Names of classes included in these packages carry the prefixes “PF_” for the portrayal function related
classes and “SY_” for the symbol related classes.
ISO 19117:2012(E)
ISO 19115:2005 Metadata (Corrigendum) ISO 19139 Metadata XML implementation ISO 19111 Referencing by Coordinates
Portrayal Core
Portrayal Catalogue
ISO 19103:2005 Schema Language
ISO 19110 Feature Cataloguing
Portrayal Function Symbol
Portrayal Extensions
Context Extension Conditional Function Extension Complex Symbol Extension Compound Symbol Extension
Function Symbol Parameter Extension Symbol Parameter Extension Reusable Symbol Component Extension

Figure 6 — Package structure with dependencies
7.2 Symbol structure
7.2.1 Introduction
Symbols can be almost infinite in variety and are defined in several different ways. Symbols can be composed
of several graphic elements or geometries.
7.2.2 Simple symbols
Simple symbols are included in the portrayal core. Point symbols typically have a single graphic icon, located
at one geographic point, with a symbol origin that defines the relationship between the icon and the
geographic position of the feature that the icon represents. An example of a simple point symbol might be a
black square that represents a building.

Figure 7 — Example symbol: black square representing a building
The point symbol can also be composed of text. The point text is based on a single geographic coordinate. An
example might be a label indicating numerous lakes.
Numerous
lakes
Figure 8 — Example symbol: text label indicating numerous lakes
Line symbols are typically represented by a line that follows a geometric curve. An example is using a line to
symbolize a river.
12 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Figure 9 — Example symbol: solid line symbolizing a river
Line symbols can sometimes have point components associated with it, on one or both ends. An example of
this kind of symbol might be a line symbol for a footbridge with wing ticks on both ends.

Figure 10 — Example symbol: solid line with wing ticks on both ends symbolizing a footbridge
Line symbols may also be composed of text. An example might be a name label for a region on a map that is
spread out along a line.
Figure 11 — Example symbol: text flowing along curve labelling a region
Area symbols are typically symbolized by an area fill or colour that fills up the extent of an areal feature. An
example might be a forest on a topographic map.

Figure 12 — Example symbol: area fill colour symbolizing a forest
Sometimes the area symbol has a boundary and a fill. An example might be a symbol for a lake, in which both
the water body and shoreline are symbolized.

Figure 13 — Example symbol: area with boundary and fill symbolizing a water body and shoreline
Sometimes a point icon graphic is placed inside the area symbol to further illustrate the symbol. An area
symbol may have area, line and point components, for example a symbol for a dangerous wreck.

Figure 14 — Example symbol: area symbol with area, line and point components symbolizing a
dangerous wreck
ISO 19117:2012(E)
7.2.3 Compound symbols
To enable the reuse of graphic components and to build more complex symbols, some symbols may be
composed of more than one graphic component of the same type. An example of a compound point symbol
might be a school symbol, shown by a black square with a flag on top.

Figure 15 — Example symbol: point symbol composed of black square and flag symbolizing a school
A common example of a compound line symbol is a cased road, in which a narrow line is superimposed over
a wider line of a different colour.

Figure 16 — Example symbol: cased line symbolizing a road
A compound area symbol uses complex symbols and is described later.
Each of these compound symbols may also show text components.
Beverly Farm s
Elem entary School
Figure 17 — Example symbol: compound point symbol with text component symbolizing a school
H ighw a y A-12
Figure 18 — Example symbol: compound line symbol with text component symbolizing a road
7.2.4 Complex symbols
Complex symbols are made up from various types of component symbols. These include line symbols with
repeated point symbols, pattern filled area symbols, and cross-hatched area symbols.
An example of a line symbol with repeated points might be a boundary to an anchorage area, where the
anchor point icons are repeated at intervals along a boundary line.
AREA A
Figure 19 — Example symbol: complex line symbol with anchor point icons repeated along a line
symbolizing a boundary to an anchorage area
An example of a pattern fill might be a swamp symbol, in which the grass pattern is tiled and repeated over
the area of the swamp.
14 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19117:2012(E)
Piermont
Marsh
Figure 20 — Example symbol: complex area symbol with grass pattern is tile symbolizing a swamp
An example of a cross-hatch area fill might be a symbol for a filtration bed.
Filtration bed
Figure 2
...