SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gozdarski stroji - Stroji z lastnim pogonom - Varnostne zahteveForstmaschinen - Selbstfahrer - SicherheitsanforderungenMachines forestières - Machines automotrices - Prescriptions de securitéForest machinery - Self propelled machinery - Safety requirements65.060.80Gozdarska opremaForestry equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14861:2004+A1:2009SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010en,fr01-februar-2010SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14861:2004+A1
October 2009 ICS 65.060.80 Supersedes EN 14861:2004English Version
Forest machinery - Self propelled machinery - Safety requirements
Machines forestières - Machines automotrices - Prescriptions de securité
Forstmaschinen - Selbstfahrer - SicherheitsanforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 15 September 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14861:2004+A1:2009: ESIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .30Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .74Safety requirements and/or protective measures .74.1General .74.1.1General design guidelines .74.1.2Safety distances, guards and shields .74.2Operator station .84.2.1Operator space envelope .84.2.2Structures for operator protection .84.2.3Seat .94.2.4Operator environment .94.3Access to operator’s station and maintenance locations .94.4Visibility . 114.5Warning alarm . 114.6Lighting . 114.6.1Working lights . 114.6.2Instrument and monitor lights . 114.6.3Operator station and maintenance lighting . 124.7Controls . 124.7.1Engine stop control . 124.7.2 Other controls . 124.8Starting . 134.8.1Transmission neutral start . 134.8.2Bypass start protection . 134.8.3Unauthorized starting or movement of machines . 134.9Braking systems . 134.10Steering systems . 134.11Winches . 134.12Retrieval, tie down and machine lifting devices . 134.13Stability . 144.14Automatic processing systems . 144.15Electromagnetic compatibility . 144.16Fire risks . 144.17Storage places . 144.18Maintenance . 155Information for use . 155.1Instruction handbook . 155.2Marking . 165.3Warnings . 17Annex A (normative)
List of significant hazards . 18Annex ZA (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"""" . 22Annex ZB (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"""" . 23 SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14861:2004+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2009-09-15. This document supersedes EN 14861:2004. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 4 0 Introduction This document is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 5
1 Scope This document deals with all common significant hazards, hazardous situations and events of the following forestry machinery: fellers, bunchers, delimbers, forwarders, log loaders, skidders, processors and harvesters as defined in ISO 6814 and also multi-function versions of these machines, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, see Clause 4. The machines listed can be of the mobile, ride-on or self-propelled type or a combination of these types.
The following significant hazards are excluded:  thrown objects, that may occur on a particular machine,  noise,  vibration. NOTE Noise clauses including a noise test code will be developed as an amendment to this document.
The use of this document will therefore not alone be sufficient to cover all significant risks for a majority of machines covered by this document. The list of significant hazards dealt with in this document is given in normative Annex A. This Annex is the list of significant hazards that have been identified as common to the covered mobile, ride-on and self-propelled forestry machines. It is not applicable to environmental hazards. This document is not applicable to machines, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery – Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery – Terminology. EN 12643:1997, Earth-moving machinery – Rubber-tyred machines – Steering requirements. (ISO 5010:1992, modified). EN 13510:2000, Earth-moving machinery – Roll-over protective structures – Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3471: 1994). EN ISO 2860:1999, Earth-moving machinery – Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992). EN ISO 2867:1998, Earth-moving machinery – Access systems (ISO 2867:1994). EN ISO 3411:1999, Earth-moving machinery – Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:1995). SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 6 EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery – Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines – Systems and performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 3450:1996). EN ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery – Guards – Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003). EN ISO 6682:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Zones of comfort and reach for controls. (ISO 6682:1986). EN ISO 6683:1999, Earth-moving machinery – Seat belts and seat belt anchorages. (ISO 6683:1981). EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003). EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003). EN ISO 14982:1998, Agricultural and forestry machinery – Electromagnetic compatibility – Test methods and acceptance criteria (ISO 14982:1998). ISO 3600:1996, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment – Operator’s manuals – Content and presentation. ISO 3767-1:1998, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment – Symbols for operator controls and other displays – Part 1: Common symbols. ISO 3767-4:1993, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment – Symbols for operator controls and other displays – Part 4: Symbols for forestry machinery. ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Determination of burning behaviour of interior materials. ISO 4254-4:1990, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Technical means for ensuring safety – Part 4: Forestry winches. ISO 6405-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery – Symbols for operator controls and other displays – Part 1: Common symbols. ISO 6750:1984, Earth-moving machinery – Operation and maintenance – Format and content of manuals. ISO 6814:2000, Machinery for forestry – Mobile and self-propelled machinery – Terms, definitions and classification. ISO 8082:2003, Self-propelled machinery for forestry – Roll-over protective structures – Laboratory tests and performance requirements. ISO 8083:1989, Machinery for forestry – Falling-object protective structures – Laboratory tests and performance requirements. ISO 8084:2003, Machinery for forestry – Operator protective structures – Laboratory tests and performance requirements. ISO 9244:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Safety signs and hazard pictorials – General principles. ISO 9533:1989, Earth-moving machinery – Machine-mounted forward and reverse audible warning alarm – Sound test method. ISO 10263-2:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Operator enclosure environment – Part 2: Air filter test. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 7 ISO 10263-5:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Operator enclosure environment – Part 5: Windscreen defrosting system test method. ISO 10532:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Machine mounted retrieval device – Performance requirements. ISO 10533:1993, Earth-moving machinery – Lift-arm support devices. ISO 10570:1992, Earth-moving machinery – Articulated frame lock – Performance requirements. ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Operator’s seat – Dimensions and requirements. ISO 11169:1993, Machinery for forestry – Wheeled special machines – Vocabulary, performance test methods and criteria for brake systems. ISO 11512:1995, Machinery for forestry – Tracked special machines – Performance criteria for brake systems. ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment – Safety signs and hazard pictorials – General principles. ISO 13766:1999, Earth-moving machinery – Electromagnetic compatibility. ISO 14269-4:1997, Tractors and self-propelled machines for agriculture and forestry – Operator enclosure environment – Part 4 : Air filter element test method. ISO 15078:1998, Machinery for forestry – Log loaders – Location and method of operation of two-lever operator controls. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070 and in ISO 6814 apply. 4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 4.1 General 4.1.1 General design guidelines Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this document, Clause 4. In addition, the machines shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with in this document. 4.1.2 Safety distances, guards and shields Unless otherwise specified in this document, safety distances shall comply with the requirements of Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 of EN 294:1992. Guards and shields, including thermal guards, shall be in accordance with EN ISO 3457. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 8 4.2 Operator station 4.2.1 Operator space envelope The design and arrangement shall allow the operator to perform all normal operations at each operating position without equipment or working attachments infringing on the operator space envelope as defined in EN ISO 3411:1999, Clause 5, or the space required for operation of controls, see 4.7. 4.2.2 Structures for operator protection 4.2.2.1 Falling object protective structure (FOPS) All machines shall be equipped with a FOPS in accordance with ISO 8083.
4.2.2.2 Roll-over protective structure (ROPS) All applicable machines according to the scope of ISO 8082 shall be equipped with a ROPS or other type of operator protection in accordance with ISO 8082 or EN 13510. NOTE Research work is being done to develop a test method and acceptance criteria for machines with a rotating platform with a cab and boom on the platform. These machines are to be included in ISO 8082 at a later stage. 4.2.2.3 Operator protective structure (OPS) All applicable machines according to the scope of ISO 8084 shall have OPS in accordance with ISO 8084. A device or devices intended to deflect saplings and branches shall be installed on skidders ahead of or behind the operator’s station, as appropriate. The operator shall be protected from hazards caused by failed chains, teeth and similar failures using polycarbonate or equivalent glazing, or other appropriate guards or shields, or both. NOTE Criteria to be developed. All machines equipped with winches or subject to breaking lines shall be equipped with protective screens or glazing or both, between the operator and the winch in accordance with ISO 8084. 4.2.2.4 Seat belt All machines shall be equipped with a seat belt system in accordance with EN ISO 6683. Seat belts shall have a device to keep them off the floor when not in use. For the marking requirements of the seat belts, see 5.2. 4.2.2.5 Load bunk headboard The load bunk of all tree and log transporting machines shall be equipped with a headboard capable of withstanding a force of 35 000 N applied at any point perpendicular to the face of the load bunk headboard structure. The test object used, a steel interlayer of diameter 200 mm or 200 mmx 200 mm, with edges rounded to R 13, shall be placed on as few bars of the headboard as possible. Permanent deformation shall be maximum of 100 mm. A 100 mm diameter log (or object) shall not pass through the load bunk headboard. The headboard shall be located between the load and the operator's station and its height, in the transport position, shall be greater than or equal to the height of the operator station. The headboard width shall be no less than the width across the stakes. 4.2.2.6 Fumes, spillage, hose guards and sharp edges A person in the operator station shall be protected as follows: SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 9 a) engine exhaust and harmful gases from heating systems shall be directed away from the operator’s station, including any of its air intakes; b) fuel and other fluid fillers shall be located outside the operator’s station. The design, sealing and location of these fillers shall be chosen to minimize the potential for spillage into the operator’s station. Tanks shall have means for safely relieving internal pressure before opening or when being opened; c) battery location or locations shall be within easy access and shall minimize the potential of fumes and acid entering the operator’s station, even in the event of the machine overturning. Batteries shall have provisions for easy handling; d) pressurized hoses, pipes and components shall be located or shielded so that in the event of rupture, the fluid can not be discharged directly onto the operator when in the operating position. Movable shields (e.g. doors or windows) designed to be open during machine operations shall satisfy this requirement in all operating positions; e) structural edges and corners of metallic or non-metallic materials of hardness sufficient to cause contusions or penetration of the human skin shall meet the following requirements:  external corners such as on-cab or service doors and pointed objects shall have a minimum radius of 4 mm;  grab-handles and edges/corners of handholds shall have a minimum radius of 5 mm. 4.2.3 Seat Machines shall be fitted with a seat in accordance with ISO 11112 which positions the operator for ergonomic and stable operation of the machine controls. A minimum of 25 mm clearance between the seat and fixed objects that could cause pinching shall be maintained when adjusting the seat in the driving or working position or when rotating the seat between those positions. Adjusting the seat fore or aft, or both, shall be permissible while rotating it from the driving to the working position and vice versa. The seat shall be adjustable without the use of tools. 4.2.4 Operator environment If a closed cab is provided, it shall be equipped with a pressurization system that provides a positive pressure and with a filtration system that removes at least 98 % by mass of dust when measured in accordance with ISO 10263-2 or ISO 14269-4. 4.3 Access to operator’s station and maintenance locations Access to the operator’s station and maintenance locations for daily service shall be as follows: a) the access shall permit a person to achieve three points of support if the platform or work surface is elevated by more than 550 mm above the ground, and shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2860 and EN ISO 2867. Foot placement surfaces shall be slip-resistant and the design of the steps shall be such that accumulation of debris, mud, snow etc. is minimized;  on tracked machines, an access step on the track frame may be inset up to 100 mm from the edge of the track shoe;  on machines with articulated steering, a minimum clearance of 150 mm shall be available, at the fully articulated steering position, as shown in Figure 1; SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 10 b) the access system shall minimize the possibility of controls being used as handholds. c) the operator’s station entry/exit opening dimensions shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2867. On cab- or partial-enclosure-equipped machines a minimum of two openings on different surfaces shall be provided: a primary opening for the main access way and a secondary opening to serve as an emergency exit. The primary opening shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2867:1998, Figure 4 and Table 4, and the secondary opening with EN ISO 2867:1998, Table 4. If the two required openings are enclosed by doors, windows or screens, they shall be able to be opened from the inside and outside without tools. Locks may be used on these openings provided they can be unlocked or opened from the inside. A prominent sign shall be posted at the secondary opening to remind the operator to unlock it before operating the machine.
The location and method of opening of the secondary opening shall be explained in the instruction handbook. See also 5.1 and 5.3. d) hinged doors and windows of the operator's station shall have a device for retaining them in the open and shut positions. The required operator protection, OPS, shall be maintained if the doors or windows are designed to remain open during machine operation. When use of the OPS requires that doors and windows be closed, a decal shall be used alerting the operator to this effect; e) service and maintenance openings for daily service shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2867:1998, Table 4. If the size or weight of hinged doors, lids or hoods create a hazard, a device shall be provided to holding them open; f) machines with articulated frames shall be equipped with articulated frame locks in accordance with ISO 10570. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Minimum clearance on machines with articulated steering
4.4 Visibility Provisions shall be made for good visibility to the operating and driving directions and a means of cleaning the windscreen, for example, by use of windshield wipers and washers, shall be provided. If wipers are used on polycarbonate glazing, the glazing surface shall be hard-coated. The windscreen defrosting system, when provided, shall be tested in accordance with ISO 10263-5; those windscreen areas to be defrosted shall be in accordance with Table 1 in respect of excavators. The minimum percentage of defrosted area after 1 h shall be in accordance with ISO 10263-5:1994, Table 2. Glare from sunshine or artificial lighting shall be minimized by shielding or by location of the lightings. Rainwater draining from the roof shall be directed away from the windows. 4.5 Warning alarm Machines shall be equipped with an operator-controlled alarm horn in accordance with the forward alarm requirements of ISO 9533. 4.6 Lighting 4.6.1 Working lights The machine shall have provisions for optional working lights. The electrical system shall have capacity adequate for the maximum intended provisions. 4.6.2 Instrument and monitor lights Instrument and monitor lighting shall be provided to permit machine operation in the dark. The arrangement or design of the instrument panel and monitor lights shall be such that glare and reflection for the operator are minimized. SIST EN 14861:2004+A1:2010



EN 14861:2004+A1:2009 (E) 12 4.6.3 Operator station and maintenance lighting An interior light shall be installed on machines equipped with enclosed cabs. When internal parts require inspection, adjustments or maintenance, an electrical outlet shall be provided to allow the connection of a portable lamp. 4.7 Controls 4.7.1 Engine stop control The engine stop control shall be clearly identified and, if separate from the ignition key, shall be red in colour and remain in the stop position when placed there. 4.7.2 Other controls
The operator controls shall be selected, designed, constructed and arranged as follows: a) primary controls shall be located within the zones of comfort and secondary controls within the zones of reach in accordance with EN ISO 6682. Control arrangement and function shall consider space requirements for arctic clothing in accordance with EN ISO 2860 and EN ISO 3411, unless a heated operator enclosure is provided; b) control functions shall be clearly and permanently identified unless obvious (e.g. a steering wheel or brake pedal). Symbols in accordance with ISO 3767-1 or ISO 6405-1, and in addition with ISO 3767-4 shall be used. Words may be used to complement such symbols or in cases where appropriate symbols have not been standardized. All symbols and/or text shall be explained in the instruction handbook, see 5.1; c) log loader controls shall be in accordance with ISO 15078; d) control movement and sequence shall be explained in the instruction handbook. The required travel and actuation force of controls shall be consistent with the frequency of use and practical ergonomics needed to minimize operator fatigue or stress; e) foot pedals shall be of appropriate size, shape, spacing and slip-resistant surface. In designs where there is an analogy between driving a forestry machine and a motor vehicle, i.e.
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