SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006
(Main)Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers
- Abstract
The present document establishes a broadcasting standard for the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system designed for delivery of high-quality digital audio programme and data services for mobile, portable and fixed reception from terrestrial or satellite transmitters in the Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency bands as well as for distribution through cable networks. The DAB system is designed to provide spectrum and power efficient techniques in terrestrial transmitter network planning, known as the Single Frequency Network (SFN) and the gap-filling technique. The DAB system is suitable for satellite as well as hybrid/mixed terrestrial/satellite broadcasting, using a simple, nearly omni-directional receiving antenna. The DAB system meets the required sharing criteria with other radiocommunication services. The present document defines the DAB transmission signal. It includes the coding algorithms for audio, multiplexing of audio programme and data services, channel coding and modulation. A limited range of supplementary services associated with programme services is defined. Provision is also made for transmission of additional data services which may be programme related or not, within the limit of the total system capacity. The present document provides information on the system configuration which includes information about the ensembles, services, service components and linking of them. Provision is made for a compatible cross-reference to existing Frequency Modulation (FM) services and Amplitude Modulation (AM) services. The present document describes the nominal characteristics of the emitted DAB signal. The aspects related to the receiver design are outside the scope of the present document. Hardware implementation considerations are not covered.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2006
- Technical Committee
- MOC - Mobile Communications
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Sep-2006
- Due Date
- 01-Sep-2006
- Completion Date
- 01-Sep-2006
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 300 401 Version 1.4.1. It specifies the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system for high-quality digital audio programme and data services to mobile, portable and fixed receivers from terrestrial or satellite transmitters, and for distribution through cable networks. The standard defines the DAB transmission signal, multiplex structure, coding, service information and radio-frequency characteristics used by broadcasters, network planners and equipment designers.
What does SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 specify?
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 specifies the DAB broadcast system at the emission side. It covers how audio and data services are carried, how services are described to the receiver, and how the transmitted signal is structured in the VHF/UHF bands and for cable distribution.
The standard also states what is outside its scope: receiver design and hardware implementation considerations are not covered.
The document is organized into clauses for scope, references, definitions, system description, transport mechanisms, multiplex configuration, audio coding, data features, conditional access, energy dispersal, convolutional coding, time interleaving, the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF), the DAB transmission signal and radio-frequency characteristics. It ends with annexes for audio details, CRC handling and CRC calculation.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Audio signal characteristics, audio coding characteristics, audio associated data characteristics, and PAD functions |
| Annex B | CRC checks for audio side information and Scale Factors, plus MPEG Audio Layer II decoding |
| Annex C | Analysis sub-band filter, psychoacoustic model, bit allocation, error sensitivity, error concealment, and joint stereo coding |
| Annex D | Example of multiplex re-configuration |
| Annex E | Calculation of the CRC word |
What are the key requirements of SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006?
Transport and multiplex structure
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 separates control information from service payload. Clause 5 defines the Fast Information Channel (FIC) for rapid access to control information and the Main Service Channel (MSC) for audio and data service components.
This matters in practice because the receiver needs the FIC first to interpret the MSC. The Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI) tells the receiver how the multiplex is built, which services are present, and how service components are linked.
Clause 13 defines the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF) as the MSC transport unit, independent of transmission mode. Clause 6 uses the MCI to define sub-channel positions, sizes and protection, so network operators can plan a multiplex and later reconfigure it.
Audio coding and PAD
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 uses MPEG Audio Layer II for audio coding and supports both 48 kHz and 24 kHz audio input. The audio bit stream includes DAB-specific elements such as stuffing bits, Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD), Scale Factor CRC, and Fixed Programme Associated Data (F-PAD).
This matters because it lets a broadcaster carry audio plus timed programme-related data in the same audio frame. Clause 7.4 defines PAD carriage, including Dynamic Range Control, music/speech indication, ISRC, UPC/EAN, dynamic label and user applications.
Service Information and data services
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 defines Service Information (SI) in clause 8 so that a receiver can identify and label services, follow announcements, track frequency changes, and link related services. The SI includes language, time and country identifiers, Programme Number, Programme Type, announcement support and switching, frequency information, Transmitter Identification Information (TII), ensemble labels, service labels, service linking information, regional identification, AMSS services, AM services and user application information.
This is what makes DAB practical for the user and for service management. It gives the receiver the metadata needed for service naming, service lists, retuning, regional behavior and cross-reference to FM and AM services.
Clause 8.2 also defines the Fast Information Data Channel (FIDC) for applications such as Paging, Traffic Message Channel (TMC) and Emergency Warning Systems (EWS). Clause 5.4 defines the Auxiliary Information Channel (AIC) for information redirected from the FIC when needed.
Error protection, interleaving and signal format
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 applies energy dispersal, convolutional coding and time interleaving to improve robustness. The MSC supports both Unequal Error Protection (UEP) and Equal Error Protection (EEP), while the FIC uses fixed equal error protection.
This matters because different service parts can be protected according to sensitivity, and the signal can tolerate transmission impairments better. Clause 12 applies time interleaving to the MSC but not to the FIC, and clause 14 defines the DAB transmission signal using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) with Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (D-QPSK), a synchronization channel, and block partitioning for the transmission modes.
Clause 15 gives the preferred use of the transmission modes and the RF characteristics, including the spectrum mask and permitted central frequencies. The standard identifies transmission modes I to IV for different deployment conditions, including Single Frequency Network (SFN) operation, local services and cable.
What terms does SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 define?
- Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) - The broadcast system defined by the standard for digital audio programme and data services.
- Fast Information Channel (FIC) - The part of the transmission frame that carries MCI, and optionally SI and data service components.
- Main Service Channel (MSC) - The channel that carries audio and data service components in stream mode or packet mode.
- Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI) - The control information that describes multiplex structure, services, service components and their links.
- Common Interleaved Frame (CIF) - The MSC transport unit whose bit structure is defined independently of transmission mode.
- Programme Associated Data (PAD) - Information related to audio content and synchronization, carried with the audio stream.
- Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD) - The variable-length PAD part used for additional programme-related data and user applications.
- Single Frequency Network (SFN) - A network planning technique used by the system for efficient terrestrial transmission.
Who uses SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006?
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is used by broadcasters, multiplex operators, transmitter manufacturers, broadcast network planners, and system integrators. They use it to define services, build multiplexes, choose protection and transmission modes, label services, carry PAD and user applications, and set RF emission characteristics.
Quality managers and buyers use it to check whether DAB equipment, encoders, multiplexers and transmitters are built for the same system behavior. Receiver engineers can also use the service and signal definitions for compatibility, even though receiver design is outside the scope.
What changed in SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 from the previous edition?
This version replaces the May 2001 version of EN 300 401. The foreword states that it contains several refinements to the Eureka 147 DAB system, including backward-compatible changes to PAD to provide greater flexibility.
Which standards are used with SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006?
| Standard | Contribution in this document |
|---|---|
| TS 102 367 | Specifies the Conditional Access system used in DAB |
| EN 301 234 | Referenced for MOT applications carried in X-PAD |
| EN 62106 | Used for coding the Programme Number feature, analogous to RDS PIN |
| TS 101 756 | Defines the character set interpretation used for labels |
| ISO/IEC 11172-3 | MPEG Audio Layer II syntax and framing used for audio coding |
| ISO/IEC 13818-3 | MPEG Audio Layer II audio coding syntax for the 24 kHz case |
| ISO 3901 | International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) used in PAD |
| IEC 60958 | Digital audio interface, named in the references for audio-related context |
| ITU-R BS.1284 | General methods for subjective assessment of sound quality |
What does the SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 document contain?
The document contains detailed bit-field diagrams, tables and syntax definitions for FIBs, FIGs, packet mode, data groups, labels, service organization and service linking. It also gives the structures for announcement support and switching, frequency information, TII, regional identification, PAD, dynamic label, paging and other data applications.
Clauses 7, 11, 12, 13 and 14 include the coding and signal-processing methods, while clause 15 and its figures cover the RF characteristics, spectrum mask and transmission mode behavior. The annexes add implementation guidance for audio encoding, CRC handling and CRC calculation without repeating the main normative structures.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers". This standard covers: The present document establishes a broadcasting standard for the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system designed for delivery of high-quality digital audio programme and data services for mobile, portable and fixed reception from terrestrial or satellite transmitters in the Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency bands as well as for distribution through cable networks. The DAB system is designed to provide spectrum and power efficient techniques in terrestrial transmitter network planning, known as the Single Frequency Network (SFN) and the gap-filling technique. The DAB system is suitable for satellite as well as hybrid/mixed terrestrial/satellite broadcasting, using a simple, nearly omni-directional receiving antenna. The DAB system meets the required sharing criteria with other radiocommunication services. The present document defines the DAB transmission signal. It includes the coding algorithms for audio, multiplexing of audio programme and data services, channel coding and modulation. A limited range of supplementary services associated with programme services is defined. Provision is also made for transmission of additional data services which may be programme related or not, within the limit of the total system capacity. The present document provides information on the system configuration which includes information about the ensembles, services, service components and linking of them. Provision is made for a compatible cross-reference to existing Frequency Modulation (FM) services and Amplitude Modulation (AM) services. The present document describes the nominal characteristics of the emitted DAB signal. The aspects related to the receiver design are outside the scope of the present document. Hardware implementation considerations are not covered.
The present document establishes a broadcasting standard for the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system designed for delivery of high-quality digital audio programme and data services for mobile, portable and fixed reception from terrestrial or satellite transmitters in the Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency bands as well as for distribution through cable networks. The DAB system is designed to provide spectrum and power efficient techniques in terrestrial transmitter network planning, known as the Single Frequency Network (SFN) and the gap-filling technique. The DAB system is suitable for satellite as well as hybrid/mixed terrestrial/satellite broadcasting, using a simple, nearly omni-directional receiving antenna. The DAB system meets the required sharing criteria with other radiocommunication services. The present document defines the DAB transmission signal. It includes the coding algorithms for audio, multiplexing of audio programme and data services, channel coding and modulation. A limited range of supplementary services associated with programme services is defined. Provision is also made for transmission of additional data services which may be programme related or not, within the limit of the total system capacity. The present document provides information on the system configuration which includes information about the ensembles, services, service components and linking of them. Provision is made for a compatible cross-reference to existing Frequency Modulation (FM) services and Amplitude Modulation (AM) services. The present document describes the nominal characteristics of the emitted DAB signal. The aspects related to the receiver design are outside the scope of the present document. Hardware implementation considerations are not covered.
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment; 33.170 - Television and radio broadcasting. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 259. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST EN 300 401 V1.4.1:2006 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2006
Sistemi radiodifuzije - Digitalna zvokovna radiodifuzija (DAB) za mobilne,
prenosne in fiksne sprejemnike
Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and
fixed receivers
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 401 Version 1.4.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Radio Broadcasting Systems;
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
portable and fixed receivers
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
EBU·UER
2 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
Reference
REN/JTC-DAB-36
Keywords
audio, broadcasting, DAB, data, digital, satellite,
terrestrial
ETSI
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006.
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.8
Foreword.8
1 Scope.10
2 References.10
3 Definitions, abbreviations, mathematical symbols, C-language mathematical symbols and
conventions.11
3.1 Definitions.11
3.2 Abbreviations.15
3.3 Mathematical symbols.17
3.3.1 Arithmetic operators.17
3.3.2 Logical and set operators .17
3.3.3 Functions.18
3.3.4 Constants.18
3.4 C-language mathematical symbols.18
3.4.1 Arithmetic operators.18
3.4.2 Logical operators.18
3.4.3 Relational operators.18
3.4.4 Assignment.18
3.4.5 Mnemonics.19
3.4.6 Method of describing bit stream syntax.19
3.5 Convention.20
4 Basic DAB system description.20
4.1 Transport mechanisms.20
4.2 Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI).23
4.3 Audio coding.23
4.4 Data features.24
4.5 Conditional Access (CA).24
4.6 Energy dispersal.24
4.7 Convolutional coding.24
4.8 Time interleaving.24
4.9 Common Interleaved Frame (CIF) .24
4.10 DAB transmission signal.25
4.11 Radio frequency parameters .25
4.12 Main DAB system characteristics .25
5 Transport mechanisms.27
5.1 Introduction.27
5.2 Fast Information Channel (FIC) .29
5.2.1 Fast Information Block (FIB) .29
5.2.2 Fast Information Group (FIG) .30
5.2.2.1 MCI and SI: FIG type 0 data field.30
5.2.2.2 Labels: FIG type 1 and FIG type 2 data fields .32
5.2.2.2.1 FIG type 1.32
5.2.2.2.2 FIG type 2.33
5.2.2.3 FIDC: FIG type 5 data field .34
5.2.2.4 CA: FIG type 6 data field.34
5.3 Main Service Channel (MSC) .34
5.3.1 Stream mode.35
5.3.2 Packet mode - network level.35
5.3.2.1 Packet header.35
5.3.2.2 Packet data field .36
5.3.2.3 Packet CRC.36
5.3.3 Packet mode - data group level.36
5.3.3.1 MSC data group header.37
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4 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
5.3.3.2 Session header.38
5.3.3.3 MSC data group data field .39
5.3.3.4 MSC data group CRC .39
5.3.4 Interrelation of network and transport level in packet mode .39
5.3.5 FEC for MSC packet mode.39
5.3.5.1 FEC frame.40
5.3.5.2 Transport of RS data .41
5.3.5.3 Receiver considerations.42
5.4 Transport of Service Information in the Auxiliary Information Channel.42
5.5 Extended labels.43
5.5.1 Structure of the extended label data field.43
5.5.2 Label definition.44
5.5.3 Character definition.44
5.5.4 Segmentation.46
5.5.5 Receiver considerations.46
6 Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI).47
6.1 Introduction.47
6.2 Sub-channel organization.48
6.2.1 Basic sub-channel organization .48
6.2.2 FEC sub-channel organization.52
6.3 Service organization.52
6.3.1 Basic service and service component definition .52
6.3.2 Service component in packet mode with or without Conditional Access.55
6.3.3 Service component with Conditional Access in stream mode or FIC.56
6.3.4 Service component "hooks".56
6.3.5 Service component global definition .56
6.4 Ensemble information.58
6.5 Multiplex re-configuration.59
7 Audio coding.60
7.1 Audio encoding.61
7.1.1 Analysis sub-band filter.61
7.1.2 Scale Factor calculation .63
7.1.3 Coding of Scale Factors.63
7.1.4 Coding of Scale Factor Selection Information.64
7.1.5 Psychoacoustic model.65
7.1.6 Bit allocation.65
7.1.7 Bit allocation coding.66
7.1.8 Quantization and coding of sub-band samples.68
7.1.9 Formatting of the audio bit stream.70
7.2 Semantics of the audio bit stream.71
7.2.1 MPEG Audio Layer II bit stream.71
7.2.1.1 Audio sequence.71
7.2.1.2 Audio frame.71
7.2.1.3 Audio frame header.71
7.2.1.4 Error check.74
7.2.1.5 Audio data.74
7.2.1.6 Ancillary data.75
7.2.2 DAB audio bit stream .75
7.2.2.1 DAB audio sequence.75
7.2.2.2 DAB audio frame.75
7.2.2.3 DAB audio frame header .76
7.2.2.4 Error check.76
7.2.2.5 Audio data.76
7.2.2.6 Audio stuffing bits .76
7.2.2.7 Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD) .76
7.2.2.8 Scale Factor Error Check (ScF-CRC) .77
7.2.2.9 Fixed Programme Associated Data (F-PAD).77
7.3 Audio bit stream syntax.79
7.3.1 ISO/IEC 11172-3 and ISO/IEC 13818-3 Layer II bit stream syntax .79
7.3.1.1 Audio sequence.79
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5 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
7.3.1.2 Audio frame.79
7.3.1.3 Header.79
7.3.1.4 Error check.80
7.3.1.5 Audio data.80
7.3.1.6 Ancillary data.81
7.3.2 DAB audio bit stream syntax.81
7.3.2.1 DAB audio sequence.81
7.3.2.2 DAB audio frame.81
7.3.2.3 DAB audio frame header .81
7.3.2.4 Error check.81
7.3.2.5 Audio data.81
7.3.2.6 Audio stuffing bits .82
7.3.2.7 Extended Programme Associated Data .82
7.3.2.8 Scale factor error check.82
7.3.2.9 Fixed Programme Associated Data .82
7.4 Programme Associated Data (PAD).82
7.4.1 Coding of F-PAD.83
7.4.1.1 Dynamic Range Control data .86
7.4.2 Structure of X-PAD .86
7.4.2.1 Short X-PAD.88
7.4.2.2 Variable size X-PAD.88
7.4.3 Application types.89
7.4.4 Contents indicator.90
7.4.4.1 Contents indicator in short X-PAD .90
7.4.4.2 Contents indicator in variable size X-PAD .90
7.4.5 Applications in X-PAD.91
7.4.5.1 MSC data groups in X-PAD .91
7.4.5.1.1 X-PAD data group for data group length indicator .91
7.4.5.1.2 X-PAD data group for MSC data group .91
7.4.5.1.3 Transport of MSC data groups in short X-PAD .92
7.4.5.1.4 Transport of MSC data groups in variable-sized X-PAD.92
7.4.5.2 Dynamic label.92
8 Data features.95
8.1 Service Information (SI).95
8.1.1 Introduction.95
8.1.2 Service component language .95
8.1.3 Time and country identifier .96
8.1.3.1 Date and time (d&t) .96
8.1.3.2 Country, LTO and International table .97
8.1.4 Programme Number.98
8.1.5 Programme Type.99
8.1.6 Announcements.101
8.1.6.1 Announcement support.101
8.1.6.2 Announcement switching.102
8.1.7 DRM services.102
8.1.7.1 DRM Frequencies.103
8.1.8 Frequency Information.103
8.1.9 Transmitter Identification Information (TII) database.108
8.1.10 Other ensembles.110
8.1.10.1 OE Frequencies.110
8.1.10.2 OE Services.110
8.1.10.3 OE Programme Number.111
8.1.10.4 OE Programme Type.111
8.1.10.5 OE Announcements.111
8.1.10.5.1 OE Announcement support .111
8.1.10.5.2 OE Announcement switching.112
8.1.10.6 OE Text labels.113
8.1.11 FM services.113
8.1.11.1 FM Frequencies.113
8.1.11.2 FM Announcements.113
8.1.11.2.1 FM Announcement support.113
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6 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
8.1.11.2.2 FM Announcement switching.114
8.1.11.3 FM Programme Number .114
8.1.11.4 FM Programme Type .114
8.1.11.5 FM Text labels .114
8.1.12 FIC re-direction.114
8.1.13 Ensemble label.115
8.1.14 Service label.116
8.1.14.1 Programme service label .116
8.1.14.2 Data service label .116
8.1.14.3 Service component label .117
8.1.14.4 X-PAD user application label .117
8.1.15 Service linking information .118
8.1.16 Regional identification.120
8.1.16.1 Region definition.120
8.1.16.2 Region label.123
8.1.17 Void.123
8.1.18 AMSS services.123
8.1.18.1 AMSS Frequencies.123
8.1.19 AM services.123
8.1.19.1 AM Frequencies.123
8.1.19.2 AM Programme Number.123
8.1.19.3 AM Programme Type .123
8.1.19.4 AM Text labels.124
8.1.20 User application information .124
8.2 Fast Information Data Channel .126
8.2.1 Paging.126
8.2.2 Traffic Message Channel (TMC).127
8.2.3 Emergency Warning Systems (EWS).127
9 Conditional Access (CA).128
10 Energy dispersal.128
10.1 General procedure.128
10.2 Energy dispersal as applied in the Fast Information Channel .128
10.3 Energy dispersal as applied in the Main Service Channel.129
11 Convolutional coding.129
11.1 Convolutional code.129
11.1.1 Mother code.129
11.1.2 Puncturing procedure.130
11.2 Coding in the Fast Information Channel .132
11.2.1 Transmission modes I, II, and IV.132
11.2.2 Transmission mode III.132
11.3 Coding in the Main Service Channel.133
11.3.1 Unequal Error Protection (UEP) coding .133
11.3.2 Equal Error Protection (EEP) coding.135
11.3.3 Future error protection coding .137
12 Time interleaving.137
13 Common Interleaved Frame.143
14 DAB transmission signal.144
14.1 General principles.144
14.2 Structure of the main signal.144
14.3 Synchronization channel.147
14.3.1 Null symbol.147
14.3.2 Phase reference symbol .147
14.3.3 Time reference.149
14.4 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols.149
14.4.1 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols in the Fast Information Channel.149
14.4.1.1 Transmission mode I.149
14.4.1.2 Transmission mode II.151
14.4.1.3 Transmission mode III.151
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7 ETSI EN 300 401 V1.4.1 (2006-06)
14.4.1.4 Transmission mode IV.152
14.4.2 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols in the Main Service Channel .153
14.4.2.1 Transmission mode I.153
14.4.2.2 Transmission mode II.154
14.4.2.3 Transmission mode III.155
14.4.2.4 Transmission mode IV.156
14.5 QPSK symbol mapper.157
14.6 Frequency interleaving.157
14.6.1 Transmission mode I.157
14.6.2 Transmission mode II.158
14.6.3 Transmission mode III.159
14.6.4 Transmission mode IV.160
14.7 Differential modulation.161
14.8 Transmitter Identification Information signal .161
14.8.1 Transmission modes I, II and IV.162
14.8.2 Transmission mode III.164
15 Radio frequency characteristics.164
15.1 Use of the transmission modes .164
15.2 Time characteristics.165
15.3 Spectrum characteristics.165
15.4 Spectrum mask.168
15.5 Permitted values of the central frequency .169
Annex A (informative): Main characteristics of the audio coding system .170
A.1 Audio signal characteristics.170
A.2 Audio coding characteristics .170
A.3 Audio associated data characteristics.171
A.4 Functions provided by PAD.171
Annex B (normative): Audio decoding.173
B.1 General.173
B.2 CRC check for audio side information.173
B.3 CRC check for Scale Factors.173
B.4 Decoding of the MPEG Audio Layer II bit stream .174
Annex C (informative): Audio encoding.175
C.1 Analysis sub-band filter.
...