SIST EN ISO 14007:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020
01-junij-2020
Ravnanje z okoljem - Smernice za ugotavljanje okoljskih stroškov in koristi (ISO
14007:2019)
Environmental management - Guidelines for determining environmental costs and
benefits (ISO 14007:2019)
Management environnemental - Lignes directrices pour la détermination des coûts et
des bénéfices environnementaux (ISO 14007:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 14007
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020

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oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14007
First edition
2019-10
Environmental management —
Guidelines for determining
environmental costs and benefits
Management environnemental — Lignes directrices pour la
détermination des coûts et des bénéfices environnementaux
Reference number
ISO 14007:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020
ISO 14007:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020
ISO 14007:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Organizations and the environment . 1
3.2 Environmental economics and finance . 4
4 Principles . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Accuracy . 6
4.3 Completeness . 6
4.4 Consistency . 6
4.5 Credibility . 6
4.6 Relevance . 6
4.7 Transparency . 6
5 Planning . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Defining the purpose of determining environmental costs and benefits . 7
5.3 Determining relevant sources and types of information . 8
5.4 Defining the scope . 8
5.4.1 General. 8
5.4.2 Qualitative assessment . 9
5.4.3 Quantitative non-monetary assessment .10
5.4.4 Quantitative monetary assessment .10
5.4.5 Distinguishing internal from external environmental costs and benefits.10
5.4.6 Considerations when determining environment-related internal costs and
benefits .10
5.5 Planning actions to determine environmental costs and benefits .11
6 Determining environmental costs and benefits .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 Qualitatively assessing environmental costs and benefits .12
6.3 Quantifying environmental costs and benefits in non-monetary terms .12
6.4 Quantifying environmental costs and benefits in monetary terms .13
6.4.1 General.13
6.4.2 Environmental damage costs and environmental benefits.13
6.4.3 Environment-related internal costs and benefits.15
6.5 Quality check .18
7 Application, reporting and continual improvement .18
7.1 Remarks on environmental costs and benefits used in specific applications .18
7.1.1 General.18
7.1.2 Cost-benefit analyses .19
7.1.3 Aggregating environmental costs and benefits .19
7.2 Reporting .20
7.3 Continual improvement .20
Annex A (informative) Flow chart on determining environmental costs and benefits .21
Annex B (informative) Examples of selected terms and concepts .23
Bibliography .25
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, SC 1,
Environmental management systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
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Introduction
Growing economic consequences regarding climate change impacts (in addition to mitigation and
adaption measures), concerns about the global depletion of natural resources and the loss of functioning
ecosystems are resulting in many challenges for organizations and society as a whole. Dependencies
on natural capital (e.g. water, soil fertility, habitats, landscapes) on the one hand and the impact on
the environment on the other hand are important issues for organizations and their interested parties
in terms of strategic, operational or financial consequences along the whole value chain. There is a
need for guidance on practical methods on how to assess and evaluate the economic consequences
of environmental actions. Determining environmental costs and environmental benefits will help
organizations to manage environment-related risks and opportunities.
Environmental costs are any costs related to the environment, which can result from, for example, the
loss of natural capital that companies are dependent on, impacts on human health and the environment
or environmental legislation-related compliance costs. Environmental benefits are any benefits related
to the environment, which can result from, for example, natural resources used within products or the
production processes of a given organization, including their value chain.
Understanding its environmental costs and benefits allows an organization to link environmental
impacts and dependencies to its decision-making processes. This can create a better understanding of
issues, such as the financial implications related to the environmental aspects of a site, the organization
as a whole, or the organization’s supply or value chain. It can improve operational performance, risk
management, investment decisions and corporate communications. Using this document to determine
environmental costs and benefits can help an organization to manage its environmental dependencies
and to mitigate its environmental impacts. It will also help to align an organization’s activities with
national and international environmental goals or agreements.
This document provides organizations with guidance on determining and documenting environmental
costs and benefits in a comprehensive and transparent way, either quantified in monetary or non-
monetary terms, or described qualitatively. Assessments of the environmental costs and benefits can
be carried out either ex-ante or ex-post. Guidance is provided to help organizations to disclose and
exchange relevant information.
If organizations wish to assess environmental costs and benefits in monetary terms, the economic
valuation methods in this document only capture changes that affect human wellbeing (utility), i.e.
it takes a so-called “anthropocentric perspective”, including their concern for, and dependence on,
nature and ecosystem services. This includes use and non-use values as reflected in the concept of total
economic value.
This document is intended for all sizes of organizations and all sectors. It can be applied to private or
listed enterprises, organizations that are held by the public or are a public service unit, those that have
a role as a large global actor or a small and medium-sized enterprise.
This document is suitable for use by managers, accountants, researchers and consultants who want
to determine environmental costs and benefits. The work will require input from several operational
areas that will need to provide relevant information. This document can help in the integration of
financial and non-financial information in order to better inform organizational decision-making.
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oSIST prEN ISO 14007:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14007:2019(E)
Environmental management — Guidelines for determining
environmental costs and benefits
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines for organizations on determining the environmental costs and benefits
associated with their environmental aspects. It addresses the dependencies of an organization on the
environment, for example, natural resources, and the context in which the organization operates or is
located. Environmental costs and benefits can be expressed quantitatively, in both non-monetary and
monetary terms, or qualitatively.
This document also provides guidance for organizations when disclosing related information.
This document takes an anthropocentric perspective, i.e. looking at changes that affect human wellbeing
(utility) including their concern for, and dependence on, nature and ecosystem services. This includes
use and non-use values as reflected in the concept of total economic value when environmental costs
and benefits are determined in monetary terms.
The ways in which the environmental costs and benefits are used after they have been determined are
outside the scope of this document.
This document is applicable to any organization regardless of size, type and nature.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Organizations and the environment
3.1.1
natural resource
part of nature that provides benefits to humans or underpins human well-being
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.5]
3.1.2
product
item or service provided by an organization
3.1.3
good
something that satisfies human wants or needs
Note 1 to entry: A good can be a natural resource (3.1.1), an ecosystem (3.1.8) service, a product (3.1.2) or human
health. It can be marketed or not, or be provided by an organization or not.
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3.1.4
assessment
systematic process of collecting, processing and analysing information
3.1.5
environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment as determined at a certain point in time
Note 1 to entry: Organizations can be affected by the state of the environment, e.g. through their dependency on
weather-related events or the availability of water or other natural resources (3.1.1).
Note 2 to entry: The stock, flows and quality of renewable and non-renewable natural resources (e.g. plants,
animals, air, water, soils, minerals) that benefit organizations and society are also referred to as “natural capital”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.3, modified— Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.1.6
environmental dependency
reliance on the use of environmental resources or processes
Note 1 to entry: Expressions similar to “dependency … on the environment” are equivalent.
3.1.7
environmental dependency pathway
causal relationship ultimately starting at an environmental condition (3.1.5) and ending at an effect on
the organization
3.1.8
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal, and micro-organism communities, and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional entity
EXAMPLE Deserts, coral reefs, wetlands, rain forests, boreal forests, grasslands, urban parks, cultivated
farmlands.
Note 1 to entry: Ecosystems can be influenced by human activity.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.6]
3.1.9
ecosystem service
benefit people obtain from ecosystems (3.1.8)
Note 1 to entry: Ecosystem services are generally distinguished into provisioning, regulating, supporting and
cultural services. Ecosystem services include the provisioning of goods (3.1.3) (e.g. food, fuel, raw materials,
fibre), regulating services (e.g. climate regulation, disease control), and non-material benefits (cultural services)
(e.g. spiritual or aesthetic benefits). The supporting services are necessary for the production of all other
ecosystem services (e.g. soil formation, nutrient cycling, water cycling) and are also referred to as “ecosystem
functions”.
Note 2 to entry: Ecosystem services are sometimes called “environmental services” or “ecological services”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.11]
3.1.10
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products (3.1.2) that interacts or can interact with the
environment
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.1.11). A significant
environmental aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
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Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more
criteria. This process can be referred to as a “materiality assessment”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2, modified— “or services” has been deleted and Note 2 to entry has
been extended.]
3.1.11
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
Note 1 to entry: The lowering of a water table and desertification are examples of environmental impacts from
water use. A change in respiratory capacity is an example of an environmental impact from particulate matter
emissions.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4, modified— Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.12
environmental impact pathway
series of consecutive, causal relationships, ultimately starting at an environmental aspect (3.1.10) and
ending at an environmental impact (3.1.11)
Note 1 to entry: Related terms are “impact pathway” or “cause-effect chain”.
Note 2 to entry: It can be considered a system of interlinked environmental mechanisms.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.9, modified — “impact pathway” has been added as a related term.]
3.1.13
interested party
stakeholder
person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or
activity
EXAMPLE Customers, communities, suppliers, regulators, non-governmental organizations, investors and
employees.
Note 1 to entry: To “perceive itself to be affected” means the perception has been made known to the organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.6, modified— The admitted term “stakeholder” has been added.]
3.1.14
reference situation
baseline
current or future state relative to which the assessment (3.1.4) is performed
Note 1 to entry: Examples can be found in B.2.
3.1.15
release
emission to air or discharge to water or soil
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.30, modified — The term has been changed to singular form and “and” has
been changed to “or”.]
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3.1.16
compliance obligations
legal requirements and other requirements
legal requirements that an organization has to comply with and other requirements that an organization
has to or chooses to comply with
Note 1 to entry: Compliance obligations can arise from mandatory requirements, such as applicable laws and
regulations, or voluntary commitments, such as organizational and industry standards, contractual relationships,
codes of practice and agreements with community groups or non-governmental organizations.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.9, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted and Note 2 to entry
renumbered.]
3.2 Environmental economics and finance
3.2.1
use value
monetary value of a good (3.1.3) in relation to its actual, planned or possible use
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.5]
3.2.2
non-use value
monetary value of a good (3.1.3) independent of its actual, planned or possible use
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.6]
3.2.3
total economic value
net sum of all relevant use values (3.2.1) and non-use values (3.2.2)
Note 1 to entry: Total economic value does not encompass other kinds of values unrelated to human preferences.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.12]
3.2.4
externality
external effect
consequence of an activity that affects interested parties (3.1.13) other than the organization
undertaking the activity, for which the organization is neither compensated nor penalized through
markets or regulatory mechanisms
Note 1 to entry: Current externalities of an organization can cause future issues in terms of dependencies of that
organization.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, whenever “external” is used along with “cost” or “benefit”, it refers to an
externality.
3.2.5
internalization
act of taking into account externalities (3.2.4) in decision-making
Note 1 to entry: This includes, but is not limited to, integration into the accounts as environment-related internal
costs (3.2.13).
3.2.6
environmental benefit
internal or external gain related to the environment
Note 1 to entry: Environmental benefits can be one or both of external environmental benefits (3.2.14) and
environment-related internal benefits (3.2.12).
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3.2.7
environmental cost
internal or external loss related to the environment
Note 1 to entry: Environmental costs can be one or both of external environmental costs (3.2.15) and environment-
related internal costs (3.2.13).
3.2.8
environmental damage cost
cost of adverse environmental impacts (3.1.11) that are due to an organization’s environmental aspects
(3.1.10)
Note 1 to entry: Environmental damage costs consist of external environmental costs (3.2.15) and environment-
related internal costs (3.2.13).
3.2.9
environmental dependency cost
cost of adverse effects of a change or changes in environmental conditions (3.1.5) on the organization
Note 1 to entry: Environmental dependency costs are part of the environment-related internal costs (3.2.13).
Note 2 to entry: Examples can be found in B.3.
3.2.10
management accounting
process of supplying the managers and employees in an organization with relevant information, both
financial and non-financial, for making decisions, allocating resources, and monitoring, evaluating and
rewarding performance
Note 1 to entry: Management accounting is used for the organization’s internal purposes.
Note 2 to entry: Management accounting is connected to financial accounting (3.2.11) via the so-called
[16]
“management approach”, see the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) framework .
3.2.11
financial accounting
process of classifying, measuring and recording the transactions of an organization, which is primarily
concerned with providing a true and fair view of its activities to external interested parties (3.1.13)
3.2.12
environment-related internal benefit
benefit derived from the environment by an organization that is part of its financial accounting (3.2.11)
and non-financial accounting
Note 1 to entry: Benefits can be derived from, for example, new sources of revenue, a social licence to operate,
product (3.1.2) differentiation and reputational gains.
3.2.13
environment-related internal cost
cost derived from an organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10) and environmental dependencies
(3.1.6) that is part of its financial accounting (3.2.11) or management accounting (3.2.10)
EXAMPLE Capital and operational expenditures related to environmental taxes or to mitigation measures
for releases that are taken into account in the financial record of the organization.
3.2.14
external environmental benefit
positive externality (3.2.4) due to an organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
EXAMPLE Eradication of invasive non-native species from around a reservoir by a water company, which
provides amenity benefits for the local community.
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3.2.15
external environmental cost
adverse externality (3.2.4) due to an organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
4 Principles
4.1 General
These principles are fundamental and should be followed when planning, conducting, documenting and
reporting the assessment of environmental costs and benefits.
4.2 Accuracy
Accuracy should be aimed for by carefully evaluating sources and data quality, and using appropriate
methods. Bias should be avoided and uncertainty minimized.
4.3 Completeness
All significant information for the intended use should be included, in such a way that no other relevant
information needs to be added, and, to the knowledge of those undertaking the assessment, no
additional information will substantially change the results.
NOTE In this principle, “significant information” refers to an environmental aspect, impact or dependency
that is material to an organization.
4.4 Consistency
Assumptions, methods and data should be, u
...