SIST EN 12416-2:2001

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Vgrajeni gasilni sistemi - Sistemi s praškom - 2. del: Projektiranje, izvedba in vzdrževanjeOrtsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Pulverlöschanlagen - Teil 2: Planung, Einbau und WartungInstallations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systemes d'extinction a poudre - Partie 2: Conception, construction et maintenanceFixed firefighting systems - Powder systems - Part 2: Design, construction and maintenance13.220.10Gašenje požaraFire-fightingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12416-2:2001SIST EN 12416-2:2001en01-oktober-2001SIST EN 12416-2:2001SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 12416-2:2001



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12416-2June 2001ICS 13.220.20English versionFixed firefighting systems - Powder systems - Part 2: Design,construction and maintenanceInstallations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmesd'extinction à poudre - Partie 2: Conception, construction etmaintenanceOrtsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Pulverlöschanlagen- Teil 2: Planung, Einbau und WartungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 May 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12416-2:2001 ESIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 2EN 12416-2:2001ContentsForeword.3Introduction.31
Scope.42
Normative references.43
Terms and definitions.54
Expellant gas.55
Extinguishing powder.56
Components.57
Reserve quantity.88
Location of extinguishing powder container and expellant gas container.89
Safety precautions.810
Total flooding systems.811
Local application systems.912
Control and release of powder extinguishing systems.1013
Pipework design.1114
Evaluation of characteristics.1615
Documentation, inspection and maintenance.1616
Evaluation of conformity.18Annex A (informative) Example calculations for local application system - surface fire.19Annex B (informative) Example calculations for local application systems.20Annex C (informative) Minimum design conditions for powder based on sodium bicarbonate.25Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU ConstructionProducts Directive.29Bibliography.36SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 3EN 12416-2:2001ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 191 "Fixed firefighting systems",the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by December 2001.This European Standard has the general title "Fixed firefighting systems - Powder systems" and consists of thefollowing two parts:- Part 1: Requirements and test methods for components- Part 2: Design, construction and maintenanceThis European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission andthe European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.Annexes A to C are informative annexes.This European standard is included in a series of European Standards planned to cover also:a) gas extinguishing systems (EN 12094 and EN ISO 14520);b) sprinkler systems (EN 12259 and EN 12845);c) smoke control systems (EN 12101);d) explosion protection systems (EN 26184);e) foam systems (EN 13565)f) hydrant and hose reel systems (EN 671-2);g) semi-rigid hose systems (EN 671-1);h) water spray systemsAccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countriesare bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlandand the United Kingdom.IntroductionIt has been assumed in the preparation of this Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted toappropriately qualified and experienced people.Risks which can be protected using powder extinguishing systems include the following:a) Flammable or combustible liquids and combustible gases; andb) Combustible solids having burning characteristics similar to naphthalene and pitch, which melt wheninvolved in a fire; andc) Combustibles such as wood, paper, or cloth arranged in such a way that powder extinguishant could reachall burning surfaces in the event of a fire.Powder extinguishing systems shall not be used to provide protection for the following:d) Chemicals containing their own oxygen supply such as cellulose nitrate;SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 4EN 12416-2:2001e) Combustibles arranged in such a way that there is a risk of deep seated or burrowing fires which theextinguishant would not be able to reach;ABC powder should not be used on machinery such as carding equipment in textile operations or delicate electricalequipment because, upon exposure to temperatures in excess of 120 °C or relative humidity in excess of 50 %,deposits will be formed which can be corrosive, conductive and difficult to remove.NOTE 1Powder, when discharged, will drift from the immediate discharge area and settle on surrounding surfaces. Prompt cleaningwill minimize possible staining or corrosion of certain materials which may take place in the presence of moisture.NOTE 2The extinguishing of uncontrolled discharge of flammable liquids or combustible gases may result in a subsequent explosion.Powder systems can consist of the following kits (see Figure 1):- KIT 1: powder container unit including pressure regulator;- KIT 2: expellant gas unit with mechanical and/or electrical delay system;- KIT 3: actuation and control system (manual or automatic release);- KIT 4: distribution header with selector valves assembly;- KIT 5: nozzles for total flooding or local application.- KIT 6: kits for complete powder systems1
ScopeThis European Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, construction andmaintenance of kits covering components of powder fire extinguishing systems which discharge powder from acontainer, or centrally grouped containers, through nozzles by means of expellant gas in accordance withEN 12416-1:2001 and the relevant part of EN 54 where required.This European standard covers systems which are suitable for general use in buildings and other constructionworks as well as outdoor hazards.This standard does not cover stored pressure systems or pre-engineered systems up to 150 kg of theextinguishing media quantity, powder hose lines and monitor systems, nor areas with a risk of explosion,earthquake zones or extreme environmental conditions e.g. marine, offshore, mining or aircraft.This European standard does not apply to systems where there is a risk of class "D" fires according to EN 2.2
Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 54 (all relevant parts), Fire detection and fire alarm systemsprEN 54-14:1996, Fire detection and fire alarm systems -
Part 14: Guidelines for planning, design, installation,commissioning, use and maintenanceEN 615, Fire protection - Fire extinguishing media - Specifications for powders (other than class D powders)EN 1092, Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designatedprEN 12094-9:1999, Fixed firefighting systems - Components for gas extinguishing systems - Part 9:Requirements and test methods for special fire detectorsEN 12416-1:2001, Fixed firefighting systems - Powder systems - Part 1: Requirements and test methods forcomponentsEN 25923, Fire protection - Fire extinguishing media - Carbon dioxide (ISO 5923:1989)EN ISO 9000 (all parts), Quality management and quality assurance standardsSIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 5EN 12416-2:20013
Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this Standard the terms and definitions of EN 12416-1:2001 and the following apply:3.1powder system kitset of components which, when installed, form the complete or part of a powder system4
Expellant gas4.1
The expellant gas shall be one of the gases listed in table 1.The quantity of expellant gas shall be calculated for the most hydraulically unfavourable flooding zone such thatthe required powder quantity is discharged in at least the minimum discharge time and an additional expellant gasquantity shall be provided to empty the powder container and to allow the distribution pipe to be flushed at theworking pressure for a period of at least 1 min.4.2
When using CO2 as expellant gas the system shall be carefully designed to ensure that the CO2concentration does not exceed 5 %Vol. in the protected enclosure. CO2 shall be in accordance with EN 25923.Table 1 - Expellant gasesGasMaximum water content%Air0,006Argon0,006CO20,015Helium0,006Nitrogen0,0065
Extinguishing powderThis Standard is based on the use of sodium bicarbonate powder.If other types of powder are used, the complete design and calculation shall be modified proportionally to therelative efficiency of this powder.The powder shall be in accordance with EN 615.WARNING 1
The mixing of different types of powder (ABC and BC) may result in caking, and the production ofgas will increase pressure in the container to an unsafe level. Such increases in pressure have been known tocause containers to rupture, and to cause bodily injury and damage.WARNING 2
Recovered powder may have previously been contaminated, and may have absorbed moisture. If itis then recycled the powder may eventually become lumpy, and interrupt the flow of powder when used on a fire.6
ComponentsMechanical components shall be in accordance with EN 12416-1:2001 and electrical components shall be inaccordance with the relevant part of EN 54 or, in its absence, an appropriate specification valid in the place of useof the kit. The components used in the powder system shall be compatible. The installer shall declare anddocument the compatibility in accordance with EN 12416-1:2001, clause 12. If components are not delivered by asingle manufacturer, a function test without powder discharge shall be carried out in order to confirm thecompatibility of the complete system.A typical arrangement of the components in a powder system is given in Figure 1 and a block diagram for powderextinguishing systems is given in Figure 2.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 6EN 12416-2:2001Key 1 Powder container19 Drain connection 2 Fill opening20 Main powder valve with pneumatic drive 3 Pressure gauge A21 System test valve 4 Pressure regulator22 Main isolating valve 5 Pressure gauge B23 Solenoid valve 6 Expellant gas line24 Control line for selector valve 7 Expellant gas container25 Selector valve with pneumatic drive 8 Actuator for expellant gas container26 Flushing valve 9 Flexible connector27 Vent valve10 Pilot container28 Release control valve11 Actuators for pilot container29 Control line12 Solenoid actuator30 Pressure relief valve13 Manual actuator31 Powder nozzle14 Delay device32 Pipework15 Drop weight with wire rope33 Control panel and interface16 Non-return valve34 Fire detector17 Expellant gas tube35 Manual call point18 Powder diptube36 Alarm deviceFigure 1 - Typical arrangement of components in a powder systemSIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 7EN 12416-2:2001Figure 2 - Block diagram for powder extinguishing systemsAlarm device B(internal)Alarm device(external)Alarm device A(internal)Control devicePowder containerDistributionpipeworkSelector valveMain pipeworkNozzles* Compulsoryin case ofdanger forpeopleCompulsoryOptionalActuator forexpellant gascontainer valveChange overdevice forautomatic andmanual releaseTriggering deviceTime delaydevice*Shut down devicefor fans, blowers,enclosure sealingand operationequipmentManual triggeringdeviceAutomatic firesensorEmergency triggeringdevice, including powersupply, delay and alarmNon-electricaldisable deviceActuator forselector valveNon-electricaldisable deviceSIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 8EN 12416-2:20017
Reserve quantityWhen more than five separately released zones are included in the system a reserve quantity of powder andexpellant gas of at least the same amount as the supply quantity shall be permanently connected. After manualchangeover the reserve quantity and the supply quantity shall be in the fully operational mode. The reservequantity shall be stored in a separate container.8
Location of extinguishing powder container and expellant gas containerThe extinguishing powder container and expellant gas container as well as the reserve quantities shall be locatedas close as possible to the flooding zone but not exposed to the risk of fire. The container shall be marked with thewording: ”CONTAINER SHALL NOT BE EXPOSED TO THE RISK OF FIRE”.9
Safety precautionsIn the event that people could be exposed to a powder discharge, appropriate safeguards shall be provided toensure prompt evacuation of such locations, and to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped people.Appropriate safeguards include personnel training, warning signs, fire alarms, delay devices and provision ofrespiratory protection. In any case the national regulations and legislation valid in the place of use shall beconsidered.WARNING The discharge of powder can create hazards such as reduced visibility and temporary breathingdifficulty.10
Total flooding systems10.1
GeneralIn total flooding systems the total area of uncloseable openings shall not exceed 15 % of the total area.NOTELoss of powder from the enclosure generally reduces the extinguishing effectiveness of the system and should be minimized byclosing openings wherever possible.10.2
Quantity of powderThe quantity of powder discharged and the rate of application shall be sufficient to build up and maintain thecalculated amount (Q) throughout the enclosure with an adequate margin of safety to compensate for anyuncloseable openings, and for any ventilation system which is not shut down or closed off when the system isactivated. The closure of the openings shall be arranged to occur no later than the start of discharge.The total minimum quantity of powder shall be calculated with the following formula:Q = K1 V + K2 AS + K3 AL + K4 RV twhereQquantity of powder, in kilogramK1basic quantity factor, in kilograms per cubic metreK2additional quantity factor for openings 1% < AR < 5 % of the total area AR, in kilogram per square metreK3additional quantity factor for openings > 5 % of the total area, in kilograms per square metreK4additional quantity factor to compensate for any ventilation system which is not shut or closed down duringthe discharge, in kilograms per cubic metreVtotal enclosure volume, in cubic metresARtotal area of enclosure (walls, ceiling, floor), in square metresAStotal area of openings > 5 % of AR, in square metresALtotal area of openings 5% < AR < 15% of AR, in square metresRVventilation flow rate, in cubic metres per secondtdischarge time, in second.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 9EN 12416-2:2001For hydrocarbon fires the following K-factor values shall be used:K1 = 0,65 kg/m3K2 = 2,5 kg/m2K3 = 5,0 kg/m2K4 = 0,65 kg/m3For other types of fires the K-factors may be determined by fire tests or may be taken from reference installations.10.3
Maximum discharge time and minimum rate of powder discharge10.3.1
Maximum discharge timeThe period from the release of the powder system to the discharge of the calculated amount of powder shall notexceed 30 s.10.3.2
Minimum rate of powder dischargeThe minimum rate of discharge R, in kilograms per second, shall be not less than that given by the equationRQ30where Q is the calculated amount, in kilogram.10.4
Enclosure volumeThe enclosure volume V used in 10.2 shall be the gross volume of the enclosure less only the volume of anypermanent, impermeable, non-combustible elements (e.g. building elements) within the enclosure.10.5
Total flooding nozzlesTotal flooding nozzles shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.11
Local application systems11.1
General11.1.1
Local application systems shall be used to protect separate objects.11.1.2
Local application systems shall be designed and calculated differently for surface fires and equipment fires.If a combination of surface and equipment fires is to be protected the larger calculated amount of powder quantityshall be selected.A surface fire shall be calculated in accordance with Figure C.1.An equipment fire shall be calculated in accordance with 11.2.3 and Figure C.3 (indoor systems) and Figure C.4(outdoor systems). Example calculations for local application systems are given in annex B.11.2
Protection of local applications11.2.1
Local application nozzlesThe local application nozzles for surface or equipment fire shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer'srecommendation. Example calculations are given in annex A.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 10EN 12416-2:200111.2.2
Powder quantity, minimum discharge time and rateThe powder quantity, the minimum discharge time and rate can be designed in accordance with Figures C.1 to C.4depending on the arrangement of nozzles.11.2.3
Powder quantityThe powder quantity Q shall not be less thanQ = K5 ViwhereQpowder quantity, in kilogramViimaginary volume, in cubic metres, around the hazard projected on all sides to the nearest solid boundaryor to a distance of 1,5 m from the hazard whichever is the lessK5= 1,2 kg/m3.11.2.4
Maximum discharge timeThe period from the release of the powder system to the discharge of the calculated amount of powder shall notexceed 30 s.12
Control and release of powder extinguishing systems12.1
GeneralThe powder extinguishing system shall be automatic and manual release or manual release only.12.2
Type of fire sensorsFire sensors shall be either in accordance with the relevant part of EN 54 or, in its absence, an appropriatespecification valid in the place of use of the kit or in accordance with prEN 12094-9:1999.The number and location of fire sensors depends on their type, the structure of the room (size, height, ceilingsurface and roof surface etc.) and the environmental conditions in the protected area. Fire sensors shall be locatedso that they prevent false alarms.12.3
Location of fire sensorsThe maximum room height for the installation of fire sensors shall be according to table 2.Table 2 - SensorsRoom heightmMechanical or pneumatic firesensorElectric fire sensor 8allowed> 8not allowedsee prEN 54-14:1996The area of fire sensors shall not exceed 25 m2.In case of local application systems, the fire sensors shall be placed close to and in accordance with the object tobe protected.12.4
Electric fire detection systemsElectric fire detection systems for the initiation of the powder discharge shall be configured in coincidenceconnection.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 11EN 12416-2:200112.5
Delay deviceIf delay devices for evacuation of flooding zones are required in accordance with clause 9 the discharge shall bedelayed for a certain period of time after triggering. This pre-warning time shall not be longer than required toensure safe evacuation. If this time exceeds 30 s the complete fire protection measures shall be reconsidered.The release of the discharge of the powder system shall only occur after sounding the alarms has started, and thepre-warning time controlled by the delay device has finished.Mechanical or pneumatic delay devices shall be used.12.6
Manual triggering device12.6.1
The powder system shall be equipped with a manual triggering device.Manual triggering devices shall be located near the exit, outside the protected rooms or near the protected object inthe case of local application systems.12.6.2
Manual triggering devices shall be installed at normal operation height, at high-visibility locations. Theyshall be protected against being tripped accidentally.12.7
Alarm devices12.7.1
GeneralAlarm devices shall be installed to warn people inside the protected zones and to prevent people from entering intothe protected zones. The power source shall be designed to sound the alarm device for at least 30 min.When the system is triggered, a fire alarm shall be transmitted to a location which is continuously occupied (e.g.fire brigade or another central alarm station).12.7.2
Audible alarm deviceThe powder system shall be equipped with at least one audible alarm device. Alarms shall sound upon triggering ofthe fire detection system. Two completely independent alarm devices shall be used in the event of danger topeople (pneumatic alarm devices powered by the same source as the time delay device and a monitored lowvoltage electrical alarm device).12.7.3
Visual alarm indicatorsIn addition to audible alarms, visual alarm indicators may be installed.13
Pipework design13.1
Pipe dimensioning and general designThe pipe dimensioning shall be designed and the flow rate shall be calculated so that clogging of powder in thepipework is avoided. The calculation of the pipe dimensioning shall be based on tests and measurements.The pipework shall be made of stainless steel, copper, copper alloy or corrosion-protected steel (e.g. galvanized)or other materials with equivalent mechanical and physical properties. In any case the specific environmentalconditions shall be taken into consideration.All materials coming into contact with the medium shall be resistant to it.Non-metallic materials and elastomers need to be selected to be stable and not alter their performance over theworking life recommended by the manufacturer.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 12EN 12416-2:200113.2
Flanges and fittings13.2.1
FlangesFlanges shall comply with EN 1092 and shall be of a rating suitable for the expected pressures and temperatures.13.2.2
FittingsPipe fittings shall be either screwed or welded and shall be of a rating suitable for the expected pressures.13.3
Elbows and teesAll bends, long elbows, tees and fittings shall be designed in accordance with Figures 3, 4 and 5 so as to avoid adissociation of extinguishing powder and expelling gas.Figure 3 - Direction of flow through teesFigure 4 -
Arrangement of elbowsSIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 13EN 12416-2:2001a)
Junction not less than 20 pipe diameters fromelbows in same planeb)
Use of extra elbowsFigure 5 - Arrangement for parallel pipes13.4
Nozzle arrangement and selectionNozzles shall be sized and arranged in accordance with Figures 6 and 7.NOTEThe procedure according to Figures 6 and 7 allows a uniform distribution of powder. In Figure 6 the flow rate of thehydraulically favourable or unfavourable nozzle should not differ by more than 10 %, independent of the pipework.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 14EN 12416-2:2001a)
Example 1b) Example 2NOTE
All nozzles discharge at the same rate RFigure 6 - Examples
for symmetrically balanced system123Key1
Nozzle to discharge at R2
Nozzle to discharge at 4 R3
Nozzle to discharge at 2 RNOTE
Nozzles discharge at a rate of R, 2R and 4RFigure 7 - Non-symmetrical balanced systemSIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 15EN 12416-2:200113.5
Pipe hangersPipe hangers shall be fixed directly to the building or, if necessary, to machines, storage racks or other structures.They shall not be used to support any other installations. They shall be of the adjustable type in order to secure aneven load-bearing capability. Hangers shall completely surround the pipe and shall not be welded to the pipe orfittings.The part of the structure to which the supports are secured shall be capable of supporting the pipework (seetable 4). Pipe greater than 50 mm diameter shall not be supported from corrugated steel sheet or aerated concreteslabs.Distribution pipes shall have a suitable number of fixed points to take account of axial forces.No part of any hanger shall be made of combustible material. Nails shall not be used.Hangers for copper pipes shall be provided with a suitable lining with sufficient electrical resistance, in order toprevent contact corrosion.The maximum distance between pipe hangers shall be in accordance with table 3.Table 3 - Maximum pipework spansPipe sizemmMaximum spanm121,2151,5201,8252,1322,4402,7503,4653,4803,71004,31505,02006,0The distance from any terminal nozzle to a hanger shall not be less than 0,15 m and shall not exceed– 0,9 m for
25 mm diameter piping;– 1,2 m for piping greater than 25 mm diameter.Pipe hangers shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of table 4.The materials of the pipe hangers shall be at least 3 mm thick. If they are galvanised, a thickness of 2,5 mm will besufficient. This does not apply to pipe hangers made of hot-dip galvanised material, which may have a minimumsize of 25 mm x 1,5 mm for pipework up to a nominal diameter of 50 mm.SIST EN 12416-2:2001



Page 16EN 12416-2:2001Table 4 - Design parameters for pipe hangersNominal pipe diameter dmmMinimum load capacityat 20°C akgMinimum cross sectionbmm2Minimum length ofanchor bolt cmmd
5020030 (M 8)3050 < d
10035050 (M 10)40100 < d
15050070 (M 12)40150 < d
200850125 (M 16)50aWhen the material is heated to 200°C the load bearing capacity shall not deteriorate more than 25%bThe nominal cross section of threaded rods shall be increased so that the minimum cross section is still achieved.cThe length of anchor bolts depends on the type used and the quality and type of material into which they are to be fixed. Thevalues given are for concrete.14
Evaluation of characteristicsFor the purposes of this standard, the following powder systems kits are to be considered. The kits shall complywith the characteristics as given in EN 12416-1:2001 as follows :- KIT 1: powder container unit including pressure regulator pressurised between 8 s to maximum 30 s.- KIT
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