SIST ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1:2025

ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 9: Using XML schema with TTCN-3

2 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)

Reference
RES/MTS-201873-9v4131
Keywords
language, testing, TTCN-3, XML

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from the
ETSI Search & Browse Standards application.
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format on ETSI deliver repository.
Users should be aware that the present document may be revised or have its status changed,
this information is available in the Milestones listing.
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comments to
the relevant service listed under Committee Support Staff.
If you find a security vulnerability in the present document, please report it through our
Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) program.
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
No representation or warranty is made that this deliverable is technically accurate or sufficient or conforms to any law
and/or governmental rule and/or regulation and further, no representation or warranty is made of merchantability or fitness
for any particular purpose or against infringement of intellectual property rights.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.

Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2025.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 8
Foreword . 8
Modal verbs terminology . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Introduction . 11
5 Mapping XML Schemas . 12
5.0 Approach . 12
5.1 Namespaces and document references . 13
5.1.1 Namespaces . 13
5.1.2 Includes . 14
5.1.3 Imports . 15
5.1.4 Attributes of the XSD schema element . 15
5.1.5 The control namespace . 16
5.2 Name conversion . 17
5.2.1 General . 17
5.2.2 Name conversion rules . 17
5.2.3 Order of the mapping . 22
5.3 Mapping of XSD schema components . 23
5.4 Unsupported features . 23
5.5 Conformance and compatibility . 24
6 Built-in data types . 24
6.0 General . 24
6.1 Mapping of facets . 24
6.1.0 General . 24
6.1.1 Length . 25
6.1.2 MinLength . 26
6.1.3 MaxLength . 26
6.1.4 Pattern . 26
6.1.5 Enumeration . 28
6.1.6 WhiteSpace . 30
6.1.7 MinInclusive . 30
6.1.8 MaxInclusive . 32
6.1.9 MinExclusive . 33
6.1.10 MaxExclusive . 34
6.1.11 Total digits . 36
6.1.12 Fraction digits . 36
6.1.13 Not specifically mapped facets . 37
6.2 String types . 38
6.2.0 General . 38
6.2.1 String . 38
6.2.2 Normalized string . 38
6.2.3 Token . 38
6.2.4 Name . 39
6.2.5 NMTOKEN . 39
6.2.6 NCName . 39
6.2.7 ID . 39
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
6.2.8 IDREF . 39
6.2.9 ENTITY . 39
6.2.10 Hexadecimal binary . 39
6.2.11 Base 64 binary . 40
6.2.12 Any URI . 40
6.2.13 Language . 40
6.2.14 NOTATION . 40
6.3 Integer types . 40
6.3.0 General . 40
6.3.1 Integer . 41
6.3.2 Positive integer . 41
6.3.3 Non-positive integer . 41
6.3.4 Negative integer . 41
6.3.5 Non-negative integer. 41
6.3.6 Long . 41
6.3.7 Unsigned long . 41
6.3.8 Int . 42
6.3.9 Unsigned int . 42
6.3.10 Short. 42
6.3.11 Unsigned Short . 42
6.3.12 Byte . 42
6.3.13 Unsigned byte . 42
6.4 Float types . 43
6.4.0 General . 43
6.4.1 Decimal . 43
6.4.2 Float . 43
6.4.3 Double . 43
6.4.4 Precision decimal . 43
6.5 Time types . 43
6.5.0 General . 43
6.5.1 Duration . 44
6.5.2 Date and time . 44
6.5.3 Time . 44
6.5.4 Date . 44
6.5.5 Gregorian year and month . 45
6.5.6 Gregorian year . 45
6.5.7 Gregorian month and day . 45
6.5.8 Gregorian day . 45
6.5.9 Gregorian month . 45
6.5.10 Date and time stamp . 45
6.5.11 Duration in years and months . 46
6.5.12 Duration in days and time . 46
6.6 Sequence types . 46
6.6.0 General . 46
6.6.1 NMTOKENS . 46
6.6.2 IDREFS . 46
6.6.3 ENTITIES . 46
6.6.4 QName . 46
6.7 Boolean type . 47
6.8 AnyType and anySimpleType types. 47
6.9 Error type. 52
7 Mapping XSD components . 53
7.0 General . 53
7.1 Attributes of XSD component declarations . 53
7.1.0 General . 53
7.1.1 Id . 54
7.1.2 Ref . 54
7.1.3 Name . 54
7.1.4 MinOccurs and maxOccurs. 54
7.1.5 Default and Fixed . 59
7.1.6 Form. 60
ETSI
5 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
7.1.7 Type . 60
7.1.8 Mixed . 61
7.1.9 Abstract . 61
7.1.10 Block and blockDefault . 61
7.1.11 Nillable . 61
7.1.12 Use . 63
7.1.13 Substitution group . 63
7.1.14 Final . 64
7.1.15 Process contents . 64
7.2 Schema component. 64
7.3 Element component . 64
7.3.1 General rules . 64
7.3.2 Element with alternatives . 65
7.4 Attribute and attribute group definitions . 67
7.4.1 Attribute element definitions . 67
7.4.2 Attribute group definitions . 68
7.5 SimpleType components . 68
7.5.0 General . 68
7.5.1 Derivation by restriction . 68
7.5.2 Derivation by list . 69
7.5.3 Derivation by union . 71
7.6 ComplexType components . 75
7.6.0 General . 75
7.6.1 ComplexType containing simple content . 75
7.6.1.0 General . 75
7.6.1.1 Extending simple content . 75
7.6.1.2 Restricting simple content . 77
7.6.2 ComplexType containing complex content . 78
7.6.2.0 General . 78
7.6.2.1 Complex content derived by extension . 78
7.6.2.2 Complex content derived by restriction . 84
7.6.3 Referencing group components . 86
7.6.4 All content . 89
7.6.5 Choice content . 91
7.6.5.0 General . 91
7.6.5.1 Choice with nested elements . 91
7.6.5.2 Choice with nested group . 91
7.6.5.3 Choice with nested choice . 92
7.6.5.4 Choice with nested sequence. 93
7.6.5.5 Choice with nested any . 94
7.6.6 Sequence content . 94
7.6.6.0 General . 94
7.6.6.1 Sequence with nested element content . 94
7.6.6.2 Sequence with nested group content . 95
7.6.6.3 Sequence with nested choice content . 95
7.6.6.4 Sequence with nested sequence content . 96
7.6.6.5 Sequence with nested any content . 96
7.6.6.6 Effect of the minOccurs and maxOccurs attributes on the mapping . 97
7.6.7 Attribute definitions, attribute and attributeGroup references . 99
7.6.8 Mixed content . 101
7.7 Any and anyAttribute . 104
7.7.0 General . 104
7.7.1 The any element . 104
7.7.2 The anyAttribute element . 108
7.7.3 Open Content . 113
7.8 Annotation . 115
7.9 Group components . 115
7.10 Identity-constraint definition schema components . 116
8 Substitutions . 116
8.0 General . 116
8.1 Element substitution . 117
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
8.1.1 Head elements of substitution groups . 117
8.1.2 Substitution group members . 122
8.2 Type substitution . 122
Annex A (normative): TTCN-3 module XSD . 129
Annex B (normative): Encoding instructions . 134
B.0 General . 134
B.1 General . 134
B.2 Basic XML encode and variant attribute rules . 135
B.2.1 The XML encode attribute . 135
B.2.2 Variant Attribute Overwriting Rules . 135
B.3 Encoding instructions . 136
B.3.1 XSD data type identification . 136
B.3.2 Any element . 136
B.3.3 Any attributes . 137
B.3.4 Attribute . 138
B.3.5 AttributeFormQualified . 138
B.3.6 Control namespace identification . 139
B.3.7 Default for empty . 139
B.3.8 Element . 139
B.3.9 ElementFormQualified . 139
B.3.10 Embed values . 140
B.3.11 Form . 141
B.3.12 List. 141
B.3.13 Name as . 141
B.3.14 Namespace identification . 142
B.3.15 Nillable elements . 142
B.3.16 Use union. 143
B.3.17 Text . 143
B.3.18 Use number . 144
B.3.19 Use order . 144
B.3.20 Whitespace control . 144
B.3.21 Untagged elements . 145
B.3.22 Abstract . 145
B.3.23 Block . 146
B.3.24 Use type . 146
B.3.25 Process the content of any elements and attributes . 147
B.3.26 Transparent . 148
B.3.27 No Type . 148
B.3.28 Number of fraction digits . 148
B.3.29 XML header control . 149
B.3.30 Use alternative . 149
B.3.31 Alternative test . 149
B.3.32 Use open content . 150
B.3.33 Open content indexes . 150
Annex C (informative): Examples . 151
C.0 General . 151
C.1 Example 1 . 151
C.2 Example 2 . 153
C.3 Example 3 . 154
Annex D (informative): Deprecated features . 158
D.1 Using the anyElement encoding instruction to record of fields . 158
D.2 Using the XML language identifier string. 158
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
D.3 Id. 159
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 160
History . 161

ETSI
8 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI IPR online database.
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its
Members. 3GPP™, LTE™ and 5G™ logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the
3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of ®
the oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Methods for Testing and Specification
(MTS).
The present document is part 9 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [1].
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
9 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
1 Scope ®
The present document defines the mapping rules for W3C XML Schema (as defined in [7] to [8]) to TTCN-3 as
defined in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1] to enable testing of XML-based systems, interfaces and protocols.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI ES 201 873-1: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language".
[2] Void.
[3] Recommendation ITU-T X.680: "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
(ASN.1): Specification of basic notation".
[4] Recommendation ITU-T X.694: "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Mapping W3C
XML schema definitions into ASN.1".
[5] Void.
[6] Void. ®
[7] W3C Recommendation 5 April 2012: "XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1:
Structures". ®
[8] W3C Recommendation 5 April 2012: "XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2:
Datatypes".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding, but are not required for conformance to the present document. ®
[i.1] W3C Recommendation 27 April 2007: "SOAP version 1.2, Part 1: Messaging Framework".
[i.2] ISO 8601 (2004): "Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange -
Representation of dates and times".
[i.3] Void.
ETSI
10 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
[i.4] ISO/IEC 10646 (2012): "Information technology - Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)".
[i.5
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2025
Metode za preskušanje in specificiranje (MTS) - 3. različica zapisa preskušanja in
krmiljenja preskusov - 9. del: Uporaba sheme XML v TTCN-3
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS) - The Testing and Test Control Notation
version 3 - Part 9: Using XML schema with TTCN-3
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
ICS:
33.040.01 Telekomunikacijski sistemi Telecommunication systems
na splošno in general
35.060 Jeziki, ki se uporabljajo v Languages used in
informacijski tehniki in information technology
tehnologiji
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 9: Using XML schema with TTCN-3

2 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)

Reference
RES/MTS-201873-9v4131
Keywords
language, testing, TTCN-3, XML

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from the
ETSI Search & Browse Standards application.
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format on ETSI deliver repository.
Users should be aware that the present document may be revised or have its status changed,
this information is available in the Milestones listing.
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comments to
the relevant service listed under Committee Support Staff.
If you find a security vulnerability in the present document, please report it through our
Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) program.
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
No representation or warranty is made that this deliverable is technically accurate or sufficient or conforms to any law
and/or governmental rule and/or regulation and further, no representation or warranty is made of merchantability or fitness
for any particular purpose or against infringement of intellectual property rights.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.

Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2025.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 8
Foreword . 8
Modal verbs terminology . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Introduction . 11
5 Mapping XML Schemas . 12
5.0 Approach . 12
5.1 Namespaces and document references . 13
5.1.1 Namespaces . 13
5.1.2 Includes . 14
5.1.3 Imports . 15
5.1.4 Attributes of the XSD schema element . 15
5.1.5 The control namespace . 16
5.2 Name conversion . 17
5.2.1 General . 17
5.2.2 Name conversion rules . 17
5.2.3 Order of the mapping . 22
5.3 Mapping of XSD schema components . 23
5.4 Unsupported features . 23
5.5 Conformance and compatibility . 24
6 Built-in data types . 24
6.0 General . 24
6.1 Mapping of facets . 24
6.1.0 General . 24
6.1.1 Length . 25
6.1.2 MinLength . 26
6.1.3 MaxLength . 26
6.1.4 Pattern . 26
6.1.5 Enumeration . 28
6.1.6 WhiteSpace . 30
6.1.7 MinInclusive . 30
6.1.8 MaxInclusive . 32
6.1.9 MinExclusive . 33
6.1.10 MaxExclusive . 34
6.1.11 Total digits . 36
6.1.12 Fraction digits . 36
6.1.13 Not specifically mapped facets . 37
6.2 String types . 38
6.2.0 General . 38
6.2.1 String . 38
6.2.2 Normalized string . 38
6.2.3 Token . 38
6.2.4 Name . 39
6.2.5 NMTOKEN . 39
6.2.6 NCName . 39
6.2.7 ID . 39
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
6.2.8 IDREF . 39
6.2.9 ENTITY . 39
6.2.10 Hexadecimal binary . 39
6.2.11 Base 64 binary . 40
6.2.12 Any URI . 40
6.2.13 Language . 40
6.2.14 NOTATION . 40
6.3 Integer types . 40
6.3.0 General . 40
6.3.1 Integer . 41
6.3.2 Positive integer . 41
6.3.3 Non-positive integer . 41
6.3.4 Negative integer . 41
6.3.5 Non-negative integer. 41
6.3.6 Long . 41
6.3.7 Unsigned long . 41
6.3.8 Int . 42
6.3.9 Unsigned int . 42
6.3.10 Short. 42
6.3.11 Unsigned Short . 42
6.3.12 Byte . 42
6.3.13 Unsigned byte . 42
6.4 Float types . 43
6.4.0 General . 43
6.4.1 Decimal . 43
6.4.2 Float . 43
6.4.3 Double . 43
6.4.4 Precision decimal . 43
6.5 Time types . 43
6.5.0 General . 43
6.5.1 Duration . 44
6.5.2 Date and time . 44
6.5.3 Time . 44
6.5.4 Date . 44
6.5.5 Gregorian year and month . 45
6.5.6 Gregorian year . 45
6.5.7 Gregorian month and day . 45
6.5.8 Gregorian day . 45
6.5.9 Gregorian month . 45
6.5.10 Date and time stamp . 45
6.5.11 Duration in years and months . 46
6.5.12 Duration in days and time . 46
6.6 Sequence types . 46
6.6.0 General . 46
6.6.1 NMTOKENS . 46
6.6.2 IDREFS . 46
6.6.3 ENTITIES . 46
6.6.4 QName . 46
6.7 Boolean type . 47
6.8 AnyType and anySimpleType types. 47
6.9 Error type. 52
7 Mapping XSD components . 53
7.0 General . 53
7.1 Attributes of XSD component declarations . 53
7.1.0 General . 53
7.1.1 Id . 54
7.1.2 Ref . 54
7.1.3 Name . 54
7.1.4 MinOccurs and maxOccurs. 54
7.1.5 Default and Fixed . 59
7.1.6 Form. 60
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5 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
7.1.7 Type . 60
7.1.8 Mixed . 61
7.1.9 Abstract . 61
7.1.10 Block and blockDefault . 61
7.1.11 Nillable . 61
7.1.12 Use . 63
7.1.13 Substitution group . 63
7.1.14 Final . 64
7.1.15 Process contents . 64
7.2 Schema component. 64
7.3 Element component . 64
7.3.1 General rules . 64
7.3.2 Element with alternatives . 65
7.4 Attribute and attribute group definitions . 67
7.4.1 Attribute element definitions . 67
7.4.2 Attribute group definitions . 68
7.5 SimpleType components . 68
7.5.0 General . 68
7.5.1 Derivation by restriction . 68
7.5.2 Derivation by list . 69
7.5.3 Derivation by union . 71
7.6 ComplexType components . 75
7.6.0 General . 75
7.6.1 ComplexType containing simple content . 75
7.6.1.0 General . 75
7.6.1.1 Extending simple content . 75
7.6.1.2 Restricting simple content . 77
7.6.2 ComplexType containing complex content . 78
7.6.2.0 General . 78
7.6.2.1 Complex content derived by extension . 78
7.6.2.2 Complex content derived by restriction . 84
7.6.3 Referencing group components . 86
7.6.4 All content . 89
7.6.5 Choice content . 91
7.6.5.0 General . 91
7.6.5.1 Choice with nested elements . 91
7.6.5.2 Choice with nested group . 91
7.6.5.3 Choice with nested choice . 92
7.6.5.4 Choice with nested sequence. 93
7.6.5.5 Choice with nested any . 94
7.6.6 Sequence content . 94
7.6.6.0 General . 94
7.6.6.1 Sequence with nested element content . 94
7.6.6.2 Sequence with nested group content . 95
7.6.6.3 Sequence with nested choice content . 95
7.6.6.4 Sequence with nested sequence content . 96
7.6.6.5 Sequence with nested any content . 96
7.6.6.6 Effect of the minOccurs and maxOccurs attributes on the mapping . 97
7.6.7 Attribute definitions, attribute and attributeGroup references . 99
7.6.8 Mixed content . 101
7.7 Any and anyAttribute . 104
7.7.0 General . 104
7.7.1 The any element . 104
7.7.2 The anyAttribute element . 108
7.7.3 Open Content . 113
7.8 Annotation . 115
7.9 Group components . 115
7.10 Identity-constraint definition schema components . 116
8 Substitutions . 116
8.0 General . 116
8.1 Element substitution . 117
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
8.1.1 Head elements of substitution groups . 117
8.1.2 Substitution group members . 122
8.2 Type substitution . 122
Annex A (normative): TTCN-3 module XSD . 129
Annex B (normative): Encoding instructions . 134
B.0 General . 134
B.1 General . 134
B.2 Basic XML encode and variant attribute rules . 135
B.2.1 The XML encode attribute . 135
B.2.2 Variant Attribute Overwriting Rules . 135
B.3 Encoding instructions . 136
B.3.1 XSD data type identification . 136
B.3.2 Any element . 136
B.3.3 Any attributes . 137
B.3.4 Attribute . 138
B.3.5 AttributeFormQualified . 138
B.3.6 Control namespace identification . 139
B.3.7 Default for empty . 139
B.3.8 Element . 139
B.3.9 ElementFormQualified . 139
B.3.10 Embed values . 140
B.3.11 Form . 141
B.3.12 List. 141
B.3.13 Name as . 141
B.3.14 Namespace identification . 142
B.3.15 Nillable elements . 142
B.3.16 Use union. 143
B.3.17 Text . 143
B.3.18 Use number . 144
B.3.19 Use order . 144
B.3.20 Whitespace control . 144
B.3.21 Untagged elements . 145
B.3.22 Abstract . 145
B.3.23 Block . 146
B.3.24 Use type . 146
B.3.25 Process the content of any elements and attributes . 147
B.3.26 Transparent . 148
B.3.27 No Type . 148
B.3.28 Number of fraction digits . 148
B.3.29 XML header control . 149
B.3.30 Use alternative . 149
B.3.31 Alternative test . 149
B.3.32 Use open content . 150
B.3.33 Open content indexes . 150
Annex C (informative): Examples . 151
C.0 General . 151
C.1 Example 1 . 151
C.2 Example 2 . 153
C.3 Example 3 . 154
Annex D (informative): Deprecated features . 158
D.1 Using the anyElement encoding instruction to record of fields . 158
D.2 Using the XML language identifier string. 158
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
D.3 Id. 159
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 160
History . 161

ETSI
8 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
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Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Methods for Testing and Specification
(MTS).
The present document is part 9 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [1].
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
9 ETSI ES 201 873-9 V4.13.1 (2025-10)
1 Scope ®
The present document defines the mapping rules for W3C XML Schema (as defined in [7] to [8]) to TTCN-3 as
defined in ETSI ES 201 873-1 [1] to enable testing of XML-based systems, interfaces and protocols.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI ES 201 873-1: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Testing and Test Control
Notation version 3; Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language".
[2] Void.
[3] Recommendation ITU-T X.680: "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
(ASN.1): Specification of basic notation".
[4] Recommendation ITU-T X.694: "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Mapping W3C
XML schema definitions into ASN.1".
[5] Void.
[6] Void. ®
[7] W3C Recommendation 5 April 2012: "XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1
...