SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
- Abstract
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit within 200 kHz sub-bands using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [7]. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• hand portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Feb-2006
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Mar-2006
- Due Date
- 01-Mar-2006
- Completion Date
- 01-Mar-2006
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 302 208-1, published by SIST. It specifies technical requirements and methods of measurement for radio frequency identification (RFID) equipment operating in the 865 MHz to 868 MHz band with power levels up to 2 W e.r.p. The document is for RFID interrogators and tags used together as a system, and for the providers and test laboratories that verify them.
What does SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 specify?
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 specifies the minimum technical characteristics and test methods needed to use the available frequencies efficiently for RFID equipment in the 865 MHz to 868 MHz range. It treats the equipment as a short-range device system in which interrogators transmit in 200 kHz sub-bands and tags reply with a modulated signal.
The scope covers fixed interrogators, hand portable interrogators, batteryless tags, battery assisted tags, and battery powered tags. Interrogators may use integral or external antennas. EMC requirements are handled by EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-3, so this document focuses on the RFID radio behavior and its measurement.
The document is organized into:
- Clause 1 Scope
- Clause 2 References
- Clause 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
- Clause 4 Technical requirement specifications
- Clauses 5 to 7 Test conditions, general conditions, and measurement uncertainty
- Clauses 8 to 10 Transmitter, receiver, and tag emission measurements
- Annexes A to D
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Radiated measurement sites, arrangements, standard test positions, and test fixture use |
| Annex B | Technical performance of the spectrum analyser |
| Annex C | Determination and use of the measurement bandwidth |
| Annex D | Bibliography |
What are the key requirements of SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006?
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is built around frequency-agile operation and a defined test process. The most important requirements are the listen-before-talk behavior, the way equipment is presented for test, and the transmitter and receiver measurements that prove the equipment stays within the band plan.
Band access and interrogator behavior
Clause 4.1 requires interrogators to use frequency agile techniques with "listen before talk". In practice, the interrogator must check whether a sub-band is occupied before it transmits, which is how the standard limits interference between users of the same band.
Clause 4.1.1.1 says that before each transmission the interrogator receiver must switch to listen mode and monitor a selected sub-band for at least the declared listen time. If the sensed signal is above the threshold, the interrogator must not transmit there and must search for another free sub-band. If the highest sub-band is selected, it may move to the lowest permitted sub-band.
Clause 9.2 defines the listen time as a fixed 5 ms plus a random time from 0 ms to 5 ms in 11 steps. If the sub-band is free, the random part is set to 0 ms. That timing matters because it sets how quickly the interrogator can claim a channel and how repeatable the test result must be.
How equipment is presented for testing
Clause 4.2 requires equipment to be tested over all frequencies on which it is intended to operate, and at the highest carrier power if the device has multiple power levels. The provider must choose operating frequencies according to the sub-band plan and must provide the information needed to support the declared operation.
Clause 4.2.4 defines test mode expectations. The interrogator must be able to transmit normal test signals at the maximum data rate, the tag must be able to produce a continuous modulated response, and the listen-before-talk feature must be testable with a pre-selected sub-band. This matters because the lab must be able to force the equipment into the same states that real use depends on.
Clause 4.4 requires the provider to declare the necessary technical information, including a written description of how the frequency agile listen-before-talk operation works. Clause 4.5 requires the necessary test signal sources, sample tags, and setup information to accompany the equipment.
Test conditions and measurement practice
Clauses 5 to 7 set the test conditions, power sources, and ambient temperatures. Where equipment can use external or internal power, it must be tested with both. Clause 6.2 allows an artificial antenna when applicable, and clause 6.3 describes the test fixture for integral antenna equipment without a 50 Ω RF output connector.
Clause 6.6 says the measuring receiver may be a frequency selective voltmeter or a spectrum analyser, and its reference bandwidth must follow the CISPR 16-1 basis used by the document. Clause 7 requires measurement uncertainty to be stated in the test report and kept within the figures in Table 3. For buyers and quality teams, this is the part that controls whether different test labs are using comparable methods.
Transmitter requirements
Clause 8 covers transmitter parameters such as frequency error, frequency stability under low voltage conditions, radiated power (e.r.p.), the transmitter spectrum mask, spurious emissions, and transmission times. Clause 8.3 applies to equipment with an integral antenna and to equipment with a dedicated antenna, and it allows either radiated or conducted measurement methods.
If the antenna is dedicated, the beamwidth must stay within the limits given in clause 8.3.3. Clause 8.5 requires spurious emissions to be measured and, where applicable, repeated on standby and at the lowest carrier power setting. That repetition is important because it checks that the transmitter stays clean not only at maximum output but also at other operating points.
Receiver and tag requirements
Clause 9 covers receiver performance in listen mode and talk mode, including receiver threshold, blocking or desensitisation, and adjacent sub-band selectivity. These tests show whether the interrogator can still find a free sub-band and communicate with a tag when other signals are present.
Clause 10 covers tag emissions outside the sub-band edges. The tag emissions are compared against a defined spectrum mask, so the tag’s continuous modulated response does not spread too far outside the intended operating area.
What terms does SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 define?
- Assigned frequency band - the frequency range within which the device is authorized to operate.
- Battery assisted tag - a transponder that uses a battery to improve receive performance and power internal circuitry.
- Batteryless tag - a transponder that gets all operating power from the interrogator field.
- Battery powered tag - a transponder that uses battery power for all of its operational functions.
- Interrogator - equipment that activates a tag and reads, and sometimes changes, its data.
- Listen before talk - the interrogator action of checking for an unoccupied sub-band before transmitting.
- Effective radiated power (e.r.p.) - the radiated power value used for transmitter limits and measurement.
- Equipment Under Test (EUT) - the device being measured in the test setup.
Who uses SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006?
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is used by RFID equipment manufacturers, compliance engineers, test laboratories, and certification teams. It is also relevant for quality managers and buyers who need to understand what test evidence supports a product claim.
Manufacturers use it to design interrogators and tags for the 865 MHz to 868 MHz band, choose antenna arrangements, and document listen-before-talk behavior. Test labs use it to set up radiated or conducted measurements, apply the correct test conditions, and report uncertainty. Buyers and quality teams use it to compare offered equipment against the same technical and measurement framework.
Which standards are used with SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006?
- ETSI TR 100 028 - provides the method for calculating measurement uncertainty.
- CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 - gives the short range device context for spectrum use.
- CISPR 16-1 - defines the measurement receiver reference bandwidth basis.
- ETSI EN 301 489-1 - gives the common EMC technical requirements for radio equipment and services.
- ETSI TR 102 273 - gives guidance on radiated methods of measurement and their uncertainty.
- ANSI C63.5 - covers antenna calibration for radiated emission measurements.
- ETSI EN 301 489-3 - gives EMC conditions specific to short-range devices.
- Part 2 of the same deliverable - is the harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive.
What does the SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 document contain?
The document contains step-by-step measurement methods for transmitter and receiver behavior, plus the supporting setup rules needed to run those tests consistently. It includes a table for measuring receiver bandwidth, a table for measurement uncertainty, and spectrum mask figures for transmitter and tag emissions.
Annex A describes the radiated test sites and standard test positions, including the anechoic chamber, the chamber with a conductive ground plane, and the Open Area Test Site (OATS). Annex B sets the technical performance needed for the spectrum analyser. Annex C explains how to relate reference bandwidth and measurement bandwidth. Together, these parts support design verification, type testing, and laboratory measurement reporting.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement". This standard covers: The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz to 868 MHz. The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit within 200 kHz sub-bands using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [7]. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows: • fixed interrogators; • hand portable interrogators; • batteryless tags; • battery assisted tags; • battery powered tags.
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz to 868 MHz. The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit within 200 kHz sub-bands using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [7]. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows: • fixed interrogators; • hand portable interrogators; • batteryless tags; • battery assisted tags; • battery powered tags.
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1:2006 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP (50 ±
2SUHPD]DLGHQWLILNDFLMRUDGLMVNLKIUHNYHQFNLGHOXMHYSDVXRG0+]GR
0+]]PRþQRVWQLPLQLYRMLGR:±GHO 7HKQLþQH]DKWHYHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency
Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up
to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 208-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG34-001-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirement specifications.9
4.1 General requirements.9
4.1.1 General performance criteria .9
4.1.1.1 Receiver functional specification.9
4.1.1.1.1 Listen mode.10
4.1.1.1.2 Talk mode.10
4.1.2 Receiver classification.10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .10
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges .11
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies.11
4.2.2.2 Sub-band range.11
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies .11
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing.11
4.2.4 Test mode.11
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels .12
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) .12
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector.12
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector.12
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.12
4.3.1 General.12
4.3.2 Controls.12
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.13
4.3.4 CE Marking.13
4.3.4.1 Equipment identification, additional marking.13
4.4 Declarations by the provider .13
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment .13
4.6 Interpretation of the measurement results .13
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .13
5.2 Test power sources .14
5.2.1 External test power source.14
5.2.2 Internal test power source .14
5.3 Normal test conditions.14
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.14
5.3.2 Normal test power source .14
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.14
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .14
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.15
5.4 Extreme test conditions .15
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.15
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.15
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation .15
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation .15
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.16
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.16
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.16
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .16
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries.16
5.4.2.4 Other power sources.16
6 General conditions.17
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation.17
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data .17
6.2 Artificial antenna.17
6.3 Test fixture.17
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .17
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter .18
6.6 Measuring receiver.18
7 Measurement uncertainty.18
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .19
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment.19
8.1.1 Definition.19
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error.19
8.1.3 Limits.19
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions .19
8.2.1 Definition.19
8.2.2 Method of measurement.19
8.2.3 Limits.20
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.).20
8.3.1 Definition.20
8.3.2 Method of measurement.20
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement.20
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement.21
8.3.3 Limits.21
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask.22
8.4.1 Definition.22
8.4.2 Method of measurement.22
8.4.3 Limits.23
8.5 Spurious emissions.23
8.5.1 Definition.23
8.5.2 Method of measurement.23
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i).24
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii).24
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b).25
8.5.3 Limits.25
8.6 Transmission times.25
8.6.1 Definition.25
8.6.2 Method of measurement.26
8.6.3 Limits.26
9 Receiver parameters.26
9.1 Receiver threshold in listen mode .26
9.1.1 Definition.27
9.1.2 Method of measurement.27
9.1.3 Limits.28
9.2 Listen time.28
9.3 Blocking or desensitisation in listen mode .28
9.3.1 Definition.28
9.3.2 Method of measurement.29
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.29
9.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement.30
9.3.3 Limits.32
9.4 Adjacent sub-band selectivity in talk mode.32
9.4.1 Definition.32
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
9.4.2 Method of measurement.32
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.32
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.32
9.4.3 Limits.33
9.5 Blocking or desensitisation in talk mode.33
9.5.1 Definition.33
9.5.2 Method of measurement.33
9.5.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.33
9.5.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.34
9.5.3 Limits.34
9.6 Spurious emissions.35
9.6.1 Definition.35
9.6.2 Method of measurement.35
9.6.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.6.1, a) i).35
9.6.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.6.1, a) ii).35
9.6.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.6.1, b).36
9.6.3 Limits.36
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions outside the sub-band edges .36
10.1 Definition.36
10.2 Method of measurement.37
10.3 Limits.37
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.39
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.39
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.39
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane.40
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .41
A.1.4 Test antenna.42
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.43
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.43
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.43
A.1.7.1 General.43
A.1.7.2 Description.43
A.1.7.3 Calibration.43
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .43
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .44
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .44
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.44
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.44
A.2.4 Range length.44
A.2.5 Site preparation.45
A.3 Coupling of signals.46
A.3.1 General.46
A.3.2 Data signals.46
A.4 Standard test position.46
A.5 Test fixture.47
A.5.1 Description.47
A.5.2 Calibration.47
A.5.3 Mode of use.48
Annex B (normative): Technical performance of the spectrum analyser.49
Annex C (informative): Determination and use of the measurement bandwidth.50
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.51
History .52
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative guidelines on the technical performance of the spectrum analyser used for measurement of
the EUT.
Annex C provides informative guidelines on the relationship between reference bandwidths and resolution bandwidths`
for measuring receivers.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz at power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 3 September 2004
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 December 2004
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 June 2005
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 June 2005
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
within 200 kHz sub-bands using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal. Interrogators may be
used with either integral or external antennas.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [7].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• hand portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[3] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods;
Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[4] ETSI EN 301 489-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1:
Common technical requirements".
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
[6] ANSI C63.5: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[7] ETSI EN 301 489-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 3: Specific
conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 40 GHz".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
frequency agile technique: the technique used to determine an unoccupied sub-band in order to minimize interference
with other users of the same band
full tests: all tests specified in EN 302 208-1
global scroll: a mode in which an interrogator is able continuously to read the same tag
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
limited tests: limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of EN 302 208-1) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error, see clauses 8.1 and 8.2 of EN 302 208-1;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of EN 302 208-1.
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
listen before talk: action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied sub-band prior to transmitting (also known
as "listen before transmit")
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: a specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected sub-band and transmits
automatically on another sub-band
NOTE: See clause 4.2.4, section 5.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
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9 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Rate
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
FT Full Tests
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators are only permitted where they employ frequency agile techniques using "listen before talk".
4.1.1 General performance criteria
To minimise interference to other users, the receivers of interrogators must be able to detect emissions from other radio
devices in the band according to the following criteria:
a) Where the receiver of an interrogator detects that a sub-band is already occupied by another device, the
interrogator will automatically switch to an unused sub-band before transmitting its carrier.
b) In situations where the receiver of an interrogator detects that all of the sub-bands in the permitted band are
occupied by other devices the interrogator shall remain in the idle mode. The interrogator shall not transmit its
carrier until its receiver has detected a sub-band that is unused.
4.1.1.1 Receiver functional specification
To ensure that the interrogator detects the presence of other devices with which it could potentially interfere, the
receiver of the interrogator shall conform to the requirements of clauses 4.1.1.1.1 and 4.1.1.1.2.
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10 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
4.1.1.1.1 Listen mode
Immediately prior to each transmission by an interrogator, its receiver shall switch to the listen mode and monitor a
selected sub-band for a period of not less than the limit defined in clause 9.2. While in the listen mode the sensitivity of
the receiver in the interrogator shall be set to enable detection at the appropriate threshold level as defined in
clause 9.1.3. Any signal detected by the receiver in excess of the threshold level shall indicate that another equipment
already occupies the sub-band. In such a situation the interrogator shall not transmit but monitor other sub-bands within
the permitted band until it detects one in which the received signals are below the threshold level. Alternatively, the
interrogator may remain on the same sub-band until it is clear. The interrogator shall then implement the listen time in
accordance with clause 9.2.
4.1.1.1.2 Talk mode
An interrogator that has detected an unoccupied sub-band shall be permitted to transmit on that sub-band in accordance
with the requirements of clause 8.6. At the same time the receiver of the interrogator shall switch to the "talk" mode.
The provider shall determine the sensitivity of the receiver in the "talk" mode in accordance with the needs of the
application (see clause 9.1.3).
In the event that an interrogator, which is engaged in a dialogue with a tag, is subjected to interference, it may switch to
another sub-band having first determined that this sub-band is unoccupied.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous carrier for a period not exceeding the period defined in clause 8.6.3. At the
end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same sub-band for the period defined in
clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may immediately listen on each of the other sub-bands for a period of not
less than the limit specified in clause 9.2 to locate one that is unoccupied. If the interrogator determines that a sub-band
is vacant it may send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation.
4.1.2 Receiver classification
Since "listen before talk" is mandatory, the receiver of the interrogator shall comply with all of the requirements
specified for the "listen mode" contained in clause 9.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is
intended to operate.
Providers shall select frequencies of operation in accordance with the plan for sub-bands defined in clause 4.2.2.1 and in
accordance with the power levels defined in table 4.
If equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, measurement of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed according to the present document on samples of equipment as defined in clauses 4.2.1 to 4.5. These clauses
are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the
necessity of performing measurements at all frequencies.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing.
If an equipment has several optional features considered not to affect the RF parameters then tests need only be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
In the case of hand portable equipment without a 50 Ω external antenna connector, see clause 4.2.6.
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11 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.1.1 (2004-09)
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies
Interrogators shall operate within the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz in multiple sub-bands of 200 kHz. The centre
frequency of the lowest sub-band shall be 865,1 MHz.
4.2.2.2 Sub-band range
When submitting equipment for testing, the provider shall state the frequencies of the sub-bands over which the
interrogator will operate. The provider shall also confirm that the interrogator shall operate over all of the declared
sub-bands without any change to the circuit or trimming of discrete components.
Trimming is an act by which the value (in this case relating to frequency) of a component is changed within the circuit.
This act may include the physical alteration, substitution (by components of similar size and type) or
activation/de-activation (via the setting of soldered bridges) of components.
4.2.2.3 Test
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