SIST EN ISO 5198:2000

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2000
Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for hydraulic performance tests -
Precision class (ISO 5198:1987)
Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for hydraulic performance tests -
Precision class (ISO 5198:1987)
Kreiselpumpen (Radial-, Halbaxial- und Axialkreiselpumpen) - Regeln für die Messung
der hydraulischen Betriebsverhaltens - Präzisionsklasse (ISO 5198:1987)
Pompes centrifuges, hélico-centrifuges et hélices - Code d'essais de fonctionnement
hydraulique - Classe de précision (ISO 5198:1987)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5198:1998
ICS:
23.080 ýUSDONH Pumps
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

IS0
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
First edition
1987-07-O 1
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXflYHAPOflHAfl OPTAHM3A~klfl l-l0 CTAH~APTM3A~MM
Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for
hydraulic performance tests - Precision class
Code d’essais de fonctionnement
Pompes ten trifuges, h&co-ten trifuges et hklices -
h ydraufique - Classe de prbision
Reference number
IS0 5198: 1987 (E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard IS0 5198 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 115,
Pumps.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1987
Printed in Switzerland
ii
IS0 5198 :I987 (E)
Contents
Page
. . . . I
0 Introduction. . . . . . .
............. 1
1 Scope . . . . . . . . .
. . . . I
2 Field of application . . . . . .
. . . . 2
3 References. . . . . . .
Section one : General recommendations
4 Definitions and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Specified duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 General requirements for tests . . . . . .
Section two : Measurement methods
7 Measurement of rate of flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . 17
LI
8 Measurement of head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................................... 38
9 Measurement of speed of rotation
......................................... 38
10 Measurement of power input
........ . . 41
11 Measurement of pump efficiency by the thermodynamic method
.................................................. . .
12 Cavitation tests 51
Annexes
A Estimation and analysis of uncertainties . . . 57
B Comparison of test results with specified duty. . . . 61
C Thermodynamic properties of water and assessment of the accuracy
................ 65
of efficiency measurements by the thermodynamic method
D . 78
Other cavitation tests
E . 80
Frictionlosses.
. . .
III
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for
hydraulic performance tests - Precision class
0 Introduction This International Standard does not recommend any construc-
tional tolerance nor any global tolerance for acceptance pur-
This International Standard is the first of a set of International poses; it is devoted to specifying and describing procedure and
Standards dealing with performance tests of centrifugal, mixed methods for accurately ascertaining the performance of a pump
flow and axial pumps (in the rest of the text referred to as under the conditions in which it is tested. Contractual
“pumps”). interpretation of the test results must be the subject of a special
agreement between the parties concerned (see annex B).
It specifies precision class tests (former class A). Engineering
class I and class II tests (former classes B and C) will be the Pump performance may be greatly affected by the installation
subject of a further International Standard? conditions, and this must be especially considered when
drawing up the contract if a precision class test is to be carried
The aims of these classes are quite different.
The precision class is mainly used for research, develop-
ment and scientific purposes in laboratories, where an
4 Scope
extremely high accuracy of measurement is important.
This International Standard specifies precision class pe rfor-
The engineering classes are generally applied for acceptance
mance tests for centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps.
tests.
It defines the terms and quantities that are used and specifies
In most cases, engineering class II is adequate for acceptance
general requirements for tests. It specifies ways of measuring
tests. The use of engineering class I is restricted to special
the characteristic quantities of the precision class so as
cases when there is a need to have the pump performance
to ascertain the performance of the pump and thus provide a
more precisely defined. However, there may be cases of high
basis for comparison with the performance specified in the
importance, in which even an engineering class I acceptance
contract.
test will be judged inadequate for the precision required for
defining pump performance. In these cases the use of the
The structural details of pumps and the mechanical properties
precision class may exceptionally be necessary for an accep-
of their co mponents lie outside the scope of this I
nternational
tance test.
Standard.
Attention must be paid to the fact that the accuracy required
This International Standard does not specify constructional
for a precision class test significantly increases the test costs by
tolerances, which are purely contractual.
comparison with the costs for an engineering class test.
Precision class tests may not always be practicable, even when
great effort and expense are devoted to measurements. Perfor-
2 Field of application
mance tests to precision class specifications will be required,
and are possible, only in suitable circumstances. Therefore This International Standard gives recommendations for
both the purchaser and the manufacturer shall carefully ex- hydraulic performance testing of centrifugal, mixed-flow and
amine whether the accuracy required for a precision class test axial pumps when these tests have to meet very special require-
might be achieved either on site, on the manufacturer’s test
ments for research, development or acceptance of industrial
bed or in a mutually agreed laboratory. It should be noted that it high-tech. pumps, or when very accurate knowledge of perfor-
may not be possible to guarantee precision class accuracy in
mance characteristics is of prime importance.
advance of the tests.
This International Standard also applies to models and proto-
The purpose of this International Standard is to specify how to types whether the pumps are tested on a test bench or on site if
carry out a test with extremely high precision. installation conditions so permit.
1) At present, they are dealt with in IS0 2548 and IS0 3555.

IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
It applies IS0 3534, Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols.
-
either to the pu mp itself without fittings, which re-
IS0 3555, Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for
quires that the pump ends are accessible; or
acceptance tests - Class B.
-
to the whole assembly of pump and of all or part of its
IS0 3846, Liquid flow measurement in open channels by weirs
upstream and downstream fittings, which is the case for
and flumes - Free overfall weirs of finite crest width frec-
pumps with inaccessible ends (submerged pumps, etc.).
tangular broad-crested weirs).
NOTES
IS0 3966, Measurement of fluid flow conduits -
in closed
1 Attention is drawn to the fact that nearly all industrial needs are
Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes.
covered by the codes of acceptance testing of industrial classes I
and II.
I SO 4185, Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits -
2 Acceptance tests for site and model storage pumps are dealt with in
Weighing method.
IEC Publications 198 and 497.
IS0 4359, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Rec-
tangular, trapezoidal and U-shaped flumes.
3 References
IS0 4360, Liquid flow measurement in open channels by weirs
IS 0 31, Quantities, units and symbols.
and flumes - Triangular profile weirs.
IS0 555, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilu-
tion methods for measurement of steady flow -
IS0 4373, Measurement of liquid flow In open channels -
Water level measuring devices.
Part 1: Constan t-rate injection method.
Part 2: Integration (sudden injection) method.
IS0 5167, Measurement of fluid flow by means of orifice
plates, nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-
Part 3: Cons tan t-ra te injection method and integration
section conduits running full.
method using radioactive tracers.
IS0 1438, Liquid flow measurement in open channels using I S 0 5168, Measurement of fluid flow - Es tima tion of uncer-
tainty of a flow-rate measurement.
thin-plate weirs and venturi flumes.
IS0 1 4381 1, Water flow measurement in open channels using
I SO 7194, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -
weirs and venturi flumes - Part I: Thin-plate weirs.
Velocity-area methods of flow measurement in swirling or
asymmetric flow conditions in circular ducts by means of
IS0 2186, Fluid flow in closed conduits - Connections for
current-meters or Pito t static tubes.
pressure signal transmissions between primary and secondary
elements.
IS0 8316, Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits -
Method by collection of the liquid in a volumetric tank. l)
IS0 2548, Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps - Code for
acceptance tests - Class C.
IEC Publication 34-2, Rotating electrical machines - Part 2:
Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating elec-
IS0 2975, Measurement of water flow in closed conduits -
trical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction
Tracer methods -
vehicles).
Part I: General.
IEC Publication 41 , In terna tional code for the field acceptance
method using non-
Part 2: Constant injection
tests of hydraulic turbines.
radioactive tracers.
Part 3: Constant rate injection method using radioactive IEC Publication 193, International code for
model acceptance
tracers. tests of hydraulic turbines.
Part 6: Transit time method using non-radioactive tracers.
IEC Publication 198, International code for the field acceptance
tests of storage pumps.
Part 7: Transit time method using radioactive tracers.
IS0 3354, Measurement of clean water flow in closed con- IEC Publication 497, International code for
acceptance
- Velocity-area method using current-meters,
duits tests of storage pumps.
1) At present at the stage of draft.
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
Section one : General recommendations
4 Definitions and symbols or the autocorrelation function, I?,, given by the equation
t+ T
4.1 Definitions
R, (t, T) = -
x(t) [x(t + T)] dt
s
T t
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following
definitions apply.
4.1.5 steady and unsteady process: Random process x(t)
is said to be slightly steady or steady in a general sense
when its first order statistical moment (mean ,uJ and its second
order statistical moment [variance OS, or autocorrelation func-
4.1.1 measuring system : System composed of a measuring
tion R, (t, T)] are not dependent on time t, at which the obser-
instrument, including a transducer which picks up physical in-
vation begins nor on the period of time T during which the
formation, and one or several elements in series transmitting or
observation is made.
transforming the resulting signal.
Inversely, when the statistical moments are dependent
Such a system has a response function which can be illustrated on t or
T, the physical phenomenon is said to be u nsteady.
by a gain response or a phase response curve over a frequency
range. In particular, a filtering effect appears between the
When all statistical moments of the process x(t) (beyond the
picked up physical quantity and the observed signal. This filter-
second order), which completely describe the statistical prop-
ing effect is essentially characterized by a cut frequency. In
erty of x(t), are not dependent on t and T, the process is then
most measuring systems which are used, the continuous com-
said to be strongly or strictly steady.
ponent of the signal can pass and the cut frequency is then
strongly related to the response time of the system.
NOTE - From a practical point of view and in this International Stan-
dard, only slightly steady processes are considered (first and second
order statistical moments). It should be noted that when the con-
4.1.2 measuring instrument : Instrument, forming part of a
sidered process follows a normal or Gaussian distribution law, the first
measuring system, which transforms any physical quantity
and second order statistical moments are sufficient to describe the
(pressure, speed, current, etc.) into a signal which can be statistical properties of the process completely and both concepts of
strong or slight steadiness are then equivalent.
directly observed (a mercury level, a point on a dial scale, a
digital reading, etc.).
4.1.6 steady operating conditions : The operating condi-
tions are said to be steady when the different signals delivered
4.1.3 first order statistical moment: mean value of a
by the measuring systems and the physical quantities
signal: Characterization of a random process x(t) by a first
calculated from these signals have first order (mean ,u,) and
order statistical moment which generally is the mean ,uX
second order [variance oX2, or autocorrelation function R,
calculated over a period of time T given by the equation
(t, T)] statistical moments which do not depend on the time t
at which the observation begins nor on the duration T during
t+ T
which the observation is made.
x(t) dt
I-& = -
s
T t
NOTE - The random signal delivered by a measuring system can be
found to be steady only if the integration period T is sufficiently long.
NOTE - To calculate the mean value of a signal or physical quantity,
This point is difficult to check for one is never calculated for a sufficient
an integration period T much longer than the response time of the cor-
duration; this is why, from a practical point of view, only a steadiness
responding measuring system is usually chosen.
with a certain confidence level is defined.
To determine simultaneously the mean value of several signals of
several physical quantities corresponding to the same operating point,
the integration period T is chosen by considering the longest response 4.1.7 unsteady operating conditions : The operating condi-
time among all the measuring systems which are used.
tions are said to be unsteady when the different signals
delivered by the measuring systems and the physical quantities
According to the value of the integration period T chosen to calculate
calculated from these signals have a first order (mean ,uJ or se-
the mean value of the signals, the operating conditions will be deter-
cond order [variance crz, or autocorrelation function R, (t, T)]
mined to be either steady or unsteady.
statistical moment which depends on the time t at which the
observation begins or on the period T during which the obser-
vation is made.
4.1.4 second order statistical moment: variance or
autocorrelation function : Characterization of a random pro-
NOTE - The dynamic component (see figure
1) of the picked up
cess x(t) by a second order statistical moment calculated over a
physical quantities has different origins :
time period Tand for which can be chosen either the variance
a) a random origin : turbulence, white noise of the electronic
a: expressed as :
system, etc.,
t+ T
b) a determinist origin: blade passing frequency, speed of rota-
tion in connection with the electric network frequency, flow
ax = -
[x(t) - p$dt
s
T t
singularities, vibration modes, etc.
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
Tl is an insufficiently long integration period. The mean value, X, of x as estimated from T, will vary.
T2 is a sufficiently long period.
Figure 1 - Graph of the evolution of a phenomenon (supposed to be known)
It is supposed that the possible unsteadiness of the operating Then the variations of the mean value can be considered as
conditions has a frequency lower than that corresponding to these
being “slow” compared to fluctuations (see 4.1.8).
phenomena (less than half the lowest encountered frequency); as a
consequence, the integration period Twill not be less than twice the
period T corresponding to the lowest frequency mentioned above.
4.1 .lO readings: Visual observations allowing the recording
of the value of the signal delivered by a measuring system.
4.1.8 fluctuations: Periodic or random evolutions of a
phenomenon x(t) as a function of time, varying around a mean
Two types of readings should be considered:
value and describing a physical quantity or a signal delivered by
a measuring system.
a) the “quasi-instantaneous” reading of the signal, which
All evolutions having a period or a pseudo-period less than
is made during as short a time as possible (but not shorter
twice the integration period chosen to calculate the mean
than the response time of the measuring system
values are considered as fluctuations. Then the fluctuations
considered) ;
can be considered as being “rapid” compared to the variations
of the mean value (see 4.1.9).
NOTE - The group of “quasi-instantaneous” readings made
during the integration period Tallows the calculation of statistical
NOTE - Only fluctuations having a period or a pseudo-period higher
moments (see 4.1.3 and 4.1.4).
than twice the response time of the corresponding measuring system
can be detected.
b) the “averaging reading” of the signal which is made
over or at the end of the integration period T depending on
4.1.9 variations of the mean value (in unsteady
the measuring system, this “averaging reading” leads
Evolution of the mean value of a
operating conditions) :
directly to the mean value of the signal.
physical quantity or of signal delivered by a measuring system,
between one reading and the next, in unsteady operating con-
ditions.
4.1.11 set of readings: Group of “quasi-instantaneous”
The variations of the mean values should show a period or a readings leading to the determination of the values of the dif-
pseudo-period higher than twice the integration period T
ferent signal or physical quantities characterizing an operating
chosen to calculate the mean value. point.

ISO5198:1987 (El
4.1.12 response time of a measuring instrument: Time 4.2 Quantities, symbols and units
interval between the instant when a stimulus is subjected to a
specified abrupt change and the instant when the response
Table 1 gives concepts and some of their uses in this Inter-
reaches and remains within specified limits of its final steady
national Standard, together with any associated symbols which
value.
have been allocated; it is based on IS0 31.
4.1.13 Prandtl number, Pr:
PCP The definitions, particu I arly those given for kinetic energy coef-
ficient, specific energy and NPSH may not be appropriate for
pr = --i-
completely general use in hydrodynamics, and are for the pur-
where
poses of this International Standard only.
p is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid;
A is its thermal conductivity.
Table 2 gives an alphabetical list of symbols used, and table 3
(Definition taken from IS0 31/12.) gives a list of subscripts.
List of quantities (based on IS0 3111)
Table 1 -
Quantity Definition21 Symbol Dimensiod) Unit
in M
Mass
kg
Length I L m
T
Time t S
Temperature 0 0 OC
Area A L2 m2
Volume V L3 m3
Angular velocity co T-1 rad/s
V LT-1
Velocity m/s
Acceleration due to gravity41 LT-2 m/s2
g
Number or rotations per unit time T-1
Speed of rotation n s-1
Density Mass per unit volume ML-3 kg/m3
e
Force per unit area. Unless otherwise specified all
Pressure ML-‘T-2 Pa
P
pressures are gauge pressures, i.e. measured with
respect to atmospheric pressure.
(1 bar = lo5 Pa)
Kinematic viscosity V L2T-1 m2/s
Specific energy Energy per unit mass E LZT-2 J/kg
Power (general term) P MLZT-3
W
Reynolds number Re dimensionless
D
Diameter L
Flow rates
Mass rate of flow The mass rate of flow designates the external MT-’
kg/s
4,(4)
mass rate of flow of the pump, i.e. the rate of flow
discharged into the pipe from the outlet branch of
the pump.
NOTE - Losses or abstractions inherent to the
pump, i.e. :
a) discharge necessary for hydraulic balancing
of axial thrust;
b) cooling of bearings of the pump itself;
c) water seal to the packing;
d) leakage from the fittings, internal leakage,
etc.,
are not to be reckoned in the quantity delivered. On
the contrary, if they are taken at a point before the
flow measuring section, all derived quantities used
for other purposes, such as :
e) cooling of the motor bearings;
f) cooling of a gear box (bearings, oil cooler),
etc.,
should be added to the measured rate of flow.

IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
Table 1 - List of quantities (based on IS0 3111) (continued)
Quantity Definition*)
Symbol Dimensiod) Unit
Volume rate of flow The outlet volume rate of flow is given by the
L3T-’ m3/s
equation
For the purposes of this international Standard, this
symbol may also designate the volume rate of flow
in a given section 5) of the pump outlet; it is the
quotient of the mass rate of flow in this section by
the density. (The section may be designated by
subscripts. )
Mean veloc :ity
The mean velocity of flow equal to the volume rate U LT-1
m/s
of flow divided by the pipe cross-section5)
Local velocity Velocity of flow at any point
V LT-1 m/s
Gauge pressure Any pressure used in this International Standard
ML-’ T-2 Pa
Pe
except atmospheric and vapour pressure; the effec-
tive pressure, relative to the atmospheric pressure.
Its value is
- positive if this pressure is greater than the
atmospheric pressure;
-
negative if this pressure is less than the
atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric pressure
ML-’ T-2 Pa
pb
(absolute)
Vapour pressure (absolute)
ML-’ T-2 Pa
P”
Head
The energy per unit mass of fluid divided by gravita-
L m
tional acceleration.
Height
Elevation of a point above a reference plane.
2 m
If the point is below the reference plane, z is
negative.
Reference plane Any horizontal plane to be used as a datum for - -
height measurement. A materialized reference plane
may be more practical than an imaginary one for
measurement purposes.
Inlet impeller height (or eye
The height of the centre of the circle described by
7 m
‘S
height) the external point of the entrance edges of the first
impeller blades. In case of double inlet pumps, z, is
the higher impeller height.
The manufacturer should indicate the position of
this point with respect to precise reference points on
the pump.
Velocity head Height of fluid corresponding to the kinetic energy
L
m
per unit mass of fluid divided by gravitational ac-
celeration. Its value is given by the formula
a u*/2 g
Velocity head coefficient
A coefficient relating velocity head in the section a dimensionless
with the mean velocity in that section. It is defined
by the equation
A v3dA
s
=-
a
USA
If v is constant, a = 1
Available velocity head The part of the velocity head contributing to the
L
m
total head. Its value is given by the formula
a, c/*/2 g where I< a, < a
See 8.1.1.3
Available velocity head coeff i-
A coefficient relating available velocity head in a dimensionless
Qa
cient section to the mean velocity in that section.
See 8.1 .I .3
IS05198 :I987 (E)
Table 1 - List of quantities (based on IS0 3111) (continued)
Quantity Definition*)
Symbol Dimensiod) Unit
Total head (in section i) Total head in a given section, i, is usually calculated L
Hi
as:
U2
Pei
Hi=zi +-+a,i$
Qi g
This equation assumes that pressure varies hydro-
statically in the section and that compressibility of
the liquid pumped may be neglected.
See 8.1 .I .2 concerning the correctness of this last
assumption.
Inlet total head Total head at inlet section 1
Outlet total head Total head at outlet section 2
Pump total head Algebraic difference between outlet total head H2
H
and inlet total head H, :
H=
H2 - HI
Separate evaluation of H, and H2 is not always
necessary. Other methods may even be recom-
mended if compressibility is to be accounted for.
See 8.1 J.2.
Loss of head at inlet The difference between the total head of the liquid L
HJ1
at the measuring point, or possibly of the liquid
without velocity in the suction chamber, and the
total head of the liquid in the inlet section of the
Pump.
Loss of head at outlet The difference between the total head of the liquid
HJ2
in the outlet section of the pump, and the total head
of the liquid at the measuring point.
Inlet total head increased by the head (in flowing
Net positive suction head; NPSH
(NPSH)
liquid) corresponding to the atmospheric pressure at
the test location and decreased by the sum of the
head corresponding to the vapour pressure of the
pump liquid at the inlet temperature and of the inlet
impeller height.
(NPSH) = H, + !k- - L - z,
elg e1g
NOTES
1 To maintain consistency between precision class
and engineering classes I and II, the arbitrary defini-
tion of (NPSH) is the same.
Therefore, in calculating (NPSH) values, the value
of aa is taken to be equal to unity (see velocity head
coefficient).
2 Local velocity distribution may influence (NPSH)
performance of the pump. Limitation of local veloc-
ity variation is given in clause 12.
3 It is necessary to make a distinction between
-
the (NPSH) required at given flow and speed
of rotation for a given pump - this is specified
by the manufacturer;
-
the (NPSH) available for the same flow,
which is inferred from the installation;
- the cavitation test (NPSH).
Subscripts may be used to differentiate these quan-
tities [for example (NPSH), when the value required
by the pump is concerned, (NPSH), when the
available value is concerned and (NPSH), when
cavitation test (NPSH) is concerned].
Critical net positive suction head Net positive suction head associated with
(NM-H, L
[2 + (K/2)1 % either of head drop in the first stage
or of the efficiency drop.
ISO5198:1987 (E)
Table 1 - List of quantities (based on IS0 3111) (concluded)
Quantity Def initiod Symbol Dimensiod Unit
Type number A number defined by the equation K dimensionless
2n n (q>)l/* cr) q;l/*
=-
K=
,I7314
(gH’)3’4
where q; is the volume rate of flow per eye and H'
is the head of the first stage. This quantity shall be
calculated at the best efficiency point.
Pump power input Mechanical power transmitted to the pump shaft. P ML*T-3 W
Driver power input Power input to driving unit. ML*T-3 W
Psr
Pump power output The power transferred to the liquid at its passage ML*T-3 W
pu
through the pump
pu = eqvgff = Q4VE
Pump efficiency
pu
?f=-
dimensionless
ul
P
Overall efficiency
p,
dimensionless
qgr = p
%r
gr
1) Further symbols used in the thermodynamic method are given in table 9.
2) In order to avoid any error of interpretation, it is deemed desirable to reproduce the definitions of quantities and units as given in I SO 31 and to
supplement these definitions by some specific information on their use in this International Standard.
3) M = mass, L = length, T = time, 0 = temperature.
4) For precision class tests, the local values of g should be used. Nevertheless, in most cases, a value of 9,81 m/s* would not invol ve significant
error. The local value should be calculated by the equation
= 9,780 3 (1 + 0,005 3 sin*p) - 3 x IO-6 z
g
where cp and z are respectively the latitude, in degrees, and the altitude, in metres.
5) Attention is drawn to the fact that in this case qv may vary for different reasons across the circuit.

IS0 5198 :I987 (E)
Table 2 - Alphabetical list of symbols
Quantity Units
Symbol
Area m2
A
m
D Diameter
-
e Relative value of uncertainty
J/kg
E Specific energy
Frequency HZ
f
Acceleration due to gravity m/s2
g
m
H Pump total head
m
Losses in terms of head of liquid
HJ
m
k Equivalent uniform roughness
dimensionless
K Type number
m
I Length
m Mass
kg
s-1
n Speed of rotation
m
Net positive suction head
(NPSH)
Pa
Pressure
P
W
P Power
Mass rate of flow kg/s
%I
msls
Volume rate of flow
qv
dimensionless
Re Reynolds number
Time S
r’
u Mean velocity m/s
m/s
V Local velocity
ms
V Volume
Height above reference plane m
a Velocity head coefficient dimensionless
dimensionless
Efficiency
rl
Temperature OC
Universal coefficient for head loss dimensionless
A
V Kinematic viscosity m2ls
kg/m3
Density
e
Angular velocity rad/s
co
NOTE - See also clause 11.
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
a) unless the chemical and physical properties of the liquid
Table 3 - List of letters and figures used
as subscripts are stated, it shall be taken that the points specified apply to
clean cold water (see table 4);
Subscript Designation
inlet
Table 4 - Specification of “clean cold water”
2 outlet
a available
Characteristic Unit max.
acoustic
ac
Temperature OC 40
b atmospheric
C critical Kinematic viscosity m2/s I,5 x 1o-6
d drop
Density kg/m3 1050
e effective (gauge)
Non-absorbent free solid
f fully developed
content
kg/m3 2,5
unit (overall)
gr
Dissolved solid content kg/m3 50
pump total head
H
int intermediate
manometric
M
b) the relation between the specified values under clean
m mass
cold water conditions and the likely performance under
mot motor
other liquid conditions shall be agreed in the contract;
P pump power input
P pump
c) specified values shall apply only to the pump as tested
required
r
by the methods and in the test arrangements specified in
S
eye
this International Standard.
specified
SP
total
t
T translated
useful
U 6 General requirements for tests
V volume
vapour (pressure)
V
6.1 Organization of tests
vis visible
efficiency
rl
6.1.1 Place of testing
Performance tests shall be carried out at the manufacturer’s
works, or alternatively at a place to be mutually agreed between
5 Specified duty
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Both purchaser and manufacturer shall be entitled to have
5.1 Main specification
representatives present at all tests and calibrations in order to
verify that they are performed in accordance with this Inter-
One or more of the following quantities may be specified under
national Standard and any prior written agreements.
the conditions and speed or rotation stated in the contract:
at the agreed flow rate, qVsp, or
a) pump total head, I&,
6.1.2 lime of testing
flow rate of the pump, qVsp, at the agreed total head, &,.
The time of testing shall be mutually agreed by the manufac-
b) power input or efficiency of the pump or combined
turer and the purchaser.
pump-motor unit at the specified qVsp, I& point.
c) net positive suction head, (NPSH), required by the
6.1.3 Staff
pump at the agreed flow rate qVsp for a specified cavitation
effect as defined, for example, in 12.1.3.2 at the agreed flow
Accurate measurements depend not only on the quality of the
rate.
measuring instruments used, but also on the ability and skill
of the persons operating and reading the measuring devices
d) other points of the H(qV) curve may be indicated by
during the tests. The staff entrusted with effecting
specifying either the total head at a reduced or increased
the measurements shall be selected just as carefully as the
flow rate, or the flow rate at a reduced or increased total
head. instruments to be used in the test.
A chief of tests possessing adequate experience in measuring
5.2 Other specifications operations shall be appointed. Normally, when the test is car-
ried out at the manufacturer’s works, the chief of tests is a staff
Unless specifically agreed otherwise in the contract, the member of the manufacturing firm.
specified values are valid in the following conditions :
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
d) specification of the pump’s drive;
All persons charged with effecting the measurements are
subordinated during the tests to the chief of tests, who con-
e) description of the test procedure and the measu ring
ducts and supervises the measurements, reports on test condi-
apparatus used including ca libration data;
tions and the results of the tests and then drafts the test report.
All questions arising in connection with the measurements and
their execution are subject to his decision. f) observed readings;
g) evaluation and analysis of test results with calculation
The parties concerned shall provide all assistance that the chief
of measuring uncertainties according to 6.4, 6.5 and
of tests considers necessary.
annex A;
6.1.4 State of pump
h) conclusion : comparison of the test results with the
specified duties (see annex B)
When tests are not carried out at the manufacturer’s works,
opportunity shall be allowed for preliminary adjustments by
All test records and record charts shall be initialled by the chief
both the manufacturer and the installer.
of tests and by the representatives of both the purchaser and
the manufacturer, each of whom shall be provided with a copy
of all records and charts.
6.1.5 Test programme
The evaluation of the test results shall be made as far as poss-
Only the specified operational data shall form the basis of the
ible while the tests are in progress and, in any case, before the
test; other data determined by measurement during the tests
installation and instrumentation are dismantled, in order that
shall have merely an indicative (informative) function and this
measurements regarded as suspect can be repeated without
shall be stated if they are included in the programme.
delay.
6.1.6 Test equipment
62 . Test arrangements
When decidin g on the measuring procedure, the measuring
The performance of a pump in a given test arrangement,
and recording apparatus required shall be specified at the same
however accurately measured, cannot be assumed to be a cor-
time.
respondingly accurate indication of its performance in another
arrangement.
The chief of tests shall be responsible for checking the correct
apparatus and its perfect functioning.
installation of the
Moreover, the conditions which permit the most accurate
measurements to be taken are not necessarily those under
All measuring apparatus shall be covered by reports showing,
which the pump may perform most satisfactorily nor those
by calibration or by comparison with other International Stan-
under which the user may ultimately require it to perform.
dards, that it complies with the requirements of 6.4. These
reports shall be presented if required.
This International Standard therefore defines the conditions
necessary to measure performance most accurately and
The measuring devices used shall have valid calibration.
discusses the errors which may be caused by failing to meet
Periodic calibration shall be performed by an entitled body.
those conditions, in order that the interested parties may define
During the pump tests, the indications of the various in-
the test arrangement most suited to the circumstances.
struments shall be cross-compared to check that their calibra-
tion is maintained. Generally after site testing or in case of
Recommendations and general guidance about suitable pipe
dispute, new calibration shall be performed as soon as possible.
arrangements upstream of a measuring device are given in
clauses 7 and 8; if necessary, they can be used in conjunction
with International Standards on flow measurement in
6.1.7 Test report
closed conduits concerning the different flow measurement
methods.
After actual scrutiny, the test results shall be summarized in a
report signed either by the chief of tests alone, or by him and
representatives of the manufacturer and of the purchaser.
6.2.1 Standard test arrangements
shall receive a copy of the report as
All parties to the contract
The most accurate measurement of head is
possible when the
an essential condition for the completion of the contract.
flow at the measuring section has:
The test report shall contain the following information :
a) an axially symmetrical velocity distribution ;
place and date of the performance test; a uniform static pressure distribution;
a) b)
freedom from swirl induced by the installation.
manufacturer’s name, type of pump, number, cl
b)
of construction;
and if possible year
The complete flow patterns at both inlet and outlet measuring
operational conditions during sections may be influenced by both the pump and by the
specified characteristics,
cl
geometry of the installations.
performance test;
the
IS0 5198 : 1987(E)
It is recommended that for standard test circuits leading from c) fittings i ntrodu ted for testing purposes and taken as
reservoirs with a free surface, or from large stilling vessels in a forming part of the
pump itself.
closed circuit, the inlet straight length, L, be determined by the
Connection on the inl et and outlet sides of the whole combina-
equation :
tion shall be made in accordance with 6.2
L a (1,5 K + 5,5) D
6.3 Test conditions
where
6.3.1 Performance of tests
L is the inlet straight length;
In order to obtain consistent results having regard to the degree
D is the pipe inside diameter;
of accuracy to be achieved, the duration of the test shall be suf-
ficient to take more particularly into account the response time
K is the type number.
(see 4.1.12) of measuring instruments and the relative
In a standard works or laboratory test rig, satisfactory condi- steadiness of each operating point, within the limits defined in
table 5.
tions established by previous tests should be considered as suf-
ficient proof for subsequent tests.
The measurements shall be made under either steady operating
conditions (see 4.1.6) or unsteady conditions (see 4.1.7) within
If the inlet conditio ns are not satisfactory, this may be remedied
the limits defined in table 5.
in one or more of the following ways :
The decision to make measurements when such conditions
source
a) increasing the straight length following the of
cannot be obtained shall be a matter of agreement between the
disturbance causing the flow maldistribution
parties concerned.
b) fitting an appropriate straightener or swirl remover
When only one duty point is indicated for checking, at least five
(IS0 7194 gives a detailed description of the functional and
measurement points closely and evenly grouped around the
geometrical characteristics of these devices.)
duty point shall be recorded, for instance between 09 qv G
I
and L1 qy G-
c) changing the nature of, or removing, the source of
disturbance.
When performance over a range of operating conditions is to
be determined, a sufficient number of measurement points duly
precision class
If none of these devices is practicable on site,
distributed shall be recorded, in order to establish the perfor-
measurements cannot be made.
mance within the uncertainty stated in 6.4.
NOTE - Attention is drawn to the fact that in some particular cases
If the test has to be carried out at a speed of rotation different
where this International Standard applies to partial flow rate operation,
from that specified, the limits stated in 6.3.3 shall be respected
for which pre-swirl occurs, the arrangements agreed upon for that part
and the characteristics obtained at the actual speed of rotation
of the test installation at the suction side may modify the pump perfor-
can be translated to the specified speed of rotation; see 6.5.2.1.
mance.
6.3.2 Steadiness of operating conditions
6.2.2 Simulated test arrangements
6.3.2.1 Definitions
When pumps are tested under simulated site conditions, flow
straighteners shall not be installed immediately before the
For the purposes
of this lnte rnational Standard the following
pump. It is important that the characteristics of flow to the
concepts (see 4.1 ) are used :
simulated circuit should be controlled, and that the flow
should, as far as possible, be free from significant swirl induced
-
measuring system and instrument;
by the installation and have a symmetrical velocity distribution.
If necessary, the velocity distribution of the flow into the
first order statistical moment, mean value of a signal;
-
simulated circuit shall be determined by careful Pitot tube
-
second order statistical moment, variance and autocor-
traverses, in order to establish that the required flow
relation;
characteristics exist. If not, the required characteristics can be
obtained by the installation of an adequate straightener (see
-
steady and unsteady phenomena;
IS0 7194); however, care shall be taken to ensure that the test
conditions will not be affected by the high, irrecoverable
-
steady operating conditions;
pressure losses associated with efficient straightening devices.
-
unsteady operating conditions;
6.2.3 Pumps tested with fittings
-
fluctuations;
If specified in the contract, standard tests can be carried out on
-
variations of the mean value (in unsteady operating
a
combination of a pump and
conditions);
associated fittings at the final site installation ; or
a)
readings;
b) an exact reproduction thereof; or set of readings.
IS0 5198 : 1987 (E)
6.3.2.2.2 Automatic recording or integration of signals
6.3.2.2 Fluctuations of the signals delivered by the measuring
systems and of the physical quantities determined from delivered by measuring systems
the signals
When the signals delivered by the measuring systems are
automatically recorded or integrated by the
...