SIST EN 14227-10:2006

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 10: Soil treated by cementMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 10: Sol traité au cimentHydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 10: Bodenverbesserung mit ZementTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14227-10:2006SIST EN 14227-10:2006en93.080.20ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14227-10:200601-julij-2006







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14227-10May 2006ICS 93.080.20 English VersionHydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 10: Soiltreated by cementMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications -Partie 10: Sol traité au cimentHydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil10: Bodenverbesserung mit ZementThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14227-10:2006: E



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Symbols and abbreviations.6 5 Constituents.6 5.1 General.6 5.2 Binder.7 5.3 Soil.7 5.4 Water.7 5.5 Secondary constituents.7 6 Mixture.7 6.1 General.7 6.2 Proportioning of the constituents, grading and dry density.7 7 Requirements of the fresh mixture.8 7.1 Water content.8 7.2 Degree of pulverization.8 7.3 Immediate bearing index.8 7.4 Moisture condition value.9 8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification.9 8.1 General.9 8.2 California bearing ratio of cement stabilized soil.10 8.3 Classification of cement bound soil.10 8.3.1 General.10 8.3.2 Classification by compressive strength.11 8.3.3 Classification by Rt, E.11 9 Resistance to water.14 9.1 General.14 9.2 Strength after immersion in water.14 9.3 Linear swelling after soaking in water.14 9.4 Volumetric swelling after immersion in water.15 10 Designation and description.15 11 Labelling.15 Annex A (normative)
Curing regimes for soil treated by cement test specimens.16 Annex B (informative)
Production control for hydraulically treated mixtures.18 Bibliography.24



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14227-10:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2006. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for hydraulically bound mixtures: EN 14227-1, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 1: Cement bound granular mixtures. EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound mixtures. EN 14227-3, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures. EN 14227-4, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures. EN 14227-5, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 5: Hydraulic road binder bound mixtures. EN 14227-10, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 10: Soil treated by cement. EN 14227-11, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 11: Soil treated by lime. EN 14227-12, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 12: Soil treated by slag. EN 14227-13, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 13: Soil treated by hydraulic road binder. EN 14227-14, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 14: Soil treated by fly ash. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies soil treated by cement for the pavement layers of roads, airfields and other trafficked areas and specifies the requirements for its constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification. It provides for the use of aggregates with grading curves, which are not constrained by the limits defined in EN 14227-1 for cement bound granular mixtures. This European Standard does not specify requirements for strength prior to trafficking or frost resistance, which might be covered by requirements at the place of use. Production control recommendations are included in the informative Annex B. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 197-4, Cement — Part 4: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for low early strength blastfurnace cements EN 933-1, Test for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete — Specifications for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 13286-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 1: Test methods for laboratory reference den-sity and water content — Introduction, general requirements and sampling EN 13286-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 2: Test methods for the determination of the laboratory reference density and water content — Proctor compaction EN 13286-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 3: Test methods for laboratory reference den-sity and water content — Vibrocompression with controlled parameters EN 13286-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 4: Test methods for laboratory reference den-sity and water content — Vibrating hammer EN 13286-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 5: Test methods for laboratory reference den-sity and water content — Vibrating table EN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 40: Test method for the determination of the direct tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 42: Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 43: Test methods for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 5 EN 13286-46, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 46: Test method for the determination of the moisture condition value EN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 47: Test method for the determination of the California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling EN 13286-48, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 48: Test method for the determination of the degree of pulverisation EN 13286-49, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 49: Accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder EN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 50: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction EN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 51: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures by vibrating hammer compaction EN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 52: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures by vibrocompression EN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 53: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 soil natural, artificial or recycled material or any combination of these components 3.2 soil treated by cement mixture resulting from the addition of cement and, where appropriate, secondary constituents to a soil NOTE 1 Soils treated by cement are described in two groups for the purposes of this European Standard, defined as cement stabilized soil and cement bound soil. Soil improvement with cement, solely to allow construction to proceed without the necessity to improve the pavement structural capacity is defined as an earthworks process and outside of the scope of this European Standard. NOTE 2 Soils treated by cement include for the use of fine-grained soils, which are pre-treated with lime to allow them to be re-treated with cement. 3.3 cement stabilized soil mixture of soil or aggregate with cement as the binder and, where appropriate, secondary constituents, which is designed to attain stability measured by California bearing ratio capacity testing



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 6 3.4 cement bound soil mixture of soil or aggregate with cement as the binder and, where appropriate, secondary constituents, which is designed to attain a structural integrity directly measured by unconfined compressive strength or tensile strength and elastic modulus testing 3.5 Ri/R ratio ratio, at the same age and under the same temperature conditions, of the soaked strength of the mixture to the un-soaked strength of the mixture, either compressive or tensile, determined in accordance with EN 13286-40, EN 13286-41 or EN 13286-42 3.6 slenderness ratio ratio of height to diameter of the specimen 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this Europeans Standard, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. CBR is the California bearing ratio, expressed in percent (%); R is the compressive or tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rc is the compressive strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rt is the direct tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rit is the indirect tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ri is the compressive or tensile strength after immersion in water, expressed in megapascals (MPa); E is the modulus of elasticity, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ec is the modulus of elasticity E determined in compression, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Et is the modulus of elasticity E determined in direct tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Eit is the modulus of elasticity E determined in indirect tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa). 5 Constituents 5.1 General The primary constituents shall be soil and binder. Other constituents shall be considered as secondary constituents. NOTE Secondary constituents may include those necessary to deactivate or assist in the pulverization of the cohesive soil, to dilute or absorb sulfate, to improve grading, traffickability, mechanical performance etc.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 7 5.2 Binder Binder shall consist of one of the following: a) cement conforming to EN 197-1; b) cement conforming to EN 197-4. NOTE Cement conforming to EN 197-1, grades CEM II to CEM V or EN 197-4 might have setting rates, which vary significantly from those for the CEM 1 grades of EN 197-1. This will need to be considered when selecting the fresh and mechanical performance criteria and testing regimes. 5.3 Soil Not less than 95 % of the soil shall pass the 63 mm sieve when tested using the wet sieving method conforming to EN 933-1. Where applicable, the soil shall conform to the requirements for classification and homogeneity valid in the place of use. NOTE 1 Organic matter can delay or prevent the setting and hardening process. Laboratory mixture design work might determine whether soil containing organic matter can be accommodated. The amount of organic matter that can be accommodated depends on the type and particle size of the organic matter. NOTE 2 Mixtures containing sulphates or other material that could result in expansion of the mixture should be tested for the resistance to water requirements of Clause 9. 5.4 Water Any added mixing water shall conform to EN 1008. 5.5 Secondary constituents Subject to satisfactory laboratory trials, secondary constituents may be added to improve the grading, the stability, the compatibility, the impermeability or the setting and hardening of the mixture. 6 Mixture 6.1 General The mixture shall be made from the constituents specified in Clause 5. 6.2 Proportioning of the constituents, grading and dry density The proportioning of the constituents, expressed as a percentage by dry mass of the total dry mass of the mix-ture, the grading and the dry density of the mixture, shall be declared. The declared proportions shall be based on the laboratory mixture design and/or experience with mixtures produced with the same constituents and under the same conditions as those to be applicable to the proposed mixture.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 8 7 Requirements of the fresh mixture 7.1 Water content The water content shall be selected to permit compaction on site by rolling and to optimize the mechanical performance of the mixture. The optimum water content shall be determined by a selected test method in accordance with EN 13286-1 to EN 13286-5. In addition the range of water content shall be adhered to that is compatible with the compaction performance and the desired mechanical performance of the mixture. The water content of the mixture shall conform to one of the categories in Table 1. Table 1 — Minimum water content Minimum water content Category No requirement WNR Not less than 0,90 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5 W0,90 Not less than 0,95 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5 W0,95 Not less than the optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to 13286-5 W1,0 Declared value WDV 7.2 Degree of pulverization The degree of pulverization of the mixture shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-48 and shall conform to one of the categories selected from Table 2. Table 2 — Degree of pulverization Degree of pulverization Category No requirement PNR ≥ 30 % P30 ≥ 40 % P40 ≥ 60 % P60 ≥ 80 % P80 Declared value PDV
7.3 Immediate bearing index The immediate bearing index at the declared water content of the mixture shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-47 and shall conform to one of the categories selected from Table 3, After mixing, the mixture shall be stored in bags in a sealed condition for 30 min to 60 min. The specimen(s) shall then be manufactured and the determination of the index carried out not later than 90 min after mixing.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 9 Table 3 — Immediate bearing index
Immediate bearing index Category No requirement IPINR > 10 IPI10 > 15 IPI15 > 20 IPI20 > 25 IPI25 > 30 IPI30 > 40 IPI40 > 50 IPI50 Declared value IPIDV
7.4 Moisture condition value The moisture condition value of the mixture shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-46 and shall conform to one of the categories selected from Table 4. Table 4 — Moisture condition value Moisture condition value Category No requirement MCVNR 6 minimum, 10 maximum MCV6/10 7 minimum, 11 maximum MCV7/11 8 minimum, 12 maximum MCV8/12 9 minimum, 13 maximum MCV9/13 Declared values MCVDV
8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification 8.1 General The laboratory mechanical performance of the mixture shall be characterized and classified by one of the following methods:  for cement stabilized soils, by California bearing ratio (CBR);  for cement bound soils by compressive strength Rc; or by the combination Rt, E of tensile strength Rt and modulus of elasticity E. NOTE No correlation is intended nor should be assumed between the methods of characterization.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 10 8.2 California bearing ratio of cement stabilized soil The CBR class shall be selected from Table 5. The CBR value shall be measured in accordance with EN 13286-47, with the following modifications and additions: a) CBR specimens shall be stored at (20 ± 2) °C; b) specimens shall initially be cured out of water, with any change in water content not exceeding 0,5 % and, when required, for a secondary period in a soaked condition; c) duration of the initial and secondary curing periods shall be selected from Table A.1. Table 5 — California bearing ratio CBR requirements Class No requirement CBRNR ≥ 15 CBR15 ≥ 20 CBR20 ≥ 30 CBR30 ≥ 40 CBR40 ≥ 50 CBR50 ≥ 60 CBR60 ≥ 70 CBR70 ≥ 80 CBR80 Declared value CBRDV 8.3 Classification of cement bound soil 8.3.1 General The mechanical performance of cement bound soil shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-40 to EN 13286-43, depending on whether the compressive strength Rc or a combination of tensile strength Rt and modulus of elasticity E is to be determined. Testing shall be carried out on moulded cubic or cylindrical test specimens conforming to EN 13286-50, EN 13286-51, EN 13286-52 or EN 13286-53. NOTE 1 The systems of classification by compressive strength or by tensile strength with elastic modulus are mutually independent and no equivalence is intended between the strength classes of the two systems. Cubic specimens shall have a nominal size of 100 mm or 150 mm. The nominal diameter of cylindrical specimens shall be 100 mm, 150 mm or 160 mm. Cylinder moulds with a nominal diameter of 100 mm or 100 mm cube moulds shall only be used for mixtures with an upper sieve size D not exceeding 22,4 mm. The slenderness ratio shall conform to the limits in Table 6. NOTE 2 The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen density and aggregate packing. Thus for the same mixture, different strengths are obtained when the specimen manufacturing method is varied. The curing regime used in storing specimens prior to test will also influence the strength and modulus test results. Hence it is important, not to separate strength, or strength and modulus of elasticity, requirements from the method of specimen manufacture and curing.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 11 8.3.2 Classification by compressive strength The class of compressive strength shall be selected from Table 6 in combination with the selected method of specimen manufacture in accordance with EN 13286-50, EN 13286-51, EN 13286-52 or EN 13286-53 and tested in accordance with EN 13286-41. The curing period for the test specimens prior to compressive strength testing being carried out shall be selected from Table A.2. For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory Rc shall be the average result from three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and Rc taken as the average of the two remaining values. Table 6 —Compressive strength classification Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 2 Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 1 a and cubes Rc Class No requirement No requirement CNR 0,4 0,5 C0,4/0,5 0,8 1 C0,8/1 1,5 2 C1,5/2 3 4 C3/4 5 6 C5/6 8 10 C8/10 12 15 C12/15 16 20 C16/20 Declared value Declared value CDV a Includes cylinder specimens with slenderness ratio of 0,8 to 1,2. Where specimens with slenderness ratio greater than 1,2 are to be used a correlation with cylinders with a slenderness ratio of 1 or 2 (whichever is the closer to the specimen slenderness ratio) shall be established. 8.3.3 Classification by Rt, E 8.3.3.1 General The class of Rt, E shall be selected from Figure 1. The curing period for the test specimens prior to tensile strength testing and the determination of the modulus of elasticity shall be selected from Table A.2. For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory, Rt and E shall be the average result from at least three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and Rt and E taken as the average of the two remaining values. Rt and E shall be established using one of the equivalent methods outlined in 8.3.3.2 to 8.3.3.4. 8.3.3.2 Method by direct tensile testing Rt shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-40.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 12 E shall be determined in direct tension Et in accordance with EN 13286-43. For both determinations, specimens shall be manufactured using vibrocompression in accordance with EN 13286-52. 8.3.3.3 Method by indirect tensile testing Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit. Test specimens shall be made in accordance with EN 13286-50, EN 13286-51, EN 13286-52 or EN 13286-53 and tested in accordance with EN 13286-41. E shall be derived from Eit (E measured in indirect tension) determined in accordance with EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Eit. Test specimens shall be made using the same method as that used for the specimens to be tested for indirect tensile testing. 8.3.3.4 Method by indirect tensile and compression testing Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in conformity to EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit. E shall be derived from Ec (E measured in compression) determined in conformity to EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Ec.



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 13
Key Y direct tensile strength Rt, in MPa X elastic modulus E, in Mpa
E MPa 2 000 5 000 10 000 20 000 40 000 Low limit of category Rt MPa T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 0,97 0,67 0,52 0,34 0,19 1,50 1,00 0,73 0,47 0,26 1,93 1,26 0,90 0,57 0,32 2,35 1,49 1,05 0,67 0,38 2,60 1,70 1,20 0,75 0,43 NOTE The Table gives the values of Rt and E used to draw the curves limiting the categories T5, T4, T3, T2 and T1.
Figure 1 — Classification by Rt, E



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 14 9 Resistance to water 9.1 General The resistance to water requirements shall be selected to conform to 9.2, 9.3 or 9.4. 9.2 Strength after immersion in water The mixture shall satisfy the selected category for immersion from Table 7. NOTE The selected category should reflect the nature of the main constituent, in particular materials containing sulphates or other potentially expansive material, the intended use of the mixture, the climate and weather conditions during construction. In Table 7 Ri shall mean the average strength of not less than 3 specimens after Z days sealed curing followed by W days full immersion curing in aerated water, and R shall mean the average strength of not less than 3 specimens after (Z + W) days sealed curing. All the specimens shall be manufactured from the same batch of mixture and shall be cured at the same temperature. Z and W shall be specified in accordance with the practice and requirements at the place of use. Table A.3 gives the values from which Z and W shall be selected. Table 7 — Strength after immersion categories for the mixture Ri/R ratio Category No requirement INR > 0,6 I0,6 ≥ 0,7 I0,7 > 0,8 I0,8 Declared value IDV
9.3 Linear swelling after soaking in water The mixture shall satisfy the selected category for linear swelling from Table 8. The determination of swelling shall be in accordance with EN 13286-47 except that the water shall be continually aerated. Swelling shall be measured for at least 28 days or until swelling is less than 0,05 mm in 48 h, whichever is the longer time. Table 8 — Linear swelling Average maximum swelling of a batch of 3 specimens mm Maximum swelling of a single specimen
mm Category No requirement No requirement LSNR 5,0 10 LS5 3,0 6,0 LS3 1,0 2,0 LS1 Declared value Declared value LSDV



EN 14227-10:2006 (E) 15 9.4 Volumetric swelling after immersion in water The mixture shall satisfy the selected category for volumetric swelling in Table 9, when tested in accordance with EN 13286-49. Table 9 — Volumetric expansion Volumetric expansion (after 7 days), GV 7d % Category No requirement GNR ≤ 5 GV5 ≤ 3 GV3 Declared value GDV
10 Designation and description 10.1 The product shall be designated by: a) producer, place of production and producer code; b) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 14277-10; c) mixture type and mechanical perfo
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