kSIST FprEN ISO 294-5:2025
(Main)Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)
Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)
This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm, and a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. Suitable test specimens according to ISO 20753 type A22 or B3 are then machined or stamped from the plates and used to obtain information on the anisotropy. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties.
Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool.
In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour.
For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction.
The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.
Kunststoffe - Spritzgießen von Probekörpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung von Standardprobekörpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Werkzeug fest (bezeichnet als ISO-Werkzeug Typ F) zum Spritzgießen von Platten mit den bevorzugten Maßen von 80 mm × 120 mm und einer bevorzugten Dicke von 2 mm für die Erfassung von Einpunkt und Mehrpunktkennwerten. Geeignete Probekörper nach ISO 20753 Typ A22 oder Typ B3 werden aus den Platten maschinell herausgearbeitet oder ausgestanzt und dazu verwendet, Informationen über die Anisotropie zu erhalten. Bei der Gestaltung von Kunststoffbauteilen bietet dies Ober- und Untergrenzen für die Zugeigenschaften.
Die Untersuchung der Anisotropie von Werkstoffen ist ein spezielles Verfahren, das vorgesehen ist, eine Orientierungshilfe bei der Gestaltung von Spritzgussformen für Endanwendungen zu bieten; es ist nicht als Werkzeug zur Qualitätssicherung bestimmt.
Beim Spritzgießen von Thermoplasten kann der Fluss des geschmolzenen Polymers die Ausrichtung von Füllstoffen, z. B. Glasfasern, oder die Ausrichtung von Polymerketten beeinträchtigen, was sich auf das anisotrope Verhalten auswirken kann.
Für die Anwendung dieses Dokumentes ist die Fließrichtung als die Richtung vom Anschnitt (Zulauf) bis zum äußersten Ende des Formnests und die Querrichtung als die Richtung senkrecht zur Fließrichtung festgelegt.
Das Werkzeug Typ F ist nicht dafür vorgesehen das Werkzeug Typ D zu ersetzen, das benutzt wird, um die Formschwindung von Thermoplasten zu ermitteln.
Plastiques - Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques - Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)
Le présent document spécifie un moule (appelé moule ISO de type F) pour le moulage par injection de plaques avec des dimensions préférentielles de 80 mm × 120 mm ayant une épaisseur préférentielle de 2 mm pour l'acquisition des caractéristiques intrinsèques en simples ou multipoints. Des éprouvettes conformes à l’ISO 20753 de type A22 ou B3 sont ensuite usinées ou découpées à l’emporte-pièce à partir des plaques et utilisées pour obtenir des informations sur l'anisotropie. Pour la conception des pièces en matière plastique, cela va apporter des limites inférieures et supérieures aux propriétés en traction.
La détermination de l'anisotropie des matériaux est un mode opératoire spécial destiné à fournir des lignes directrices lors de la conception des moulages pour des applications finales et n'est pas destiné à être utilisé comme outil de contrôle qualité.
Dans un thermoplastique moulé par injection, le flux du polymère fondu peut influer sur l'orientation des charges comme les fibres de verre ou sur l'orientation des chaînes de polymères. Il peut en découler un comportement anisotrope.
Pour le présent document, la direction du flux est définie comme étant la direction allant du seuil jusqu'au fond de la cavité du moule, et la direction transversale est la direction perpendiculaire à la direction du flux.
Le moule de type F n'est pas destiné à remplacer le moule de type D utilisé pour la détermination du retrait au moulage des thermoplastiques.
Polimerni materiali - Vbrizgavanje plastomernih preskušancev - 5. del: Priprava standardnih preskušancev za preiskovanje anizotropije (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 30-Jan-2025
- Technical Committee
- IPMA - Polimer materials and products
- Current Stage
- 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 27-Oct-2025
- Due Date
- 15-Dec-2025
- Completion Date
- 28-Oct-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
Overview
FprEN ISO 294-5 (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025) specifies the type F ISO mould and preparation procedure for injection-moulded plates used to investigate anisotropy in thermoplastic materials. The standard defines preferred plate dimensions (80 mm × 120 mm) and a preferred thickness (2 mm) to produce specimens that highlight the maximum anisotropic behaviour caused by flow-induced orientation of fibres or polymer chains. The procedure is intended to guide designers and materials engineers in assessing upper and lower bounds for mechanical properties of mouldings - it is not intended as a routine quality‑control test.
Key topics and requirements
- Type F ISO mould: Two-cavity mould producing plates of preferred size 80 × 120 mm (minimum length ≥ 120 mm, width ≥ 80 mm). Preferred thickness 2 mm (other depths allowed to study different skin/core ratios).
- Specimen geometry and gating: Flood gate and runner arrangement as specified; gate height is half the cavity depth if other thicknesses are used. Typical projected area and shot volume for runners/gates/cavities are approximately 20 000 mm² and 40 000 mm³, respectively.
- Anisotropy definition: Flow direction = gate → far end of cavity; cross direction = perpendicular to flow. Anisotropy arises from fibre and chain orientation during mould filling.
- Process sensitivity: Skin-to-core thickness ratio, and therefore anisotropy, depends on specimen thickness and injection (fill) velocity. The 2 mm plate gives a high skin/core ratio that maximizes anisotropic contrast with limited sensitivity to injection rate.
- Instrumentation and machine: Use an injection‑moulding machine meeting ISO 294‑1 requirements; pressure sensors are optional and, if used, should be centrally located across the cavity width.
- Scope limitations: The type F mould is not a substitute for the type D mould (used for moulding shrinkage) and the method is for design guidance, not material acceptance testing.
Applications and who should use it
- Materials and plastics engineers evaluating flow-induced anisotropy in reinforced or filled thermoplastics.
- Mould and part designers seeking upper/lower tensile property bounds for structural components.
- R&D laboratories studying the effects of processing conditions (thickness, fill rate, gating) on mechanical behaviour.
- Suppliers and formulators demonstrating potential anisotropic performance to OEMs (for design guidance rather than QC certification).
Related standards
- ISO 294-1:2017 - General principles for injection moulding of test specimens
- ISO 20753 - Plastics - Test specimens
- ISO 2818 - Preparation of test specimens by machining
- Other parts of the ISO 294 series covering multipurpose and bar test specimens
Keywords: FprEN ISO 294-5, ISO 294-5, type F ISO mould, injection moulding, anisotropy, thermoplastic test specimens, 80×120×2 mm plate, skin-core ratio, fibre orientation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
kSIST FprEN ISO 294-5:2025 is a draft published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025)". This standard covers: This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm, and a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. Suitable test specimens according to ISO 20753 type A22 or B3 are then machined or stamped from the plates and used to obtain information on the anisotropy. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour. For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.
This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm, and a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. Suitable test specimens according to ISO 20753 type A22 or B3 are then machined or stamped from the plates and used to obtain information on the anisotropy. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour. For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.
kSIST FprEN ISO 294-5:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
kSIST FprEN ISO 294-5:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN ISO 294-5:2018. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
kSIST FprEN ISO 294-5:2025 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
01-januar-2025
Polimerni materiali - Vbrizgavanje plastomernih preskušancev - 5. del: Priprava
standardnih preskušancev za preiskovanje anizotropije (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5:
Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Kunststoffe - Spritzgießen von Probekörpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung
von Standardprobekörpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastiques - Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques -
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie (ISO/DIS
294-5:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 294-5
ICS:
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
2024-11-11
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
2025-02-03
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
ICS: 83.080.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
ICS: 83.080.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2024
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
ii
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 Type F ISO mould .2
4.2 Injection-moulding machine .4
5 Procedure . 4
5.1 Conditioning of material .4
5.2 Injection moulding .4
5.3 Preparation of test specimen . .4
6 Report on test specimen preparation . 5
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens . 6
Bibliography . 7
iii
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic
materials.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 294-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the size of the plate has been changed from 80 mm × 90 mm × 2 mm to 80 mm × 120 mm × 2 mm;
— the maximum mould-locking force in 4.2 has been recalculated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 294 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv
oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Introduction
Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of applications,
some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can
preferentially align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential
alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction,
the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cross direction with
fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy and it may result in an injection-
moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding
the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirable to know about the anisotropy of an
injection-moulded component.
During the development of this document, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not exhibit
the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned
in the mould filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignment).
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of
random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the mould filling
rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than
do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibr
...
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