SIST EN 459-2:2002

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gradbeno apno – 2. del: Metode preskušanjaBaukalk - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenChaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essaiBuilding lime - Part 2: Test methods91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. MortarICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 459-2:2001SIST EN 459-2:2002en01-april-2002SIST EN 459-2:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 459-2:1995/AC:2001SIST EN 459-2:19951DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 459-2:2002



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 459-2October 2001ICS 91.100.10Supersedes EN 459-2:1994English versionBuilding lime - Part 2: Test methodsChaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essaiBaukalk - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 459-2:2001 ESIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)ContentsPageForeword.2Introduction.31Scope.32Normative references.33Sampling .43.1General .43.2Sampling of powdered material.43.3 Sampling of granular material.43.4Sampling lime putties.44Chemical analysis.54.1General requirements for testing.64.2Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO).64.3 Magnesium oxide (MgO).64.4Carbon dioxide (CO2).64.5Loss on ignition.84.6Sulfate (SO3).94.7Available lime.95Physical tests.115.1Compressive strength.115.2Fineness.145.3Soundness.145.4Setting times.215.5Standard mortar by volume and water demand for values of flow and penetration.215.6Water retention.265.7Determination of air content.285.8Bulk density.295.9Yield.315.10Reactivity.325.11Free water.37ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 "Cement and building of limes",the secretariat which is held by IBN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by April 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byApril 2002.This European Standard supersedes EN 459-2:1994.Opposite to EN 459-2:1994 the following modifications are presented:– editorial changes were made and minor mistakes corrected – alternative method for particle size determination of hydrated limes (prEN 12485:1996)– vibrating table from EN 196-1:1994 was over taken– Amendments for the determination of strength, chemical analysis and sampling of buildings limesEuropean Standard EN 459 consists of the following Parts:2SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria;Part 2: Test methods;Part 3: Conformity evaluation.The existing standards from the EN 196 series were used as a basis for EN 459-2:2001. However, given thechemical and physical properties of building limes, test methods other than those used for cement and masonrycement are necessary and have been incorporated into this European Standard.The precision data (repeatability and reproducibility) are not available in all CEN member countries at the time being.After implementation of the three parts of EN 459 CEN/TC 51 will collect the necessary information to provide theprecision data for the next revision of EN 459-2. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.IntroductionFor the European Standard for building lime EN 459-2:2001 the objective has been to adopt as many Europeanstandardized methods as possible and where this has not been possible to use other appropriate proven methods.Unless otherwise stated, tolerance class m of ISO 2768-1 should be applied (Indications on drawings by "ISO 2768-m").All measurements are in millimetres.1ScopeThis European Standard describes the test methods for all building limes covered by EN 459-1:2001.This European Standard describes reference test methods and in some cases alternative test methods. In the eventof a dispute, only the reference method is used.If methods other than the following are used it is necessary to show that they give results equivalent to those givenby the reference methods.2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the lates edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 196-1:1994, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength.EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement.EN 196-3:1994, Methods of testing cement – Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness.EN 196-6:1989, Methods of testing cement – Part 6: Determination of fineness.EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement – Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement.3SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)EN 196-211), Methods of testing cement – Part 21: Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali contentof cement.EN 459-1:2001, Building lime – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria.EN 932-1, Test for general properties of aggregates – Part 1: Methods for sampling.EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1997).EN 10003-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method.EN 10088-2, Stainless steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general purposes.EN 12485, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption – Calcium carbonate, high-calcium lime and half-burnt dolomite – Test methods.ISO 383, Laboratory glassware – Interchangeable conical ground joints.ISO 2768-1, General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual toleranceindications.ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic method for thedetermination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.ASTM C 230-90, Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement.3
Sampling3.1
GeneralSampling shall be carried out as specified in 3.1 to 3.4 taking into account the need to minimize moisture and carbondioxide absorption.3.2
Sampling of powdered materialSampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 196-7.Before carrying out chemical analysis, the sample shall be reduced in mass by means of a sample divider and/orby quartering to produce a sub-sample of suitable mass for the intended determinations. Any coarse material shallbe reduced in size to less than 0,3 mm.3.3
Sampling of granular materialSampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1.Before carring out chemical analysis, the sample shall be crushed, ground and reduced in mass to produce a sub-sample finer than 0,3 mm and of suitable mass for the intended determinations.3.4
Sampling lime puttiesThe spot sample size shall be (10 ± 5) dm3.Where lime putties are sampled, the increments shall be blended thoroughly.
1) EN 196-21 is currently being incorporated into EN 196-2.4SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)4
Chemical analysis4.1
General requirements for testing4.1.1
Number of testsAnalysis of a building lime may require the determination of a number of its chemical properties. For each determina-tion one or more tests shall be carried out in which the number of measurements to be taken shall be as specifiedin the relevant clause of this standard.Where the analysis is one of a series subject to statistical control, determination of each chemical property by asingle test shall be the minimum required.Where the analysis is not a part of a series subject to statistical control, the number of tests for determination ofeach chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).In the case of a dispute, the number of tests for determination of each chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).4.1.2
Expression of masses, volumes, factors and resultsExpress masses in grams to the nearest 0,0001 g and volumes from burettes in millilitres to the nearest 0,05 ml.Express the factors of solutions, given by mean of three measurements, to three decimal places.Express the results, where a single test result has been obtained, as a percentage generally to two decimal places.Express the results, where two test results have been obtained, as the mean of the results, as a percentagegenerally to two decimal places.If the two test results differ by more than twice the standard deviation of repeatability (laboratory), repeat the test andtake the mean of the two closest test results.The results of all individual tests shall be recorded.4.1.3
Blank determinationsCarry out a blank determination without a sample, where relevant, following the same procedure and using the sameamounts of reagents. Correct the results obtained for the analytical determination accordingly.4.1.4
ReagentsAll reagents shall be of an analytical grade appropriate for the method being used. The water used shall comply withthe appropriate grade specified in EN ISO 3696.4.1.5
Evaluation of test resultsThe chemical requirements for building limes are specified in Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001. For quicklime the specifiedvalues correspond to the finished product.For all other types (hydrated lime, lime putty, hydraulic and natural hydraulic lime) the values are based on theproduct after subtraction of its free water and bound water content. The values obtained by application of proceduresdescribed in this European Standard for calcium and magnesium oxide (4.2), magnesium oxide (4.3), carbon dioxide(4.4), sulfate (4.6) and available lime (4.7) are for the products without subtraction of the free water and bound watercontent. To compare these values with Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001, they shall first be corrected by multiplication byfactor F. Factor F shall be determined in the following way.Determine the carbon dioxide content as described in 4.4 and the loss on ignition as described in 4.5. The loss onignition is the sum of the free water, bound water and carbon dioxide, provided that the sample does not contain anyhighly volatile compounds or oxidizable constituents. Calculate the total (free + bound) water content WT as apercentage by mass of the sample using.5SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)WT = loss on ignition (m/m %) – carbon dioxide content (m/m %)Calculate the factor F from the following equation:F = 100 / (100 – WT)4.2
Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO)Determine the (CaO + MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2. 4.3
Magnesium oxide (MgO)Determine the (MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2.4.4Carbon dioxide (CO2)4.4.1Reference methodDetermine the CO2 content using the reference method given in EN 196-21.4.4.2Volumetric determination of carbon dioxide (alternative method)4.4.2.1PrincipleThe CO2 contained in the building lime in the form of carbonates is given off by reaction with hydrochloric acid anddetermined volumetrically.4.4.2.2ApparatusThe apparatus is shown in Figure 1.6SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)Key1Dropping funnel2Stopcock 13Stopcock 24Capillary tubes5Three-way tap6Decomposition flask with a volume of 50 ml7Absorption vessel containing potassium hydroxide solution8Burette9Levelling vessel with sealing liquid10Jacketed tube filled with waterFigure 1 – Kleine apparatus for determination of carbon dioxide7SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)4.4.2.3Reagentsa) Copper sulfateCuSO4.b) Concentrated hydrochloric acidHCI (r = 1,18 to 1,19 g/cm3).c) Dilute hydrochloric acid1 + 1 (1 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1 part ofwater by volume).d) Methyl red solutionDissolve 0,2 g of methyl red in water and make up to 100 ml.e) Sealing liquidAdd 20 g of sodium sulfate and 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acidto water and make up to 100 ml and colour with a few drops ofmethyl red solution. The sealing liquid shall be saturatedwith CO2.f) Potassium hydroxide solutioncontaining 50 % by mass of KOH.g) Calcium carbonateCaCO3 dried to constant mass at (250 ± 5) °C.4.4.2.4ProcedureThe mass of the building lime sample used depends on the expected CO2 content and shall be chosen approximate-ly as follows:2 g for 0 % £CO2 £ 2 %;1 g for 2 % (V1 V2)×PT×m1Cis the carbon dioxide content by mass, in percent;F1is the correction factor in accordance with 4.4.2.6;V1is the volume of the gas before absorption, in millilitres;V2is the volume of the gas after absorption, in millilitres;Pis the corrected barometer reading, in pascals×100;Tis the measurement temperature, in kelvins;m1is the mass of the sample, in grams.8SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)If the calibration and determination are carried out directly after one another, the temperature and atmosphericpressure need not be taken into consideration. For this case, equation (1) is simplified to:if 0,1 g of CaCO3 is weighed out for the calibration.(2)C
4,397(V1 V2)ofmeasurement(V3 V4)ofcalibration×m1Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).4.4.2.6Calibration of the apparatusWeigh 0,1 g of calcium carbonate, dried to constant mass at (250 ± 5) °C, to an accuracy of 0,5 mg into thedecomposition flask. Carry out the determination as described in 4.4.2.4.The volume difference (V3 – V4) corresponds to the carbon dioxide content of the calibration material. Calculate thecorrection factor F1 of the absorption apparatus from the following relationship, obtained by rearranging equation (1):The meanings of the symbols correspond to those given in 4.4.2.5.(3)F1
82,96×T(V3 V4)×PThe factor shall be in the range 1,00 to 1,04, otherwise the apparatus is to be checked for tightness and properfunctioning and the calibration repeated.4.5Loss on ignitionDetermine the loss on ignition using the method given in EN 196-2.NOTE An alternative desiccant may be used, if it is proved to be as effective as magnesium perchlorate.4.6Sulfate (SO3)Determine the sulfate content using the method given in EN 196-2. 4.7Available lime4.7.1GeneralUse the method given in 4.7.2 for air lime and the method given in 4.7.3 for hydraulic lime.4.7.2Determination of available lime content of air limes4.7.2.1PrincipleThe available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is dissolved in a solution of sucrose and titrated withhydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein being used as an indicator.To ensure complete dissolution of highly reactive limes (tu < 2 min, according to 5.10.5) which are prone to form largeparticles of calcium hydroxide when slaked, those limes should be wetted with 1 ml of methanol before being addedto the water.4.7.2.2Reagentsa) Waterb) SucroseRefined sugar, commercially availablec) MethanolCH3OHd) Hydrochloric acid1 mol/l (standard solution)e) Phenolphthalein indicatorDissolve 0,5 g of phenolphthalein in 50 ml of ethanol and diluteto 100 ml with water4.7.2.3ProcedurePlace 50 ml of water in a 300 ml conical flask. Transfer (1 ± 0,1) g of lime sample weighed to an accuracy of 1 mgto the flask and swirl to suspend. Add 10 g of sucrose, stopper the flask and keep the suspension in motion for12 min to 15 min (magnetic stirrer, vibrating table or similar apparatus). Then filter through two fine filter papers.Wash the flask with six 25 ml portions of cold water and titrate the filtrate or an aliquot part with the hydrochloric acidusing phenolphthalein as indicator.9SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)4.7.2.4Expression of resultsCalculate the available lime content as CaO from the equation:where(4)Ka
2,804V5xC1m2Kais the available lime content by mass, in percent;V5is the volume of hydrochloric acid used, in millilitres;C1is the factor of hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l;m2is the mass of the sample, in grams.Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).4.7.3Determination of available lime content of hydraulic lime4.7.3.1PrincipleThe available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is extracted by means of ethylacetoacetate andthe extract titrated with hydrochloric acid, bromophenol blue being used as an indicator.4.7.3.2Reagentsa) EthylacetoacetateCH3COCH2COOC2H5, for synthesisb) 2-Propanol(CH3)2CHOHc) Concentrated hydrochloric acidHCI, see 4.4.2.3 b)d) Hydrochloric acid1 mol/l (standard solution)e) Dilute hydrochloric acid0,1 mol/l (standard solution)f) Sodium hydroxide on supportNaOH, for elementary analysisg) EthanolC2H5OHh) Bromophenol blue indicatorTetrabromophenol sulphonphthaleini) Bromophenol blue solutionDissolve 0,1 g bromophenol blue in ethanol and make up thesolution to 100 ml with the samej) Isobutanol(CH)3CHCH2OH4.7.3.3ProcedurePlace 12 ml ethylacetoacetate and 80 ml Isobutanol in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask with a joint conforming to ISO 383,nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm, large 32 mm. Add approximately 1 g of the sample, dried out of contact withthe air (vacuum-drying oven) at (105 ± 5) °C, ground to analytical fineness and weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg, tothe mixture and shake. Bring the mixture to the boil while stirring (e. g. with a magnetic stirrer) and then reflux. Thelower end of the reflux condenser is fitted with a joint conforming to ISO 383, nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm,large 32 mm, while a tube containing sodium hydroxide on a support is connected to its upper end and providesprotection against carbon dioxide penetrating from the air.Stop the extraction after 15 min. Cool the extract to below 50 °C and siphon it off into a 250 ml suction bottlethrough a glass filter funnel. Insert a filter paper for slow filtration speed (particle retention size 2,0 µm to 2,2 µm)and a filter paper for a medium filtration speed (particle retention size 6,5 µm) into the filter funnel. (Do not cut thefilter paper by hand). Moisten the filters with the ethylacetoacetate prior to filtration. If the filtrate is cloudy, carry outa second filtration with the same filter combination. Wash the flask and residue with a maximum of 50 ml 2-propanol.It is not necessary to transfer the last remnants of the residue to the filter funnel.Add 3 to 4 drops of bromophenol blue solution to the filtrate and titrate with hydrochloric acid until the colourchanges to yellow. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is dependent on the probable available lime content. ForHL 2 and/or NHL 2 titrate with the 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid and for HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 titrate with the0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid.4.7.3.4Expression of resultsCalculate the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 from the equation:10SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)where(5a)Ka 2,804×
V6×C2m3Kais the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 by mass, in percent;V6is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l used, in millilitres;C2is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 1mol/l;m3is the mass of the sample, in grams.Calculate the availabe lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 from the equation:where(5b)Kb 0,2804×
V7×C3m3Kbis the available lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 by mass, in percent;V7is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l used, in millilitres;C3is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l;m3is the mass of the sample, in grams.5Physical tests5.1Compressive strength5.1.1GeneralDetermine the compressive strength in accordance with EN 196-1:1994, "hydraulic lime" being substituted where"cement" is mentioned.However, the modifications given in 5.1.2 shall apply.5.1.2Modifications to EN 196-1:19945.1.2.1Composition of mortarA water/binder ratio of 0,50, as specified in EN 196-1:1994, will apply only to HL 5 and NHL 5.For HL 2, HL 3,5, NHL 2 and NHL 3,5 the water/binder ratio shall be 0,55 (each batch for three specimens to beprepared using (248 ± 1) g water).Hydraulic limes and natural hydraulic limes with bulk densities £ 0,60 kg/dm3, which are to be tested for compressivestrength, shall be mixed with a water/binder ratio of 0,60 (each batch for three specimens to be prepared using (270± 1) g water).5.1.2.2Compaction of specimensCompaction by means of the vibrating table shall be the reference method (5.1.2.2.1).The method specified in EN 196-1:1994 (jolting apparatus) is an alternative method.Other alternative methods of compaction may be used provided that the absolute difference between the meanvalues of the 28 day compressive strength (based on at least ten test results) does not exceed 1,5 MPa in paralleltests with 3 different Hydraulic limes HL 5 and NHL 5.5.1.2.2.1Vibrating tableThe vibrating table (see Figure 2) shall conform to the following requirements:a) Method of operationmagnetic vibratorb) Type of oscillationsinusoidalc) Nominal frequency50 Hz11SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)d) Oscillating mass(35 ± 0,1) kg(including empty moulds)e) Oscillating plateThe working surface shall be ground to give an even surface.Minimum size (width × depth) 400 mm × 300 mm consisting ofeither– a single layer of austenitic stainless steel2), (minimum thick-ness 10 mm) or– a double layer of metal (minimum thickness 20 mm), the toplayer made of austenitic stainless steel2) with a minimum thick-ness of 1 mm being bonded permanently to the bottom layer bymeans of a frictional and inter-locking connectionf) Holder for mouldsFixing attachment suitable for moulds 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm including the mounted hopperg) Mass of table³ 100 kgWith the aid of the adjusting screws attached to its lower surface, the vibrating table shall be set up in such a waythat the working surface of the oscillating plate deviates from the horizontal plane by not more than 1 mm/m.The oscillating plate shall produce uniaxial vertical vibrations only. The peak-to-peak amplitude measured at thecentre separating walls and the outer corners of the empty mould shall be (0,75 ± 0,10) mm. The amplitude shallbe continuously displayed.The table shall be equipped with guides or similar devices to hold the mould in the centre of the working surface.It shall be possible to secure the mould and the hopper mounted on it firmly in position by means of a fixingattachment.The duration of vibration shall be set to the nearest second with an automatic timer.
2) E. g. steel type X 8 CrNiS 18-9 (1.4503) according to EN 10088-2.12SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)Key1 Hopper2 Mould3Clamp4Oscillating plate5Control panel with display of amplitude, timer, amplitude setting and main switchFigure 2 – Example of a vibrating table compaction apparatus (schematic representation)5.1.2.2.2Compaction procedureCast the specimens immediately after the preparation of the mortar.Compact the mortar on the vibrating table.The mould shall be mounted firmly on the vibrating table. After the vibrator has been switched on, fill the compart-ments of the mould with two layers of mortar within a maximum of 45 s, proceeding as follows.Working from right to left, place the first layer of mortar into the compartments of the mould within 15 s so that thecompartments are approximately half-full.13SIST EN 459-2:2002



EN 459-2:2001 (E)After an interval of 15 s, during which the vibrator remains switched on, place the second layer in the mould withinthe following 15 s, again working from right to left. Use the total amount of mortar specified in 5.1.2.1. The vibratorshall switch off automatically after (120 ± 1) s.Lift the mould off the vibrating table as gently as possible and remove the hopper. Remove the excess mortarimmediately afterwards using a straightedge (EN 196-1:1994, Figure 3) held almost vertically and moved slowly witha transverse sawing motion (EN 196-1:1994, Figure 2) once in each direction. Smooth the surface of the specimenusing the same straightedge held almost level.5.1.2.3Storage of specimens after demouldingStore the demoulded specimens in a large cabinet (conforming to 4.1 of EN 196-1:1994) maintained continuouslyat a temperature of (20 ± 1) °C and a relative humidity of not less than 90 %, observing the tolerances in respectof time specified in EN 196-1:1994, until such time as the compressive strength test is carried out.5.1.2.4Rate of increase in compressive loadIncrease the compressive load at a rate of (400 ± 40) N/s for all types of building lime.5.2Fineness5.2.1
Reference methodDetermine the fineness in accordance with clause 3 of EN 196-6:1989 but using in addition a 0,2 mm sieve foroversized particles.5.2.2
Alternative methodDetermine the fineness using the air-jet sieving method according to EN 12485 but using test sieves with aperturesizes of 0,20 mm and 0,09 mm.5.3Soundness5.3.1GeneralOwing to the variation in chemica
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