SIST ISO 9836:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2018
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Performance standards in building -- Definition and calculation of area and space
indicators
Normes de performance dans le bâtiment -- Définition et calcul des indicateurs de
surface et de volume
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 9836:2017
ICS:
91.040.01 Stavbe na splošno Buildings in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9836
Third edition
2017-09
Performance standards in building —
Definition and calculation of area and
space indicators
Normes de performance dans le bâtiment — Définition et calcul des
indicateurs de surface et de volume
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Units . 3
5 Intra-muros calculation methods and list of indicators for geometric performance .3
5.1 Surface areas . 3
5.1.1 Calculation principles . 3
5.1.2 Covered area . 3
5.1.3 Total floor area . 3
5.1.4 Intra-muros area . 5
5.1.5 Net floor area . 5
5.1.6 Area of structural elements . 6
5.1.7 Usable area . 6
5.1.8 Services area . 7
5.1.9 Circulation area . 8
5.1.10 Building envelope area . 8
5.1.11 Effective and actual building loss area . 8
5.2 Volumes .15
5.2.1 Calculation principles .15
5.2.2 Gross volume of buildings or parts of buildings which are enclosed and
covered on all sides.17
5.2.3 Gross volume of buildings or parts of buildings which are not enclosed on
all sides up to their full height, but which are covered .17
5.2.4 Gross volume of buildings or parts of buildings which are enclosed by
components, but which are not covered .18
5.2.5 Net volume .18
5.2.6 Net volume above intra-muros area .18
5.2.7 Net volume above usable area .18
5.2.8 Net volume above services area .19
5.2.9 Net volume above circulation area .19
5.3 Examples of indicators .19
5.3.1 Surface area indicators .19
5.3.2 Space indicators.20
5.3.3 Area/volume indicators .21
5.4 Commentary .21
Annex A (informative) Examples of using building loss factors for a new construction .22
Bibliography .23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,
Subcommittee SC 15, Framework for the description of housing performance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9836:2011), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with the following changes plus other minor editorial modifications:
— in Figure 1, the intra-muros area has been changed;
— in 5.1.7.3, ISO 6241:1984, Tables 1 and 2 has been changed to ISO 19208:2016, Table B.1;
— in 5.4, ISO 6241:1984, Table 2 has been changed to ISO 19208:2016;
— in Bibliography, references have been added;
— in 5.1.11 g) and A.2, the decimal point expression has been corrected.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The surface area and volume indicators derived from measuring spaces in buildings can be used to
compare aspects of value, such as the proportion of space or volume which can be utilized functionally.
As approximate values for planning, they can be a basis for further developments.
Reference to surface area and volume indicators when assessing buildings, which either already exist or
which are in the planning stage, indirectly indicates certain economic characteristics of the buildings.
Thus, the relationship between the area taken up by the building and the usable area indicates whether
the building costs and materials have been used to their best advantage.
In the same way, the relationship between the area of the building envelope and the usable area shows
the extent to which basic savings have been made on the envelope and the running costs of the heating
and air conditioning systems.
As far as the determination of the economic performance of whole buildings is concerned, surface
area and volume indicators contain basic data for calculation and comparison of capital costs and for
running costs and maintenance. They give a basis for the minimization of running costs by limiting
the amount of space and the cost of individual materials. For example, if the area of the external walls
is small compared to the usable area, this would indicate not only relatively low energy costs but also
relatively low cleaning and maintenance costs for facades.
NOTE Examples of using building loss factors for a new construction are given in Annex A.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9836:2017(E)
Performance standards in building — Definition and
calculation of area and space indicators
1 Scope
This document specifies the definition and calculation of surface area and volume indicators.
In defining area measurement, this document uses three measurement concepts:
a) the intra-muros and extra-muros concept used in many parts of the world;
b) the wall centre method of measurement used in many parts of the world;
c) variations on these methods to comply with certain national laws or for particular types of
buildings.
The surface area and volume indicators defined in this document are intended for practical use, as a
basis for measuring various aspects of the performance of buildings or as a planning aid. In other words,
they should enable judgement to be made on functional, technical and economic aspects of buildings.
This document is intended to be used when establishing
— specifications for the geometric performance of a building and its spaces (e.g. in design, purchasing
procedures, etc., or in building regulations where appropriate),
— technical documentation relating to the performance of whole buildings prepared by designers,
contractors and manufacturers,
— the amount of floor area that will not be effectively available for the placement of an individual’s
workplace, furniture, equipment, or for circulation, and
— evaluation, comparison or control of the properties of a building which are connected to its geometric
performance.
NOTE Although there are a variety of methods of area measurement around the world depending on the
country and/or types of buildings, all measuring methods are not necessarily of practical use because of inability
to identify real area (e.g. the wall centre method of measurement). Thus, this document specializes in the
measurement solely for practical use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6707-1, Building and civil engineering — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6707-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
surface area indicator
amount of certain types of area (e.g. usable area) and the relationship between different types of area
(e.g. area occupied by structure/usable area)
3.2
volume indicator
amount of certain types of volume (e.g. net volume) and the relationship between different types of
volume (e.g. gross volume/net volume)
Note 1 to entry: An example of a relationship indicator of volume is gross volume/net volume.
3.3
mixed surface area and volume indicator
indicator relating a type of volume to a type of area (e.g. gross volume/usable area) and a type of area
to a type of volume
Note 1 to entry: Clause 5 gives further definitions of the different surface area and volume indicators, together
with the appropriate calculation methods.
Note 2 to entry: An example of a mixed relationship indicator is area of building envelope/net volume.
3.4
building loss feature
feature or element of a building in which a portion of the floor area is not available for an individual’s
activities, or for furniture, equipment or circulation
Note 1 to entry: Examples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature
are workplaces, corridors, etc.
Note 2 to entry: A building loss feature may be a physical element such as a column, or the configuration of an
element such as the curve of a wall, or the configuration of a fire escape route which is mandated by regulation
but not needed for normal circulation.
3.5
effective building loss area
portion of the floor area that is not physically occupied by building material yet is not fully available for
an individual’s activities, or for furniture, equipment or for circulation, because of a building loss feature
Note 1 to entry: Examples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature
are workplaces, corridors, etc.
3.6
actual building loss area
portion of the floor area that is not available for an individual's activities, or for furniture, equipment or
for circulation, because it is physically occupied by a building loss feature, or is required to be vacant by
law or regulation or by a lease
Note 1 to entry: Examples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature
are workplaces, corridors, etc.
3.7
perimeter encroachment
form of building loss feature which prevents effective use of floor area near a wall or other geometrically
regular building form
Note 1 to entry: Examples of a perimeter encroachment include pilaster, convector, baseboard heating unit and
radiator.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4 Units
Surface area and volume indicators are obtained by measuring the plan and elevation of the building.
2 3 2 2 3 3
Their units of measurement differ according to the type of calculation (m : m : m /m : m /m :
2 3 3 2
m /m : m /m ).
5 Intra-muros calculation methods and list of indicators for geometric
performance
5.1 Surface areas
NOTE See Figure 1.
5.1.1 Calculation principles
5.1.1.1 Surfaces which are horizontal or vertical are measured by their actual dimensions. For
calculations of area and space, inclined planes are measured by their vertical projection onto an
(imaginary) horizontal plane or vertical plane as appropriate. For calculations of heat gain or loss, the
actual exposed surface area shall be used instead of the projected area.
5.1.1.2 The surface areas are expressed in square metres, to two decimal places.
5.1.2 Covered area
5.1.2.1 The covered area is the area of ground covered by buildings in their finished state.
5.1.2.2 The covered area is determined by the vertical projection of the external dimensions of the
building onto the ground.
The following are not included in covered area:
— construction or parts of construction not projecting above the surface of the ground;
— secondary components, e.g. external staircases, external ramps, canopies, horizontal sun-shields,
roof overhangs, street lighting;
— the areas of outdoor facilities, e.g. greenhouses and outhouses.
5.1.3 Total floor area
5.1.3.1 The total floor area of a building is the total area of all floor levels. Floor levels may be storeys
which are either completely or partially under the ground, storeys above ground, attics, terraces, roof
terraces, service floors or storage floors (see Figure 1).
It is necessary to distinguish between
a) floor areas which are enclosed and covered on all sides,
b) floor areas which are not enclosed on all sides up to their full height, but which are covered, such as
recessed balconies, and
c) floor areas which are contained within components (e.g. parapets, fascias, handrails), but which
are not covered, such as open balconies.
Key
1 total floor area (see 5.1.3)
2 intra-muros area (see 5.1.4)
3 usable area (see 5.1.7)
4 area of structural elements (see 5.1.6)
5 covered area (see 5.1.2)
Figure 1 — Presentation of principal areas
5.1.3.2 The total floor area of each level is obtained from the external dimensions of the enclosing
elements, at floor height, above and below ground. These elements include finishes, claddings and
parapets.
Recesses and projections for structural or aesthetic purposes and profiling are not included if they
do not alter the net floor area (see 5.1.5). Covered floor areas which are not enclosed or are partially
enclosed and have no enclosing elements [e.g. areas in accordance with 5.1.3.1 b)] are calculated
according to the vertical projection of the outer limit of the covering components.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Net floor area is not determined for the following spaces (see 5.1.5.4):
— voids between the ground and the underside of the building, e.g. crawlways;
— space inside ventilated roofs;
— roofs not subjected to foot traffic other than for maintenance purposes.
5.1.3.3 The total floor area is calculated separately for each floor level. Areas with varying storey height
within one floor level (e.g. large halls, auditoria) are also calculated separately.
5.1.3.4 If the floor areas are added together, the proportions of the different areas (according to 5.1.3)
shall be distinguishable in order to enable the evaluation, comparison and separate calculation of the
volumes.
5.1.3.5 The total floor area is made up of the net floor area (see 5.1.5) and the area taken up by the
structure (see 5.1.6). This is diagrammed in Figure 2.
Total Floor Total Floor
Total Floor Total Floor
Area Area
Area Area
Floor Area of
IntrIntra-muroa-muross Floor ArFloor Area ea ofof
Floor Area of
Net Floor ArNet FloorAreeaa
Area External Walls
StructurStructuralal
Area External Walls
Elements
Elements
Floor Area of
Floor Area of Circulation
Floor Area of Floor Area of Circulation
Services ArServices Areeaa
Usable Usable ArAreaea
Internal Walls,
External WExternal Waallslls Internal Walls, AreaArea
Columns,
Columns,
Partitions, etc.
Partitions, etc.
Effective Effective Floor
Effective Effective Floor
Building Loss Area for
Building Loss Area for
Area Occupants
Area Occupants
Figure 2 — Components of total floor area
5.1.4 Intra-muros area
5.1.4.1 The intra-muros area is the total floor area (see 5.1.3) less the floor area taken up by the
external walls (floor area of the building envelope).
5.1.4.2 The intra-muros area is determined separately for each floor level. The calculation principles
established for the total floor area (see 5.1.3) and for the area taken up by the external walls (see 5.1.6)
apply equally. The intra-muros area is obtained by subtracting the area taken up by the external walls
from the total floor area.
5.1.4.3 The intra-muros area includes the net floor area (see 5.1.5) and the area taken up by the
internal walls.
5.1.5 Net floor area
5.1.5.1 The net floor area is the area between (within) the enclosing elements (see also 5.1.3.2).
5.1.5.2 The net floor area is determined separately for each floor level and is subdivided according
to 5.1.3.1. It is calculated from the clear dimensions of the finished building at floor height, excluding
skirtings, thresholds, etc.
Covered floor areas that are not enclosed or only partially enclosed and have no enclosing elements
[areas mentioned in 5.1.3.1 b)] are determined by the vertical projection of the outer limit of the covering
components. Areas with varying storey height within one floor level (e.g. large halls and auditoria) are
calculated separately.
5.1.5.3 Also included in the net floor area are demountable components such as partitions, pipes
and ducts.
5.1.5.4 The floor areas of structural elements, door and window recesses, and niches to recesses in the
elements enclosing the area are not included in the net floor area.
5.1.5.5 The net floor area is divided into
— usable area (see 5.1.7),
— services area (see 5.1.8), and
— circulation area (see 5.1.9).
5.1.6 Area of structural elements
5.1.6.1 The area of structural elements is the area within the total floor area (on a horizontal section
at floor level) of the enclosing elements (e.g. external and internal load-bearing walls) and the area of
columns, pillars, piers, chimneys, partitions, etc., which cannot be entered (see Figure 1).
5.1.6.2 The area of structural elements is determined separately for each floor level and, where
necessary, is subdivided according to 5.1.3.1. It is calculated from the dimensions of the finished building
at floor height excluding skirtings, thresholds, plinths, etc.
5.1.6.3 Also included in the area of structural elements are the floor areas of door recesses, and
recesses and niches in the enclosing elements (see 5.1.5.4). This is in accordance with 5.1.3.2.
5.1.6.4 The area of structural elements may also be calculated as the difference between the total floor
area (see 5.1.3) and the net floor area (see 5.1.5).
5.1.7 Usable area
5.1.7.1 The usable area is that part of the net floor which corresponds to the purpose and use of the
building (see Figure 1).
5.1.7.2 The usable area is determined separately for floor level and is subdivided according to 5.1.3.1.
5.1.7.3 Usable areas are classified according to the purpose of the building and the use to which they
are put; they are usu
...

SLOVENSKI SIST ISO 9836
STANDARD marec 2018
Standardi za lastnosti stavb – Definicija in računanje indikatorjev
površine in prostornine
Performance standards in building – Definition and calculation of area and space
indicators
Normes de performance dans le bâtiment – Définition et calcul des indicateurs de
surface et de volume
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.040.01 SIST ISO 9836:2018 (sl)

Nadaljevanje na straneh od 2 do 27

© 2020-03. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST ISO 9836 (sl), Standardi za lastnosti stavb – Definicija in računanje indikatorjev površine
in prostornine, 2018, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten mednarodnemu standardu ISO
9836 (en), Performance standards in building – Definition and calculation of area and space indicators,
2017.
Ta standard nadomešča SIST ISO 9836:2011.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Mednarodni standard ISO 9836:2017 je pripravil tehnični odbor ISO/TC 59 Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski
objekti. Slovenski standard SIST ISO 9836:2018 je prevod mednarodnega standarda ISO 9836:2017.
V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni mednarodni
standard v angleškem jeziku.
Odločitev za privzem tega standarda je februarja 2018 sprejel Strokovni svet za splošno področje
standardizacije.
ZVEZA S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega mednarodnega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:

SIST ISO 6707-1 Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski objekti – Slovar – 1. del: Splošni izrazi

OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda ISO 9836:2017

PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– standard SIST ISO 9836:2011

OPOMBI
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "mednarodni standard", v SIST ISO 9836:2018
to pomeni "slovenski standard".

– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 4
Uvod . 5
1 Področje uporabe . 6
2 Zveze s standardi . 6
3 Izrazi in definicije . 6
4 Merske enote . 7
5 Načini računanja dimenzij med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) in seznam indikatorjev
geometrijskih lastnosti . 8
5.1 Površine . ………………………………….8
5.1.1 Načela računanja .8
5.1.2 Zazidana površina . 8
5.1.3 Bruto tlorisna površina . 8
5.1.4 Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) . 10
5.1.5 Neto tlorisna površina . 10
5.1.6 Površina konstrukcijskih elementov . 11
5.1.7 Uporabna površina . 11
5.1.8 Tehnična površina . 12
5.1.9 Komunikacijska površina . 12
5.1.10 Površina ovoja stavbe . 12
5.1.11 Posledična nefunkcionalna in dejanska nefunkcionalna površina stavbe . 13
5.2 Prostornine . 20
5.2.1 Načela računanja . 20
5.2.2 Bruto prostornina stavb ali delov stavb, ki so omejeni na vseh straneh in v celoti pokriti . 21
5.2.3 Bruto prostornina stavb ali delov stavb, ki niso omejeni z vseh strani do polne višine,
so pa pokriti . 22
5.2.4 Bruto prostornina stavb ali delov stavb, ki so omejeni z elementi, niso pa pokriti . 22
5.2.5 Neto prostornina . 22
5.2.6 Neto prostornina nad površino med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) . 23
5.2.7 Neto prostornina nad uporabno površino . 23
5.2.8 Neto prostornina nad tehnično površino . 23
5.2.9 Neto prostornina nad komunikacijsko površino . 23
5.3 Primeri indikatorjev . 23
5.3.1 Indikatorji površine . 23
5.3.2 Indikatorji prostornine . 24
5.3.3 Indikatorji površine in prostornine . 25
5.4 Komentar . 25
Dodatek A (informativni): Primeri uporabe faktorjev nefunkcionalnih delov za novogradnjo . 26
Literatura . 27

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
Predgovor
ISO (Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo) je svetovna zveza nacionalnih organov za standarde
(članov ISO). Mednarodne standarde po navadi pripravljajo tehnični odbori ISO. Vsak član, ki želi
delovati na določenem področju, za katero je bil ustanovljen tehnični odbor, ima pravico biti zastopan v
tem odboru. Pri delu sodelujejo mednarodne vladne in nevladne organizacije, povezane z ISO. V vseh
zadevah, ki so povezane s standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike, ISO tesno sodeluje z
Mednarodno elektrotehniško komisijo (IEC).
Postopki, uporabljeni pri razvoju tega dokumenta, in predvideni postopki za njegovo vzdrževanje so
opisani v Direktivah ISO/IEC, 1. del. Posebna pozornost naj se nameni različnim kriterijem odobritve,
potrebnim za različne vrste dokumentov ISO. Ta dokument je bil pripravljen v skladu z uredniškimi
pravili Direktiv ISO/IEC, 2. del (glej www.iso.org/directives).
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da je lahko nekaj elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet
patentnih pravic. ISO ne prevzema odgovornosti za ugotavljanje katerihkoli ali vseh takih patentnih
pravic. Podrobnosti o morebitnih patentnih pravicah, opredeljenih med pripravo tega dokumenta, bodo
navedene v uvodu in/ali na seznamu ISO s prejetimi patentnimi izjavami (glej www.iso.org/patents).
Morebitna trgovska imena, uporabljena v tem dokumentu, so informacije za uporabnike in ne pomenijo
podpore blagovni znamki.
Za razlago prostovoljne narave standardov, pomena specifičnih pojmov in izrazov ISO, povezanih z
ugotavljanjem skladnosti, ter informacij o tem, kako ISO spoštuje načela Svetovne trgovinske
organizacije (WTO) v tehničnih ovirah pri trgovanju (TBT), glej naslednji naslov URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Ta dokument je pripravil tehnični odbor ISO/TC 59 Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski objekti, pododbor SC
15 Ogrodje za opis lastnosti stanovanj.
Ta tretja izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča drugo izdajo (ISO 9836:2011) ter vključuje manjše popravke
z naslednjimi spremembami in druge manjše uredniške spremembe:
̶ na sliki 1 je bila spremenjena površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros);
̶ v točki 5.1.7.3 je bilo sklicevanje na preglednici 1 in 2 iz standarda ISO 6241:1984 spremenjeno v
sklicevanje na preglednico B.1 iz standarda ISO 19208:2016;
̶ v točki 5.4 je bilo sklicevanje na preglednico 2 iz standarda ISO 6241:1984 spremenjeno v
sklicevanje na standard ISO 19208:2016;
̶ v poglavju "Literatura" so bila dodana sklicevanja;
̶ v točkah 5.1.11 g) in A.2 je bil popravljen zapis decimalne vejice.
SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
Uvod
Indikatorji površine in prostornine, določeni z merjenjem prostora v stavbah, so lahko uporabljeni za
primerjavo vrednostnih značilnosti, kot je razmerje površine ali prostornine, ki je lahko funkcionalno
uporabljena. Kot približne vrednosti za načrtovanje so lahko podlaga za njihovo nadaljnjo uporabo.

Sklic na indikatorje površine in prostornine pri ocenjevanju stavb, že zgrajenih ali v fazi projektiranja,
posredno kaže na nekatere ekonomske značilnosti stavb. Razmerje med površino, ki jo pokriva stavba,
in uporabno površino zato kaže, ali so bili stroški gradnje in materiali najbolj gospodarno porabljeni.

Na enak način razmerje med površino ovoja stavbe in uporabno površino kaže na obseg osnovnih
prihrankov pri stroških ovoja in obseg tekočih stroškov sistemov za ogrevanje in hlajenje.

Za ugotavljanje ekonomičnosti celotnih stavb indikatorji površine in prostornine vsebujejo osnovne
podatke za računanje in primerjavo glavnih stroškov ter tekočih stroškov in stroškov vzdrževanja. Z
omejevanjem količine prostora in stroškov posameznih materialov dajejo podlago za minimiziranje
tekočih stroškov. Na primer, če je površina obodnih sten v primerjavi z uporabno površino majhna, to
kaže ne samo na relativno nizke stroške energije, ampak tudi na relativno nizke stroške čiščenja in
vzdrževanja fasade.
OPOMBA: Primeri uporabe faktorjev nefunkcionalnih delov novih konstrukcij so podani v dodatku A.

SIST ISO 9836 : 2019
Standardi za lastnosti stavb – Definicija in računanje indikatorjev površine in
prostornine
1  Področje uporabe
Ta dokument določa definicijo in računanje indikatorjev površine in prostornine.

Pri opredeljevanju merjenja površin ta dokument uporablja tri načine merjenja dimenzij:
a) merjenje med stenami (intra muros) in zunaj sten (extra muros), ki ga uporabljajo v številnih delih
sveta,
b) merjenje po oseh sten (sredini sten), ki ga uporabljajo v številnih delih sveta,
c) kombinacije teh dveh načinov, kot to določajo nacionalne zakonodaje ali so primerne za posebne
vrste stavb.
Indikatorji površine in prostornine, opredeljeni v tem dokumentu, so namenjeni praktični uporabi kot
podlaga za ocenjevanje različnih vidikov kakovosti stavb ali kot pomoč pri načrtovanju. Z drugimi
besedami, ti indikatorji naj bi omogočili presojo glede funkcionalnih, tehničnih in ekonomskih vidikov
stavb.
Ta mednarodni standard naj bi se uporabljal:
– pri določanju geometrijskih lastnosti stavbe in njenih prostorov (npr. pri projektiranju, prodajnih
postopkih itd. ali v gradbenih predpisih, če je to potrebno),
– v projektni dokumentaciji, ki se nanaša na lastnosti stavbe v celoti in ki jo pripravljajo projektanti,
izvajalci in proizvajalci,
– pri določanju tlorisne površine, ki dejansko ne bo na voljo za umestitev delovnega prostora
posameznika, pohištva, opreme ali za komunikacijo,
̶ pri vrednotenju, primerjavi ali kontroli lastnosti stavbe, povezanih z njenimi geometrijskimi lastnostmi.

OPOMBA: Čeprav, kot je navedeno zgoraj, je po svetu več različnih metod za merjenje površine, odvisno od države in/ali
vrste stavb, pa vse merske metode niso nujno praktično uporabne, ker z njimi ni mogoče prepoznati realne
površine (npr. merjenje po oseh sten). Ta mednarodni standard je torej specializiran samo za meritve za praktično
uporabo.
2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega standarda je nujno potreben naslednji navedeni dokument. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih
se uporablja zgolj navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja navedenega
dokumenta (vključno z dopolnili).

ISO 6707-1 Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski objekti – Slovar – 1. del: Splošni izrazi

3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo izrazi in definicije, ki so podani v standardu ISO 6707-1, in spodaj
navedeni.
ISO in IEC vzdržujeta terminološke zbirke za uporabo v standardizaciji na naslednjih naslovih:

̶ IEC Electropedia: dostopno na: http://www.electropedia.org/

̶ spletna platforma za brskanje ISO: dostopno na: http://www.iso.org/obp

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
3.1
indikator površine
količina posameznih vrst površine (npr. uporabna površina) in razmerje med različnimi vrstami površine
(npr. zazidana površina/uporabna površina)

3.2
indikator prostornine
obseg posameznih vrst prostornine (npr. neto prostornina) in razmerje med različnimi vrstami
prostornine (npr. bruto prostornina/neto prostornina)

OPOMBA 1: Primer razmerja indikatorja prostornine je bruto prostornina/neto prostornina.

3.3
kombiniran indikator površine in prostornine
indikator razmerja med vrsto prostornine in vrsto površine (npr. bruto prostornina/uporabna površina) in
razmerja med vrsto površine in vrsto prostornine

OPOMBA 1: Nadaljnje definicije različnih indikatorjev površine in prostornine ter primerne metode računanja so v točki 5.

OPOMBA 2: Primer kombiniranega indikatorja razmerja je površina ovoja stavbe/neto prostornina.

3.4
nefunkcionalni deli stavbe
deli ali elementi stavbe, v katerih del tlorisne površine ni razpoložljiv za aktivnosti posameznika ali za
pohištvo, opremo ali za komunikacijo

OPOMBA 1: Primeri prostorov, v katerih del mogoče ni razpoložljiv zaradi nefunkcionalnih delov stavbe, so delovni prostori,
hodniki itd.
OPOMBA 2: Nefunkcionalni deli stavbe so lahko fizični elementi, kot je steber, ali oblike elementov, kot je ločna stena, ali oblike
poti požarnih stopnic, ki je predpisana s predpisom, vendar ni potrebna za normalno komunikacijo.

3.5
posledična nefunkcionalna površina stavbe
del tlorisne površine, ki še ni fizično zaseden z gradbenim materialom in ni v celoti razpoložljiv za
aktivnosti posameznika ali za pohištvo, opremo ali za komunikacijo zaradi nefunkcionalnih delov stavbe

OPOMBA 1: Primeri prostorov, v katerih del mogoče ni razpoložljiv zaradi nefunkcionalnih delov stavbe, so delovni prostori,
hodniki itd.
3.6
dejanska nefunkcionalna površina stavbe
del tlorisne površine, ki ni razpoložljiv za aktivnosti posameznika ali za pohištvo, opremo ali za
komunikacijo, ker je fizično zaseden z nefunkcionalnimi deli stavbe ali je z zakonom, predpisom ali
najemom zahtevan kot prost
OPOMBA 1: Primeri prostorov, v katerih del mogoče ni razpoložljiv zaradi nefunkcionalnih delov stavbe, so delovni prostori,
hodniki itd.
3.7
deli, štrleči v prostor
oblika nefunkcionalnih delov stavbe, ki preprečuje učinkovito uporabo tlorisne površine blizu sten ali
drugih pravilnih geometrijskih oblik

OPOMBA 1: Primeri delov, štrlečih v prostor, so: steber in/ali slop, konvektor, pokrov ogrevalne enote in radiator.

4 Merske enote
Indikatorji površine in prostornine se računajo iz tlorisnih in narisnih dimenzij stavbe. Njihove merske
2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
enote se razlikujejo glede na vrsto izračuna (m ; m ; m /m ; m /m ; m /m ; m /m ).

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
5 Načini računanja dimenzij med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) in seznam indikatorjev
geometrijskih lastnosti
5.1 Površine
OPOMBA: Glej sliko 1.
5.1.1 Načela računanja
5.1.1.1 Vodoravne ali navpične površine se merijo po njihovih dejanskih dimenzijah. Pri poševnih
ploskvah se površina in prostornina merita z njihovo navpično projekcijo na (namišljeno) vodoravno ali
navpično ravnino, kar je primerneje. Pri izračunu toplotnih izgub pa je treba vedno upoštevati dejansko
površino namesto projektirane.

5.1.1.2 Površine so izražene v kvadratnih metrih na dve decimalni mesti.

5.1.2 Zazidana površina
5.1.2.1 Zazidana površina je površina zemljišča, ki ga pokrivajo dokončane stavbe.

5.1.2.2 Zazidano površino določa navpična projekcija zunanjih dimenzij stavbe na zemljišče.

V zazidano površino niso vključeni:
– zgradbe ali deli zgradb, ki ne segajo nad površino zemljišča,
– pomožni deli, npr. zunanja stopnišča, zunanje klančine, napušči, vodoravni sončni zasloni,
nadstreški, elementi cestne razsvetljave,
– površine pomožnih objektov, npr. rastlinjakov in lop.

5.1.3 Bruto tlorisna površina

5.1.3.1 Bruto tlorisna površina stavbe je celotna površina vseh etaž stavbe. Etaže so lahko nadstropja,
ki so v celoti ali delno pod terenom, nadstropja nad terenom, podstrešja, terase, strešne terase, površine
tehničnih in skladiščnih prostorov (glej sliko 1).

Razlikovati je treba med:
a) tlorisnimi površinami, ki so z vseh strani zaprte do polne višine in v celoti pokrite,
b) tlorisnimi površinami, ki niso zaprte z vseh strani do polne višine, so pa pokrite, npr. lože,
c) tlorisnimi površinami, ki so obdane z elementi, kot so npr. parapeti, venci, ograje, in niso pokrite,
npr. odprti balkoni.
SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
Legenda:
1 bruto tlorisna površina (glej 5.1.3)
2 površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) (glej 5.1.4)
3 uporabna površina (glej 5.1.7)
4 površina konstrukcijskih elementov (glej 5.1.6)
5 zazidana površina (glej 5.1.2)

Slika 1: Predstavitev osnovnih površin

5.1.3.2 Bruto tlorisna površina vsake etaže se izračuna iz zunanjih dimenzij obodnih elementov,
izmerjenih v nivoju etaže nad in pod zemljo. Ometi, fasadne obloge in parapeti so všteti.

Utori in štrline, narejeni iz konstrukcijskih ali estetskih razlogov, ter spremembe profila po višini niso
vključeni, če ne spreminjajo neto tlorisne površine (glej 5.1.5). Zazidane tlorisne površine, ki niso zaprte
ali so delno zaprte in nimajo navpičnih elementov, npr. površine v skladu s 5.1.3.1.b), se računajo do
navpične projekcije zunanjega roba strehe.

Neto tlorisna površina se ne ugotavlja za naslednje (glej 5.1.5.4):
– prazne prostore med zemljiščem in spodnjo stranjo stavbe, npr. vzdrževalne rove,
– prostor znotraj prezračevanih streh,
̶ strehe, po katerih se hodi samo med vzdrževanjem.

5.1.3.3 Bruto tlorisna površina se računa za vsako etažo posebej. Tudi površine, na katerih se višina
etaže v enem talnem nivoju spreminja (npr. velike dvorane, avditoriji), se izračunajo posebej.

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
5.1.3.4 Če se tlorisne površine seštevajo, morajo biti razmerja med različnimi površinami (po 5.1.3)
razpoznavna, tako da jih je mogoče ovrednotiti, primerjati in ločeno izračunati prostornine.

5.1.3.5 Bruto tlorisna površina je sestavljena iz neto tlorisne površine (glej 5.1.5) in površine, ki jo
zavzema konstrukcija (glej 5.1.6). To je prikazano na diagramu na sliki 2.

Slika 2: Sestavine bruto tlorisne površine

5.1.4 Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros)

5.1.4.1 Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) je bruto tlorisna površina (glej 5.1.3), zmanjšana
za tlorisno površino obodnih sten (tlorisno površino oboda stavbe).

5.1.4.2 Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) se določi za vsako etažo posebej. Pri tem se
enakovredno upoštevajo načela za računanje bruto tlorisne površine (glej 5.1.3) in površine, ki jo
zavzemajo obodne stene (glej 5.1.6). Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) se izračuna tako,
da se od bruto tlorisne površine odšteje tlorisna površina obodnih sten.

5.1.4.3 Površina med obodnimi stenami (intra muros) vključuje neto tlorisno površino (glej 5.1.5) in
tlorisno površino notranjih sten.

5.1.5 Neto tlorisna površina
5.1.5.1 Neto tlorisna površina je površina med navpičnimi elementi, ki omejujejo prostor (glej tudi
5.1.3.2).
5.1.5.2 Neto tlorisna površina se določi za vsako etažo posebej in se razdeli, kot je določeno v točki
5.1.3.1. Računa se s svetlimi dimenzijami dokončane stavbe, merjenimi v nivoju tal, brez obrob, pragov
itd.
Zazidane tlorisne površine, ki niso zaprte ali so samo delno zaprte in nimajo navpičnih elementov
[površine, ki so omenjene v 5.1.3.1.b)], se določijo z navpično projekcijo zunanjega roba strehe.
Površine, na katerih se višina etaže v enem talnem nivoju spreminja (npr. velike dvorane, avditoriji), se
računajo posebej.
5.1.5.3 V neto tlorisno površino so vključeni tudi elementi, ki jih je mogoče demontirati, npr. predelne
stene, cevi in kanali za napeljave.

5.1.5.4 V neto tlorisno površino niso vključene površine konstrukcijskih elementov, okenskih in vratnih
odprtin ter niš v elementih, ki omejujejo prostor.

SIST ISO 9836 : 2018
5.1.5.5 Neto tlorisna površina se deli v:
– uporabno površino (glej 5.1.7),
– tehnično površino (glej 5.1.8),
– komunikacijsko površino (glej 5.1.9).

5.1.6 Površina konstrukcijskih elementov

5.1.6.1 Površina konstrukcijskih elementov je del bruto tlorisne površine (horizontalni del v nivoju tal),
ki ga sestavljajo tlorisna površina navpičnih elementov (npr. zunanjih in notranjih nosilnih sten) in
površine stebrov, slopov, vmesnih podpor, dimnikov, predelnih sten in drugih elementov, v katere ni
mogoče vstopiti (glej sliko 1).

5.1.6.2 Površina konstrukcijskih elementov se določi za vsako etažo posebej in se razdeli, kjer je
potrebno, v skladu s 5.1.3.1. Računa se z dimenzijami dokončane stavbe, merjenimi v nivoju tal, brez
obrob, pragov, podstavkov itd.

5.1.6.3 V površino konstrukcijskih elementov so vključene tudi tlorisne površine vratnih odprtin ter
odprtin in niš v navpičnih elementih (glej 5.1.5.4). To je v skladu s 5.1.3.2.

5.1.6.4 Površina konstrukcijskih elementov se lahko izračuna tudi kot razlika med bruto tlorisno
površino (glej 5.1.3) in neto tlorisno površino (glej 5.1.5).

5.1.7 Uporabna površina
5.1.7.1 Uporabna površina je tisti del neto tlorisne površine, ki ustreza namenu in uporabi stavbe (glej
sliko 1).
5.1.7.2 Uporabna površina se določi za vsako etažo posebej in se razdeli v skladu s 5.1.3.1.

5.1.7.3 Uporabne površine se razvrščajo po namenu stavbe in njihovi uporabi; po navadi so razdeljene
na uporabne površine glavnih in pomožnih prostorov.

Delitev uporabne površine glavnih in pomožnih prostorov je odvisna od tega, ali je prostor sestavni del
primarnega(-ih) namena(-ov) stavbe ali prostor le-temu (le-tem) služi.

Spodaj je primer seznama takih namenov. Za več podrobnosti glej preglednico B.1 v standardu ISO
19208:2016.
a) Transport (ljudi, blaga, tekočin, elektrike itd.).
b) Industrija (ročno delo, proizvodnja, tovarne, kmetijstvo, preskušanje itd.).
c) Pisarne, trgovine (učenje, pisanje, risanje, prodaja na debelo in drobno, knjigovodstvo itd.).
d) Medicinska oskrba (pregledi, zdravljenje, operacije itd.).
e) Rekreacija (gimnastika, plavanje, igra, ples itd.).
f) Kultura (obredni nameni, izobraževanje, sestanki itd.).
g) Stanovanja (spanje, bivanje itd.).
h) Komunikacija (pešpoti, hodniki, stopnice itd.).
i) Gostinstvo (kuhanje, prehranjevanje itd.).
j) Higiena (umivanje, toaleta itd.).
k) Čiščenje, vzdrževanje (pranje perila, prostor za hišnika, popravila itd.).
l) Skladišče (blaga, oblačil, hrane itd.).
...