SIST EN IEC 62439-3:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN IEC 62439-3:2018
Industrijska komunikacijska omrežja - Omrežja za avtomatizacijo z visoko
razpoložljivostjo - 3. del: Protokol vzporedne redundance (PRP) in brezprehodna
zanka z visoko razpoložljivostjo (HSR) (IEC 62439-3:2021)
Industrial communication networks - High availability automation networks - Part 3:
Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
(IEC 62439-3:2021)
Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Hochverfügbare Automatisierungsnetze - Teil 3:
Parallelredundanz-Protokoll (PRP) und nahtloser Hochverfügbarkeits-Ring (HSR) (IEC
62439-3:2021)
Réseaux de communication industriels Réseaux d'automatisme à haute disponibilité
Partie 3: Protocole de redondance en parallèle (PRP) et redondance transparente de
haute disponibilité (HSR) (IEC 62439-3:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62439-3:2022
ICS:
25.040.01 Sistemi za avtomatizacijo v Industrial automation
industriji na splošno systems in general
35.110 Omreževanje Networking
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62439-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2022
ICS 25.040.40; 35.100.05 Supersedes EN IEC 62439-3:2018 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Industrial communication networks - High availability automation
networks - Part 3: Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
(IEC 62439-3:2021)
Réseaux de communication industriels - Réseaux de haute Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Hochverfügbare
disponibilité pour l'automatisation - Partie 3: Protocole de Automatisierungsnetze - Teil 3: Parallelredundanz-Protokoll
redondance en parallèle (PRP) et redondance transparente (PRP) und nahtloser Hochverfügbarkeits-Ring (HSR)
de haute disponibilité (HSR) (IEC 62439-3:2021)
(IEC 62439-3:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-01-19. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62439-3:2022 E

European foreword
The text of document 65C/1120/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 62439-3, prepared by SC 65C "Industrial
networks" of IEC/TC 65 "Industrial-process measurement, control and automation" was submitted to
the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62439-3:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022-10-19
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-01-19
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN IEC 62439-3:2018 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62439-3:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61784-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 61784-1
IEC 61784-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 61784-2
IEC 61850 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 61850 (series)
IEC 61850-8-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61850-8-1
IEC 61850-9-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61850-9-2
IEC 62439-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62439-2
IEC 62439-3:2016 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62439-3:2018 (not modified)
IEC 62439-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62439-4
IEC 62439-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62439-6
IEC 62439-7 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62439-7
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-192 - International Electrotechnical - -
Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 192:
Dependability
IEC 61588 2021 Precision Clock Synchronization - -
Protocol for Networked Measurement
and Control Systems
IEC/TR 61850-90-4 2020 Communication networks and systems - -
for power utility automation - Part 90-4:
Network engineering guidelines
IEC 62439-1 - Industrial communication networks - EN 62439-1 -
High availability automation networks -
Part 1: General concepts and calculation
methods
ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3 2021 Telecommunications and exchange - -
between information technology
systems - Requirements for local and
metropolitan area networks - Part 3:
Standard for Ethernet
IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 2016 Communication networks and systems - -
for power utility automation - Part 9-3:
Precision time protocol profile for power
utility automation
IEEE 802.1Q 2018 IEEE Standard for Local and - -
metropolitan area networks – Bridges
and Bridged Network
IETF RFC 768 - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) [online]. - -
August 1980.
IETF RFC 791 - Internet Protocol (IP) [online]. - -
September 1981.
IETF RFC 792 - Internet Control Message Protocol - -
[online]. September 1981.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IETF RFC 793 - Transmission Control Protocol [online]. - -
September 1981.
IETF RFC 826 - Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol - -
[online]. November 1982.
IETF RFC 2578 - Structure of Management Information - -
Version 2 (SMIv2) [online]. April 1999.
IETF RFC 3418 - Structure of Management Information - -
Version 2 (SMIv2) [online]. December
2002.
IEC 62439-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Industrial communication networks – High availability automation networks –

Part 3: Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless

Redundancy (HSR)
Réseaux de communication industriels – Réseaux de haute disponibilité pour

l'automatisation –
Partie 3: Protocole de redondance en parallèle (PRP) et redondance

transparente de haute disponibilité (HSR)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 25.040.40; 35.100.05 ISBN 978-2-8322-1059-5

– 2 – IEC 62439-3:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
INTRODUCTION . 13
0.1 General . 13
0.2 Patent declaration . 13
1 Scope . 15
1.1 General . 15
1.2 Code component distribution . 15
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, and conventions . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions . 17
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 19
3.3 Conventions . 20
4 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) . 20
4.1 PRP principle of operation . 20
4.1.1 PRP network topology . 20
4.1.2 PRP LANs with linear or bus topology . 22
4.1.3 PRP LANs with ring topology . 22
4.1.4 DANP node structure . 23
4.1.5 PRP attachment of singly attached nodes . 24
4.1.6 Compatibility between singly and doubly attached nodes . 25
4.1.7 Network management . 25
4.1.8 Implication on application . 25
4.1.9 Transition to a single-thread network . 26
4.1.10 Duplicate handling . 26
4.1.11 Network supervision . 31
4.1.12 Redundancy management interface . 31
4.2 PRP protocol specifications . 32
4.2.1 Installation, configuration and repair guidelines . 32
4.2.2 Unicast MAC addresses . 32
4.2.3 Multicast MAC addresses . 32
4.2.4 IP addresses . 33
4.2.5 Node specifications . 33
4.2.6 Duplicate Accept mode (testing only) . 33
4.2.7 Duplicate Discard mode . 34
4.3 PRP_Supervision frame . 38
4.3.1 PRP_Supervision frame format . 38
4.3.2 PRP_Supervision frame contents . 40
4.3.3 PRP_Supervision frame for RedBox . 41
4.3.4 Bridging node (deprecated) . 41
4.4 Constants . 42
4.5 PRP layer management entity (LME) . 42
5 High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) . 42
5.1 HSR objectives . 42
5.2 HSR principle of operation . 43
5.2.1 Basic operation with a ring topology . 43
5.2.2 HSR connection to other networks . 45

IEC 62439-3:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
5.2.3 DANH node structure . 57
5.2.4 RedBox structure . 58
5.3 HSR protocol specifications . 59
5.3.1 HSR layout . 59
5.3.2 HSR operation . 59
5.3.3 DANH sending from its link layer interface . 61
5.3.4 DANH receiving from an HSR port . 62
5.3.5 DANH forwarding rules . 62
5.3.6 HSR Class of Service . 64
5.3.7 HSR clock synchronization . 64
5.3.8 Deterministic transmission delay and jitter . 64
5.4 HSR RedBox specifications . 64
5.4.1 RedBox properties . 64
5.4.2 RedBox receiving from port C (interlink) . 65
5.4.3 RedBox receiving from port A or port B (HSR ring) . 67
5.4.4 RedBox receiving from its link layer interface (local) . 69
5.4.5 Redbox ProxyNodeTable handling . 69
5.4.6 RedBox CoS . 69
5.4.7 RedBox clock synchronization . 69
5.4.8 RedBox medium access. 69
5.5 QuadBox specification . 70
5.6 Duplicate Discard method . 70
5.7 Frame format for HSR . 70
5.7.1 Frame format for all frames. 70
5.7.2 HSR_Supervision frame . 71
5.8 HSR constants . 74
5.9 HSR layer management entity (LME) . 75
6 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) . 77
7 PRP/HSR Management Information Base (MIB) . 79
Annex A (normative) Synchronization of clocks over redundant paths . 94
A.1 Overview. 94
A.2 PRP mapping to PTP . 94
A.2.1 Particular operation of PRP for PTP messages . 94
A.2.2 Scenarios and device roles . 96
A.2.3 Attachment to redundant LANs by a BC . 98
A.2.4 Attachment to redundant LANs by doubly attached clocks . 98
A.2.5 Specifications of DANP as DAC . 102
A.2.6 PRP-SAN RedBoxes for PTP . 103
A.3 HSR Mapping to PTP . 123
A.3.1 HSR messages and other messages . 123
A.3.2 HSR operation with PTP messages . 123
A.3.3 HSR with redundant master clocks . 125
A.3.4 HSR timing diagram for PTP messages . 126
A.3.5 HSR nodes specifications . 127
A.4 HSR RedBoxes for PTP . 129
A.4.1 HSR-SAN RedBox . 129
A.4.2 HSR-PRP RedBox connection by BC . 130
A.4.3 HSR-PRP RedBox connection by TC . 132
A.4.4 HSR to HSR connection by QuadBoxes . 134

– 4 – IEC 62439-3:2021 © IEC 2021
A.5 Doubly attached clock specification . 135
A.5.1 State machine . 135
A.5.2 Supervision of the port . 138
A.5.3 BMCA for paired ports . 139
A.5.4 Selection of the port state . 140
A.6 PTP datasets for high availability . 140
A.6.1 General . 140
A.6.2 Data types . 140
A.6.3 Datasets for OC or BC . 141
A.6.4 Datasets for TCs. 149
Annex B (normative) PTP profile for Power Utility Automation (PUP) – Redundant

clock attachment . 150
B.1 Application domain. 150
B.2 PTP profile specification . 150
B.3 Specifications . 150
B.4 Redundant clock attachment . 150
Annex C (normative) PTP industry profiles for high-availability automation networks . 151
C.1 Application domain. 151
C.2 PTP profile specification . 151
C.3 Clock types . 152
C.4 Protocol specification common . 152
C.4.1 Base protocol . 152
C.4.2 Version control . 152
C.4.3 Time scale . 153
C.4.4 BMCA . 153
C.4.5 Time correction mechanism . 153
C.4.6 Management . 153
C.4.7 1 PPS support . 153
C.4.8 Leap second transition . 153
C.4.9 Use of port number . 153
C.4.10 Time distribution security . 154
C.5 Protocol specification for L3E2E industry profile . 154
C.5.1 Base protocol . 154
C.5.2 Multicast address. 154
C.5.3 Delay calculation mechanism . 154
C.5.4 Sync message padding . 154
C.6 Protocol specification for L2P2P industry profile . 155
C.6.1 Base protocol . 155
C.6.2 Delay measurement mechanism . 155
C.6.3 Consideration of media converters . 155
C.7 Common timing requirements for L2P2P and L3E2E . 155
C.7.1 Measurement conditions . 155
C.7.2 Network time inaccuracy . 155
C.7.3 Response to time step changes . 156
C.7.4 Requirements for GCs . 156
C.7.5 Requirements for TCs . 158
C.7.6 Requirements for BCs . 158
C.8 Requirements for media converters . 161
C.9 Requirements for links . 161

IEC 62439-3:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
C.10 Network engineering . 161
C.11 Default settings . 162
C.12 Handling of doubly attached clocks . 163
C.13 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) for PTP . 164
C.13.1 PICS conventions . 164
C.13.2 PICS for PTP . 164
C.14 Recommendations for time representation . 166
C.14.1 Usage of flags in TimePropertyDS . 166
C.14.2 UTC leap second transition . 167
C.14.3 ALTERNATE_TIME_OFFSET_INDICATOR_TLV . 168
Annex D (informative) Precision Time Protocol tutorial for the PTP Industrial profile . 172
D.1 Objective . 172
D.2 Precision and accuracy . 172
D.3 PTP clock types . 173
D.4 PTP main options . 175
D.5 Layer 2 and layer 3 communication . 176
D.6 1-step and 2-step correction . 176
D.6.1 Time correction in TCs . 176
D.6.2 2-step to 1-step translation . 177
D.7 End-to-End link delay measurement . 179
D.7.1 General method . 179
D.7.2 End-to-end link delay measurement with 1-step clock correction . 179
D.7.3 End-to-end link delay measurement with 2-step clock correction . 180
D.7.4 End-to-end link delay calculation by Delay_Req – Delay_Resp . 181
D.7.5 Consideration of media converters in end-to-end delay calculation . 181
D.8 Peer-to-peer link delay calculation . 182
D.8.1 Peer-to-peer link delay calculation with 1-step correction . 182
D.8.2 Peer-to-peer link delay calculation with 2-step correction . 183
D.8.3 Consideration of media converters in peer delay calculation . 184
Annex E (normative) Management Information base for singly and doubly attached
clocks . 186
Annex F (normative) Conformance testing for PRP and HSR and handling of
redundancy in PIP and PUP . 214
F.1 General . 214
F.2 PRP conformance test . 214
F.2.1 PRP test set-up . 214
F.2.2 PRP test components . 215
F.2.3 Test for documentation and labelling . 215
F.2.4 Test for (unicast) IP addresses . 216
F.2.5 Test for configuration . 216
F.2.6 Test of DANP. 217
F.2.7 Test of PRP Redboxes . 221
F.2.8 Test for Management . 223
F.2.9 Test of DANP or RedBox for processing of PTP frames . 225
F.3 HSR conformance test . 230
F.3.1 HSR test set-up . 230
F.3.2 HSR test components . 231
F.3.3 Test for HSR documentation and labelling . 231
F.3.4 Test of DANH or RedBox for IP addresses . 232

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F.3.5 Test of DANH for configuration . 232
F.3.6 Test of DANH . 233
F.3.7 Test of HSR RedBoxes . 237
F.3.8 Test of DANH or RedBox for receive/transmit counters . 239
F.3.9 Test of DANH or RedBox for processing of PTP frames in L2P2P . 240
Bibliography . 244

Figure 1 – PRP example of general duplicated network . 21
Figure 2 – PRP example of duplicated network in bus topology . 22
Figure 3 – PRP example of redundant ring with SANs and DANPs . 23
Figure 4 – PRP with two DANPs communicating . 24
Figure 5 – PRP RedBox, transition from single to double LAN. 26
Figure 6 – PRP frame closed by an RCT . 27
Figure 7 – PRP VLAN-tagged frame closed by an RCT . 28
Figure 8 – PRP padded frame closed by an RCT . 28
Figure 9 – Duplicate Discard algorithm boundaries . 30
Figure 10 – HSR example of ring traffic for multicast frames . 43
Figure 11 – HSR example of ring traffic for unicast frames . 44
Figure 12 – HSR example of coupling two redundant PRP LANs to a ring (unicast). 47
Figure 13 – HSR example of coupling from a ring node to PRP LANs (multicast) . 49
Figure 14 – HSR example of coupling from a ring to two PRP LANs (multicast) . 50
Figure 15 – HSR example of coupling three rings to one PRP LAN . 51
Figure 16 – HSR example of peer coupling of two rings . 52
Figure 17 – HSR example of connected rings . 53
Figure 18 – HSR example of meshed topology . 54
Figure 19 – HSR example of topology using two independent networks . 55
Figure 20 – HSR example of coupling an RSTP LAN to HSR by two bridges . 56
Figure 21 – HSR structure of a DANH . 57
Figure 22 – HSR structure of a RedBox . 58
Figure 23 – HSR frame without a VLAN tag . 70
Figure 24 – HSR frame with VLAN tag . 71
Figure 25 – HSR node with management counters . 76
Figure 26 – HSR RedBox with management counters . 77
Figure A.1 – Connection of a DAC master to a DAC slave over PRP . 95
Figure A.2 – Elements of PRP time distribution networks . 97
Figure A.3 – Doubly Attached Clock as BC (OC3A is best master) . 98
Figure A.4 – Doubly Attached Clocks OC1 and OC2 . 100
Figure A.5 – Doubly attached clocks when OC1 has the same identity on both LANs . 102
Figure A.6 – PRP RedBox as TWBCs . 104
Figure A.7 – RedBox DABC clock model . 105
Figure A.8 – PRP RedBoxes as DABC with E2E – message flow . 107
Figure A.9 – PRP RedBoxes as DABC with E2E – timing . 108
Figure A.10 – PRP RedBoxes as DABC with P2P on PRP – message flow . 109
Figure A.11 – PRP RedBoxes as DABC with P2P on PRP – timing . 110

IEC 62439-3:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
Figure A.12 – PRP-SAN RedBox as SLTC with E2E – message flow . 112
Figure A.13 – PRP RedBox as SLTC with E2E – timing . 114
Figure A.14 – PRP RedBox as SLTC with P2P – message flow . 115
Figure A.15 – PRP RedBox as SLTC with P2P – timing diagram . 116
Figure A.16 – PRP RedBox as DATC with E2E – message flow . 119
Figure A.17 – PRP RedBox as DATC with E2E – timing . 120
Figure A.18 – PRP RedBox as DATC with P2P – message flow . 121
Figure A.19 – PRP RedBox as DATC with P2P – timing . 122
Figure A.20 – HSR with two GCs (GC1 is grandmaster, GC2 is back-up) . 125
Figure A.21 – PTP messages sent and received by an HSR node (1-step) . 126
Figure A.22 – PTP messages sent and received by an HSR node (2-step) . 127
Figure A.23 – Attachment of a GC to an HSR ring through a RedBox as TC and BC . 129
Figure A.24 – PRP to HSR coupling by BCs . 131
Figure A.25 – PRP to HSR coupling by DATC and SLTC . 133
Figure A.26 – HSR coupling to two PRP and one HSR network . 134
Figure A.27 – Port states including transitions for redundant operation . 136
Figure A.28 – BMCA for redundant masters . 139
Figure C.1 – Response to a time step . 156
Figure C.2 – States of a BC . 159
Figure D.1 – Time error as a probability distribution function . 172
Figure D.2 – PTP principle with GC, TC and OC . 174
Figure D.3 – PTP elements . 175
Figure D.4 – Delays and time-stamping logic in TCs . 176
Figure D.5 – 1-step and 2-step correction of a Sync message (peer-to-peer) . 177
Figure D.6 – Translation from 2-step to 1-step correction in TCs . 178
Figure D.7 – Translation from 2-step to 1-step correction – message view . 179
Figure D.8 – End-to-end link delay measurement with 1-step correction . 180
Figure D.9 – End-to-end delay measurement with 2-step correction . 181
Figure D.10 – Peer-to-peer link delay measurement with 1-step correction . 182
Figure D.11 – Peer-to-peer link delay measurement with 2-step correction . 183
Figure D.12 – Peer delay measurement and Sync message delay with media converter . 185
Figure F.1 – Test set-up for PRP . 215
Figure F.2 – Test set-up for PRP and PTP with L2P2P . 225
Figure F.3 – Test set-up for HSR (without PTP) . 231
Figure F.4 – Test set-up for HSR with L2P2P . 240

Table 1 – Duplicate discard cases . 30
Table 2 – Monitoring data set . 34
Table 3 – NodesTable attributes . 35
Table 4 – PRP_Supervision frame with no VLAN tag . 39
Table 5 – PRP_Supervision frame with (optional) VLAN tag . 40
Table 6 – PRP_Supervision frame contents . 41
Table 7 – PRP_Supervision TLV for Redbox . 41

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Table 8 – PRP constants . 42
Table 9 – HSR_Supervision frame with no VLAN tag . 72
Table 10 – HSR_Supervision frame with optional VLAN tag . 73
Table 11 – HSR Constants . 75
Table 12 – PICS . 78
Table A.1 – States . 137
Table A.2 – Transitions . 138
Table A.3 – Variables . 138
Table C.1 – ClockClass. 157
Table C.2 – PTP attributes . 163
Table C.3 – PICS for clocks . 164
Table C.4 – Transitions with an inserted leap second (UTC binary and C37.118) . 168
Table C.5 – Transitions with a removed leap second (UTC binary and C37.118) . 168
Table C.6 – ATOI transition to Pacific Summer Time (spring) . 170
Table C.7 – ATOI transitions to Pacific Standard Time (autumn) . 170
Table C.8 – Transitions with an inserted leap second in Pacific Standard Time . 171
Table C.9 – Transitions with a removed leap second in Pacific Standard Time . 171
Table F.1 – Test for PRP documentation and labelling . 216
Table F.2 – Test for (unicast) IP addresses . 216
Table F.3 – Test for PRP configuration (Table 8) . 217
Table F.4 – Test for PRP supervision frames (Table 4 and Table 5) . 217
Table F.5 – Test for PRP tagging (4.1.10.2, 4.2.7.3) . 219
Table F.6 – Test of a DANP without a NodesTable. 220
Table F.7 – Test of a DANP with a NodesTable . 220
Table F.8 – Test for discard over different ports . 221
Table F.9 – Test for PRP supervision frames (Table 4 and Table 5) . 222
Table F.10 – Test of RedBox for ProxyNodeTable . 222
Table F.11 – Test o
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