SIST EN ISO 148-1:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 10045-1:1996
Kovinski materiali - Udarni preskus žilavosti po Charpyju - 1. del: Preskusna
metoda (ISO 148-1:2009)
Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1:2009)
Metallische Werkstoffe - Kerbschlagbiegeversuch nach Charpy -Teil 1: Prüfverfahren
(ISO 148-1:2009)
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de flexion par choc sur éprouvette Charpy - Partie 1:
Méthode d'essai (ISO 148-1:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 148-1:2010
ICS:
77.040.10 Mehansko preskušanje kovin Mechanical testing of metals
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 148-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2010
ICS 77.040.10 Supersedes EN 10045-1:1990
English Version
Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test
method (ISO 148-1:2009)
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de flexion par choc sur Metallische Werkstoffe - Kerbschlagbiegeversuch nach
éprouvette Charpy - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (ISO 148- Charpy -Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 148-1:2009)
1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2010.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 148-1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
The text of ISO 148-1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 “Mechanical testing of
metals” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 148-
1:2010 by Technical Committee ECISS/TC “Test methods for steel (other than chemical analysis)” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 10045-1:1990.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 148-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 148-1:2010 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 148-1
Second edition
2009-11-15
Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum
impact test —
Part 1:
Test method
Matériaux métalliques — Essai de flexion par choc sur éprouvette
Charpy —
Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
Reference number
ISO 148-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
ISO 148-1:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
3.1 Energy.1
3.2 Test piece .2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .2
5 Principle.2
6 Test pieces .3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Notch geometry .3
6.3 Tolerance of the test pieces .3
6.4 Preparation of the test pieces .3
6.5 Marking of the test pieces .3
7 Test equipment .4
7.1 General .4
7.2 Installation and verification.4
7.3 Striker .4
8 Test procedure.4
8.1 General .4
8.2 Test temperature .4
8.3 Specimen transfer .4
8.4 Exceeding machine capacity .5
8.5 Incomplete fracture .5
8.6 Test piece jamming .5
8.7 Post-fracture inspection .5
9 Test report.5
9.1 Mandatory information.5
9.2 Optional information .6
Annex A (informative) Self-centring tongs .9
Annex B (informative) Lateral expansion .11
Annex C (informative) Fracture appearance .14
Annex D (informative) Absorbed energy vs. temperature and transition temperature .17
Annex E (informative) Measurement uncertainty of an absorbed energy value, KV.19
Bibliography.26

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 148-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee
SC 4, Toughness testing — Fracture (F), Pendulum (P), Tear (T).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 148-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 148 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact
test:
⎯ Part 1: Test method
⎯ Part 2: Verification of testing machines
⎯ Part 3: Preparation and characterization of Charpy V-notch test pieces for indirect verification of
pendulum impact machines
Annexes B and C are based on ASTM E23 (Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of
Metallic Materials), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA.

iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 148-1:2009(E)

Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test —
Part 1:
Test method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 148 specifies the Charpy pendulum impact (V-notch and U-notch) test method for determining
the energy absorbed in an impact test of metallic materials.
This part of ISO 148 does not apply to instrumented impact testing, which is specified in ISO 14556.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-2:2008, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 2: Verification of testing machines
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances of linear sizes —
Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Energy
3.1.1
initial potential energy
potential energy
K
p
difference between the potential energy of the pendulum hammer prior to its release for the impact test, and
the potential energy of the pendulum hammer at the position of impact, as determined by direct verification
[ISO 148-2:2008, definition 3.2.2]
3.1.2
absorbed energy
K
energy required to break a test piece with a pendulum impact testing machine, after correction for friction
NOTE The letter V or U is used to indicate the notch geometry, that is: KV or KU. The number 2 or 8 is used as a
subscript to indicate striker radius, for example KV .
ISO 148-1:2009(E)
3.2 Test piece
With the test piece placed in the test position on the supports of the machine, the following nomenclature shall
apply (see Figure 1).
3.2.1
height
h
distance between the notched face and the opposite face
3.2.2
width
w
dimension perpendicular to the height that is parallel to the notch
3.2.3
length
l
the largest dimension at right angles to the notch
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
The symbols and designations applicable to this part of ISO 148 are indicated in Tables 1 and 2, and are
illustrated in Figure 2.
Table 1 — Symbols and their unit and designation
Symbol Unit Designation
K J Initial potential energy (potential energy)
p
FA % Shear-fracture appearance
h mm Height of test piece
KU J Absorbed energy for a U-notch test piece using a 2 mm striker
KU J Absorbed energy for a U-notch test piece using an 8 mm striker
KV J Absorbed energy for a V-notch test piece using a 2 mm striker
KV J Absorbed energy for a V-notch test piece using a 8 mm striker
LE mm Lateral expansion
l mm Length of test piece
T °C Transition temperature
t
w mm Width of test piece
5 Principle
This test consists of breaking a notched test piece with a single blow from a swinging pendulum, under the
conditions defined in Clauses 6, 7 and 8. The notch in the test piece has specified geometry and is located in
the middle between two supports, opposite to the location which is struck in the test. The energy absorbed in
the impact test is determined.
Because the impact values of many metallic materials vary with temperature, tests shall be carried out at a
specified temperature. When this temperature is other than ambient, the test piece shall be heated or cooled
to that temperature, under controlled conditions.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
6 Test pieces
6.1 General
The standard test piece shall be 55 mm long and of square section, with 10 mm sides. In the centre of the
length, there shall be either a V-notch or a U-notch, as described in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2, respectively.
If the standard test piece cannot be obtained from the material, one of the subsidiary test pieces, having a
width of 7,5 mm, 5 mm or 2,5 mm (see Figure 2 and Table 2), shall be used.
NOTE For low energies, the use of shims is important, as excess energy is absorbed by the pendulum. For high
energies, this might not be important. Shims can be placed on or under the test piece supports, with the result that the
mid-height of the specimen is 5 mm above the 10 mm specimen-support surface.
The test pieces shall have a surface roughness of better than Ra 5 µm except for the ends.
When a heat-treated material is being evaluated, the test piece shall be finish-machined, including notching,
after the final heat treatment, unless it can be demonstrated that there is no difference when machined prior to
heat treatment.
6.2 Notch geometry
The notch shall be carefully prepared so that the root radius of the notch is free of machining marks which
could affect the absorbed energy.
The plane of symmetry of the notch shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the test piece (see
Figure 2).
6.2.1 V-notch
The V-notch shall have an included angle of 45°, a depth of 2 mm, and a root radius of 0,25 mm [see
Figure 2 a) and Table 2].
6.2.2 U-notch
The U-notch shall have a depth of 5 mm (unless otherwise specified) and a root radius of 1 mm [see
Figure 2 b) and Table 2].
6.3 Tolerance of the test pieces
The tolerances on the specified test piece and notch dimensions are shown in Figure 2 and Table 2.
6.4 Preparation of the test pieces
Preparation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the test piece, for example due to heating
or cold working, is minimized.
6.5 Marking of the test pieces
The test piece may be marked on any face not in contact with supports, anvils or striker and at a position
which avoids the effects of plastic deformation and surface discontinuities on the absorbed energy measured
in the test (see 8.7).
ISO 148-1:2009(E)
7 Test equipment
7.1 General
The equipment used for all measurements shall be traceable to national or International Standards. They shall
be calibrated within suitable intervals.
7.2 Installation and verification
The testing machine shall be installed and verified in accordance with ISO 148-2.
7.3 Striker
The striker geometry shall be specified as being either the 2 mm striker or the 8 mm striker. It is
recommended that the striker radius be shown as a subscript as follows: KV or KV .
2 8
Reference shall be made to the product specification for striker geometry guidance.
NOTE Some materials can yield significantly varying results (per cent difference) at low energy levels and the 2 mm
results can be higher than the 8 mm results.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
The test piece shall lie squarely against the anvils of the testing machine, with the plane of symmetry of the
notch within 0,5 mm of the midplane between the anvils. It shall be struck by the striker in the plane of
symmetry of the notch and on the side opposite the notch (see Figure 1).
8.2 Test temperature
8.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be carried out at (23 ± 5) °C. If a temperature is specified, the
test piece shall be conditioned to that temperature to within ± 2 °C.
8.2.2 For conditioning, either heating or cooling, using a liquid medium, the test piece shall be positioned in
a container on a grid that is at least 25 mm above the bottom of the container and covered by at least 25 mm
of liquid and be at least 10 mm from the sides of the container. The medium shall be constantly agitated and
brought to the specified temperature by any convenient method. The device used to measure the temperature
of the medium should be placed in the centre of the group of test pieces. The temperature of the medium shall
be held at the specified temperature to within ± 1 °C for at least 5 min.
NOTE When a liquid medium is near its boiling point, evaporative cooling can dramatically lower the temperature of
[5]
the test piece during the interval between removal from the liquid and fracture (see ASTM STP 1072 ).
8.2.3 For conditioning, either heating or cooling, using a gaseous medium, the test piece shall be positioned
in a chamber at least 50 mm from the nearest surface. Individual test pieces shall be separated by at least
10 mm. The medium shall be constantly circulated and brought to the specified temperature by any
convenient method. The device used to measure the temperature of the medium should be placed in the
centre of the group of test pieces. The temperature of the gaseous medium shall be held at the specified
temperature within ± 1 °C for at least 30 min.
8.3 Specimen transfer
When testing is performed at other than ambient temperature, not more than 5 s shall pass between the time
the test piece is removed from the heating or cooling medium and the time it is struck by the striker.
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
The transfer device shall be designed and used in such a way that the temperature of the test piece is
maintained within the permitted temperature range.
The parts of the device in contact with the specimen during transfer from the medium to the machine shall be
conditioned with the specimens.
Care should be taken to ensure that the device used to centre the test piece on the anvils does not cause the
fractured ends of low-energy, high-strength test pieces to rebound off this device into the pendulum and cause
erroneously-high indicated energy. It has been shown that clearance between the end of a test piece in the
test position and the centring device, or a fixed portion of the machine, shall be greater than approximately
13 mm or else, as part of the fracture process, the ends can rebound into the pendulum.
NOTE Self-centring tongs, similar to those for V-notched test pieces in Annex A, are often used to transfer the test
piece from the temperature-conditioning medium to the proper test position. Tongs of this nature eliminate potential
clearance problems due to interference between the fractured specimen halves and a fixed centring device.
8.4 Exceeding machine capacity
The absorbed energy, K, should not exceed 80 % of the initial potential energy, K . If the absorbed energy
p
exceeds this value, the absorbed energy shall be reported as approximate and it shall be noted in the test
report that it exceeded 80 % of the machine capacity.
NOTE Ideally, an impact test would be conducted at a constant impact velocity. In a pendulum-type test, the velocity
decreases as the fracture progresses. For specimens with impact energies approaching the capacity of the pendulum, the
velocity of the pendulum decreases during fracture to the point that accurate impact energies are no longer obtained.
8.5 Incomplete fracture
If a test piece is not completely broken in a test, the impact energy may be reported or averaged with the
results of the completely broken test pieces.
8.6 Test piece jamming
If any test piece jams in the machine, the results shall be disregarded and the machine thoroughly checked for
damage that would affect its calibration.
NOTE Jamming occurs when a broken test piece is caught between moving and non-moving parts of the testing
machine. It can result in significant energy absorption. Jamming can be differentiated from secondary strike marks,
because a jam is associated with a pair of opposing marks on the specimen.
8.7 Post-fracture inspection
If post-fracture inspection shows that any portion of the marking is in a portion of the test piece which is visibly
deformed, the test result might not be representative of the material and this shall be noted in the test report.
9 Test report
9.1 Mandatory information
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 148, i.e. ISO 148-1:2009;
b) identification of the test piece (e.g. type of steel and cast number);
c) the type of notch;
ISO 148-1:2009(E)
d) the size of the test piece, if other than full size;
e) the conditioning temperature of the test piece;
f) the absorbed energy, KV , KV , KU or KU , as appropriate;
2 8 2 8
g) any abnormalities that can affect the test.
9.2 Optional information
The test report may optionally include, in addition to the information in 9.1:
a) the test-piece orientation (see ISO 3785);
b) the nominal energy of the testing machine, in joules;
c) the lateral expansion (see Annex B);
d) the fracture appearance, per cent shear (see Annex C);
e) the absorbed energy/temperature curve (see D.1);
f) the transition temperature and the criteria used (see D.2);
g) the number of test pieces which were not completely broken in the test;
h) the measurement uncertainty (see Annex E).
6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
Key
1 anvil
2 standard-sized test piece
3 test piece supports
4 shroud
h height of test piece
l length of test piece
w width of test piece
a
Centre of strike.
b
Direction of pendulum swing.
Figure 1 — Test piece terminology showing configuration of test piece supports and anvils
of a pendulum impact-testing machine

ISO 148-1:2009(E)
a)  V-notch geometry b)  U-notch geometry
NOTE The symbols l, h, w and the numbers 1 to 5 refer to Table 2.
Figure 2 — Charpy pendu
...