SIST EN 302 448 V1.1.1:2008

Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Harmonized EN for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs)
operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands
covering essential requirements
under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive

2 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)

Reference
DEN/SES-00279
Keywords
antenna, earth station, GSO, regulation, satellite,
train
ETSI
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3 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .6
1 Scope.7
2 References.8
2.1 Normative references.8
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Symbols.11
3.3 Abbreviations.11
4 Technical requirements specifications .12
4.1 General.12
4.1.1 Environmental profile.12
4.1.2 Operational configurations.12
4.1.3 EST states and radio states.12
4.2 Conformance requirements.13
4.2.1 Off-axis spurious radiation .13
4.2.1.1 Justification.13
4.2.1.2 Specification.13
4.2.1.3 Conformance tests.15
4.2.2 On-axis spurious radiation for EST .15
4.2.2.1 Justification.15
4.2.2.2 Specification.15
4.2.2.2.1 "Carrier-on" radio state.15
4.2.2.2.2 "Carrier-off" and "Emissions disabled" radio states.16
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests.16
4.2.3 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band.16
4.2.3.1 Justification.16
4.2.3.2 Specification.16
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests.17
4.2.4 Carrier suppression.17
4.2.4.1 Justification.17
4.2.4.2 Specification.18
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests.18
4.2.5 Antenna pointing and polarization alignment for ESTs.18
4.2.5.1 Justification.18
4.2.5.2 Specification.18
4.2.5.3 Conformance tests.19
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions of the EST.19
4.2.6.1 Justification.19
4.2.6.2 Specification.19
4.2.6.2.1 Specification 1: Mode of cessation of emissions.19
4.2.6.2.2 Specification 2: Conditions under which the EST must cease emissions.20
4.2.6.2.3 Specification 3: Cessation of emissions .20
4.2.6.2.4 Specification 4: Fault conditions .21
4.2.6.3 Conformance tests.21
4.2.7 Identification of EST .21
4.2.7.1 Justification.21
4.2.7.2 Specification.21
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests.21
4.2.8 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) .21
4.2.8.1 CMF state diagram.21
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4 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
4.2.8.2 Processor monitoring.22
4.2.8.2.1 Justification.22
4.2.8.2.2 Specification.22
4.2.8.2.3 Conformance tests.23
4.2.8.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring.23
4.2.8.3.1 Justification.23
4.2.8.3.2 Specification.23
4.2.8.3.3 Conformance tests.23
4.2.8.4 Power-on/Reset.23
4.2.8.4.1 Justification.23
4.2.8.4.2 Specification.23
4.2.8.4.3 Conformance tests.23
4.2.8.5 Control Channel (CC) and Response Channel (RC) .23
4.2.8.5.1 Justification.23
4.2.8.5.2 Specification.24
4.2.8.5.3 Conformance tests.24
4.2.8.6 Network control commands .24
4.2.8.6.1 Justification.24
4.2.8.6.2 Specification.25
4.2.8.6.3 Conformance test.25
4.2.8.7 Initial burst transmission .25
4.2.8.7.1 Justification.25
4.2.8.7.2 Specification.25
4.2.8.7.3 Conformance tests.26
4.2.8.8 Inhibition of transmissions.26
4.2.8.8.1 Justification.26
4.2.8.8.2 Specification.26
4.2.8.8.3 Conformance tests.26
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.26
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing .26
5.2 Essential radio test suites.26
6 Test methods for all aspects of the EST .26
6.1 General.26
6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation.27
6.2.1 Test method.27
6.3 On-axis spurious radiation.27
6.3.1 Test method.28
6.4 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band .28
6.4.1 Test method.28
6.4.1.1 General.28
6.4.1.2 Transmit output power density.28
6.4.1.3 Antenna transmit gain.29
6.4.1.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns .29
6.4.2 Computation of results.29
6.5 Carrier suppression.29
6.5.1 Test method.29
6.6 Antenna pointing for EST .29
6.6.1 General.29
6.6.2 Test method.30
6.7 Antenna mechanical stability .30
6.7.1 Test method.30
6.8 Polarization angle alignment capability .30
6.8.1 Test method.30
6.9 Cessation of emissions of the EST .30
6.9.1 Test Method.31
6.9.1.1 Required documentation.31
6.9.1.2 Cessation of emissions from the "Transmission enabled" state .31
6.9.1.3 Cessation of emission from the "Transmission disabled" state.31
6.9.1.4 Cessation of emission from the "Initial Phase" state.31
6.9.1.4.1 EUTs transmitting initial bursts.31
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5 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
6.9.1.4.2 EUTs not transmitting initial bursts.32
6.9.1.5 "Single action" means of cessation of emissions.32
6.9.1.6 Fault conditions.33
6.10 Identification of EST .33
6.10.1 Test arrangement.33
6.10.2 Test method .33
6.11 Control and monitoring functions .33
6.11.1 Test arrangement.33
6.11.2 Processor monitoring- Test method .34
6.11.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring-Test method.34
6.11.4 Power-on/Reset-Test method.34
6.11.5 Control Channel and Response Channel -Test method.35
6.11.6 Network Control commands-Test method.35
6.11.7 Initial burst transmission-Test method.37
6.11.8 Inhibition of transmission-Test method .37
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table
(HS-RTT).38
Annex B (informative): Mechanical stability methodology.40
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .42
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.44
History .45

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6 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Directive 98/34/EC [4] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive") [1].
Technical specifications relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [1] are given in annex A.

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 7 December 2007
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 September 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2009

Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive. The modular
structure is shown in EG 201 399.
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7 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
1 Scope
The present document applies to Earth Stations located on board Trains, which have the following characteristics.
External Mounted Equipment, EME Internal Mounted Equipment, IME
Enclosure / Rad ome
LNB
Antenna Radio Modem
On -Train
HPA
Services
Stabilization & Tracking
Antenna Internal
Int erface
Mech anism
Control CMF
Figure 1: EST System Overview
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary.
• The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and
interruptions in the satellite link.
• The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution
and/or exchange of information.
• The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface
with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface).
• The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is a portion of a
band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (Earth-to-space).
• The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz in bands
allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (space-to-Earth) or the Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS)
(space-to-Earth), depending on the ITU Region where the EST is located.
• The EST uses linear or circular polarization.
• The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary
satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and
over the same coverage area.
• The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon.
• The EST is designed for unattended operation.
• The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of
the present document.
The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and
when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as declared by the applicant and
when installed as required by the applicant's declaration or in the user documentation.
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8 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [1] (R&TTE Directive) Article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
NOTE 1: Operational requirements are defined by national administrations and by relevant ECC Decisions.
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] (R&TTE Directive) may apply to equipment within the
scope of the present document.
NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org/.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] Void.
[3] CISPR 16-1-5 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods; Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration test
sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz".
2.2 Informative references
[4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
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9 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
[5] CEPT Recommendation T/R 25-09: "Designation of frequencies in the 900 MHz band for railway
purposes".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 1999/5/EC [1] and the following
apply:
ancillary equipment: equipment used in connection with an EST is considered as ancillary if the three following
conditions are met:
• the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the EST to provide additional operational and/or control
features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
• the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of the EST; and
• the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the EST.
applicant: manufacturer or his authorized representative within the European Community or the person responsible for
placing the apparatus on the market
carrier-off radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and does not transmit any carrier
NOTE 1: The phrase "the EST may transmit" means that all the conditions for transmission are satisfied (e.g. in a
state where transmissions are permitted, no failure detected, and the EST is correctly pointed towards the
satellite).
NOTE 2: The existence of a "Carrier-off" radio state depends on the system of transmission used. For ESTs
designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no "Carrier-off" state.
carrier-on radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and transmits a carrier
Control Channel (CC): channel or channels by which ESTs receive control information from the NCF
EIRP : maximum e.i.r.p. capability of the EST as declared by the applicant
max
emissions disabled radio state: radio state in which the EST must not emit
NOTE: Examples of cases where the EST is in this radio state: before system monitoring pass, before the control
channel is received, when a failure is detected, when an EST is commanded to disable, and when the EST
is in a location requiring cessation of emissions.
external control channel: control channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
Externally Mounted Equipment (EME): that part of the EST intended to be installed on the outside of the train
(usually the roof), as declared by the applicant, or as indicated in the user documentation
NOTE 1: The EME unit is usually comprised of the following main parts:
a) The antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and vice versa.
b) The Low Noise Block (LNB) down converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal noise,
the received signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate frequencies.
c) The up-converter and the power amplifier which convert from the intermediate frequency to RF and amplify
the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna subsystem.
d) The stabilization and tracking mechanics that ensure pointing of the antenna main beam towards the satellite
within the required accuracy.
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10 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
NOTE 2: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is outside the scope of the present document. However,
the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the antenna and forming an integral part
of it, are subject to the specifications of the present document.
NOTE 3: Certain configurations may include more than one EME per EST. As for example, the EST may have
separate transmit and receive antennas or it may have redundant transmit/receive antenna units.
external response channel: response channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
integral antenna: antenna which may not be removed during the tests according to the applicant's statement
internal control channel: control channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for
transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system
Internally Mounted Equipment (IME): part of the EST equipment which is installed inside the train and its
connection cables with the EME
NOTE: The IME is usually comprised of:
a) the modem and the IF radio equipment;
b) the control logic, including that for the internal control and monitoring subsystem and the antenna tracking
subsystem; and
c) the interfaces to equipment and services onboard the train.
internal response channel: response channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for
transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system
maximum relative wind speed: the addition of the magnitudes of the maximum wind speed and the maximum train
velocity
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of all ESTs in a network
nominated bandwidth: bandwidth of the EST radio frequency transmission nominated by the applicant. The
nominated bandwidth is centred on the transmit frequency and does not exceed 5 times the occupied bandwidth
NOTE: The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the transmission which
have a level greater than the specified spurious radiation limits. The nominated bandwidth is wide enough
to take account of the transmit carrier frequency stability. This definition is chosen to allow flexibility
regarding adjacent channel interference levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures
depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation.
occupied Bandwidth (Bo):
• for a digital modulation scheme: the width of the signal spectrum 10 dB below the maximum in-band density;
• for an analogue modulation scheme: the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the
upper frequency limits, the mean power emitted is equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of the emission.
off-axis angle: angle between the direction of the axis of the antenna main beam and the considered direction
removable antenna: antenna which may be removed during the tests according to the applicant's statement
Response Channel (RC): channel by which EST transmit monitoring information to the NCF
spurious radiation: any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth
transmission disabled state: EST is in this state when it is not authorized by the NCF to transmit
transmission enabled state: EST is in this state when it is authorized by the NCF to transmit
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11 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBc ratio expressed in decibels relative to the e.i.r.p. of the unmodulated carrier
dBi ratio of an antenna gain to the gain of an isotropic antenna, expressed in decibels
dBW ratio of a power to 1 watt, expressed in decibels
dBpW ratio of a power to 1 picowatt, expressed in decibels
dBµV/m ratio of an electric field to 1 µV/m, expressed in decibels (20 log(electric field /1 µV/m))
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CC Control Channel
CCF Control Channel reception Failure
CCR Control Channel correctly Received
CENR Cessation of Emissions Not Requested
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et Télécommunications (European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunications Administrations)
CER Cessation of Emissions Requested
CISPR Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques (International Special Committee
on Radio Interference)
CMF Control and Monitoring Functions
ECC Electronic Communications Committee (of CEPT)
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EME Externally Mounted Equipment
EN European Standard
EST Earth Station on board a Train
EUT Equipment Under Test
FEC Forward Error Correction
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit
HPA High Power Amplifier
IME Internally Mounted Equipment
IPR Intellectual Property Rights
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LNB Low Noise Block down converter
LO Local Oscillator
LV Low Voltage
NCF Network Control Facility
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RC Response Channel
RF Radio Frequency
SMF System Monitoring Fail
SMP System Monitoring Pass
STE Special Test Equipment
TxD Transmission Disable command
TxE Transmission Enable command
WRC ITU World Radio Conference
XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination
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12 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General
4.1.1 Environmental profile
The applicant shall declare the environmental profile of the EST equipment and it shall include conditions for both
survivability and operation. The declared environmental profile shall include, but not be limited to, a statement of
conditions regarding: train velocity, tangential and longitudinal acceleration, temperature range, damp heat, dry heat,
relative humidity stress, shock and vibration, antenna pressure pulses and pressure gradients.
NOTE: For guidance on the range of values for parameters in the environmental profile, applicants should consult
the following standards: EN 50155; EN 60068; EN 61373. For certain environmental parameters not
covered in these standards, it may be useful to consult EN 60945 (see Bibliography).
The equipment shall comply with the performance requirements of the present document under all operational
environmental conditions.
4.1.2 Operational configurations
Under operational conditions an EST may dynamically change the occupied bandwidth and other transmission
parameters (e.g. FEC, modulation, symbol rate) of the transmitted signal. For each occupied bandwidth an EIRP and

max
a nominated bandwidth shall be declared by the applicant. For the purposes of verifying that the EST complies with
these specifications, the applicant may declare the worst case combination of transmission parameters. The following
specifications apply to the EST for each occupied bandwidth and other transmission parameters.
4.1.3 EST states and radio states
For the purpose of the present document the following four EST states are defined, without presuming the effective
implementation of the EST state machine:
• "Non valid";
• "Initial phase";
• "Transmission disabled"; and
• "Transmission enabled".
The four EST states are represented on figure 2 and are used in clause 4.2.8 for the specification of the Control and
Monitoring Functions (CMFs).
In the "Non-valid" state and in the "Transmission disabled" state the EST is not allowed to transmit. In the
"Transmission-enabled" state the EST is allowed to transmit. In the "Initial phase" state the EST is only allowed to
transmit initial bursts or is waiting for a transmit enable/disable command.
The "Initial phase" is divided into three substates:
• "Initial phase-Standby" prior to the transmission of the first initial burst or when no initial bursts are
transmitted;
• "Initial phase-BurstOn" during the transmission of the initial bursts;
• "Initial phase-BurstOff" between initial bursts.
NOTE: ESTs which do not transmit initial bursts have no "Initial phase-BurstOn" state and no "Initial
phase-BurstOff" state.
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13 ETSI EN 302 448 V1.1.1 (2007-12)
The EST "may transmit" when all the conditions for transmission are satisfied (e.g. in a state where transmissions are
permitted, no failure detected, correctly pointed towards the satellite and there is no requirement for cessation of
emissions).
The following radio states of the EST are defined:
• "Emissions disabled" when the EST must not transmit any carrier;
• "Carrier-off" when the EST may transmit and does not transmit any carrier;
• "Carrier-on" when the EST may transmit and transmits a carrier.
Table 1a gives the only possible combinations of the EST states and radio states which shall apply, with some examples
of associated events.
When the EST transmits several carriers having different frequencies, an EST state machine as described above may be
associated with each carrier or each set of carriers.
Table 1a: EST states and radio states of the EST
EST states and substates Radio states Examples of events
"Non valid" After-power on, or
"Emissions After any failure, or
disabled" During the checking phase
"Initial phase": When waiting for a transmission enable or disable
command from the NCF
"Initial phase-Standby" "Emissions Before the first initial burst transmissions; or
disabled" In locations where no transmission is allowed
"Initial phase-BurstOn" "Carrier-on" During the transmission of each initial burst, and
the pointing is correct
"Initial phase-BurstOff" "Carrier-off" Between initial bursts
...