kSIST FprEN 17035:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17035:2018
01-oktober-2018
Površinsko aktivne snovi - Površinsko aktivne snovi na biološki osnovi - Zahteve
in preskusne metode
Surface Active Agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods

Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Agents de surface - Tensioactifs biosourcés - Exigences Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bio-basierte Tenside -

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17035:2018 E

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Generalities on surfactants.......................................................................................................................... 8

5 Performance of surfactants ......................................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Generalities related to performance ........................................................................................................ 8

5.2 Technical performance properties ........................................................................................................... 9

5.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.2 Chemical composition ................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.3 Solubility ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.4 Surface and interfacial tension .................................................................................................................. 9

5.2.5 Foaming power ................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.6 Wetting performance .................................................................................................................................. 10

5.2.7 Emulsion power ............................................................................................................................................ 10

6 Health, safety and environmental requirements ............................................................................. 10

7 Bio-based content ........................................................................................................................................ 10

7.1 Generalities .................................................................................................................................................... 10

7.2 Surfactant classification ............................................................................................................................ 11

7.3 Analytical approach .................................................................................................................................... 12

8 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................................. 12

9 End of life ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

10 Declaration and product labelling ......................................................................................................... 13

Annex A (informative) Sub-sampling procedure ........................................................................................... 14

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 15

This document (prEN 17035:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 “Surface

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

This document has been prepared under Mandate M/491 [12] of the European Commission, addressed

to CEN for the development of European Standards for solvents and surfactants in relation to bio-based

product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 276/WG 3 “Bio-surfactants”, the secretariat of which

Bio-based raw materials have been used for millennia in the manufacture of surfactants, e.g. the first

surfactant used by mankind, was already completely bio-based – soap. With the advent of modern

surfactants in the early 20 Century, petrochemical-based raw materials also became of interest. They

offered the opportunity to tune the surfactant properties, in a broader sense, to their various

The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based raw materials for surfactants. Some of the

reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products’ potential benefits in relation to the

Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission

issued Mandate M/492 , resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on

The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects:

It is important to understand what the term “bio-based product” covers and how it is being used. The

term “bio-based” means “derived wholly or partly from biomass”. It is essential to characterize the

amount of biomass contained in the product by, for instance, its (total) bio-based content or bio-based

The bio-based content of a product itself does not provide information on its environmental impact or

sustainability, which may be assessed through Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), LCA and sustainability

criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is

Breaking down the horizontal standards to bio-based products like bio-based surfactants, the European

Commission issued Mandate M/491 [12], resulting in standards developed by CEN/TC 276. This

European Standard has been developed with the aim to fulfil part of the Mandate to describe the

technical requirements of bio-based surfactants. The criteria for “bio-based surfactants” published in

this European Standard are complementary to the horizontal standards by CEN/TC 411.

1) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. The M/492 Mandate is addressed to

the European Standardization bodies, i.e. CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European

Standards for bio-based products. The M/491 Mandate is addressed to the development of European Standards

Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,

suspend materials or emulsify oils and fats. In Europe, thousands of producers, manufacturers and

nearly every inhabitant use surfactants every day in consumer or industrial applications. The

surfactant-producing industry is composed of mainly multinationals. Downstream users are found in

Surfactants may be produced from both fossil and renewable carbon feedstock (ref. EN 16575 -

vocabulary). The amount of crude oil used for surfactant production is, however, low with less than 1 %

Finally, the approach for these Technical Reports/Specifications/Standards intends to strengthen and

harmonize the reputation of “bio-based surfactants” and the confidence of the customer in this product

An overview and considerations for the compilation of this European Standard can be found in the WI

276071 [1]. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surface

active agents, their source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same. It

should also include the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability,

This European Standard sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits,

application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-

— comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general

— comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.

The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals

NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not

imply “biodegradable”. In addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1772, Surface active agents — Determination of wetting power by immersion (ISO 8022:1990

EN 1890, Surface active agents — Determination of cloud point of non-ionic surface active agents

EN 12728, Surface active agents — Determination of foaming power — Perforated disc beating method

EN 13996, Surface active agents — Foaming power and antifoaming power — Turbine stirring method

EN 14210, Surface active agents — Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active

EN 14371, Surface active agents — Determination of foamability and degree of foamability — Circulation

EN 16640, Bio-based products — Bio-based carbon content — Determination of the bio-based carbon

EN 16785-1, Bio-based products — Bio-based content — Part 1: Determination of the bio-based content

EN 16785-2, Bio-based products — Bio-based content — Part 2: Determination of the bio-based content

EN ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework (ISO

EN ISO 14044, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines (ISO

DIN 53902, Testing of surface active agents; determination of foaming power, modified Ross-Miles-method

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

organic substance possessing surface activity which, dissolved in a liquid, particularly water, lowers the

surface or interfacial tension, by preferred adsorption at the liquid/vapour surface, or other interfaces

[SOURCE: EN ISO 862:1995, Definition 1, modified — The term originally defined was “surface active

agent” and “a chemical compound” is replaced here with “organic substance” at the beginning of the

surfactant wholly based on biomass (based on biogenic carbon) produced either by chemical or

transformation of a compound into smaller component parts due to the physico-chemical processes,

transformation of a compound into smaller component parts by means of biological processes

breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water

and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) or in absence of oxygen to carbon

dioxide, methane and mineral salts, and in both cases the production of new biomass

Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces,

suspend materials, or emulsify oils and fats. They make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate

materials. Surfactants are widely used in consumer and professional products and for industrial

applications. Surfactants are typically used on their own or in combination with other surfactants and

NOTE For many applications to perform effectively, surfactants are essential (see for examples the website of

the TEGEWA e.V. (TExtilhilfsmittel” (textile auxiliaries), “GErbstoffe” (tanning agents) and “WAschrohstoffe”

Performance and properties of any molecule, including surfactants, is determined by its chemical

This section gives a common set of technical properties characterizing the performance of surfactants

including bio-based surfactants. Due to the absence of international surfactant specification standards,

it is necessary to provide to potential users the means to qualify the bio-based surfactant products,

especially for its technical performance. Additionally, there are a number of other factors which will

determine the acceptance of a surfactant such as the Health, Safety and Environmental properties which

Surfactants are used in such a wide variety of applications that it is not convenient to evaluate

separately their performance with respect to each application. Therefore, a practical approach is to

5) See www.tegewa.de for a more detailed brochure about typical use of surfactants.