SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022
(Main)District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard.
The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts:
a) prEN 13941-1: Design;
b) prEN 13941-2: Installation.
The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2.
The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure.
Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard.
This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes.
NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1].
This standard is not applicable for such units as:
a) pumps;
b) heat exchangers;
c) boilers, tanks;
d) systems behind domestic substations.
Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Installation von gedämmten Einzel- und Doppelrohr-Verbundsystemen für direkt erdverlegte Heißwasser-Fernwärmenetze - Teil 1: Auslegung
Dieses Dokument legt Auslegungs-, Berechnungs- und Installationsanforderungen für werkmäßig gefertigte wärmegedämmte Einzel- und Doppelrohrverbundsysteme für erdverlegte Warmwassernetze fest, die für den Dauerbetrieb mit aufbereitetem Wasser bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen bis 120 °C und gelegentlichen Spitzentemperaturen bis 140 °C für höchstens 300 h/a sowie bei maximalem Innendruck von 2,5 MPa vorgesehen sind.
Flexible Rohrsysteme nach der Normenreihe EN 15632 liegen nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm.
Die Norm EN 13941, Fernwärmerohre — Auslegung und Installation von gedämmten Einzel- und Doppelrohr-Verbundsystemen für direkt erdverlegte Fernwärmenetze besteht aus zwei Teilen:
a) EN 13941 1: Auslegung
b) EN 13941 2: Installation
Die Anforderungen in diesem Teil, EN 13941 1, bilden eine Einheit mit jenen aus EN 13941 2.
Die Grundsätze der Norm können auf wärmegedämmte Rohrleitungssysteme mit Drücken über 2,5 MPa angewendet werden, vorausgesetzt, die Auswirkungen der Drücke werden besonders beachtet.
Angrenzende Rohre, die zum Netz gehören, aber nicht erdverlegt sind (z. B. Rohre in unterirdischen Einbauten, Armaturenschächten, oberirdische Straßenüberquerungen usw.), können entsprechend dieser Norm ausgelegt und installiert werden.
Dieses Dokument setzt die Verwendung von aufbereitetem Wasser voraus, das durch Enthärtung, Entsalzung, Entlüftung, Zusatz von Chemikalien oder auf andere Art und Weise so behandelt worden ist, dass innere Korrosion und Ablagerungen in den Leitungen effektiv vermieden werden.
ANMERKUNG Für weitere Informationen zur Qualität des Wassers, welches bei Fernwärmesystemen eingesetzt wird, siehe auch Literaturhinweis [2].
Diese Norm gilt nicht für Geräte bzw. Anlagen wie z. B.:
a) Pumpen;
b) Wärmeübertrager;
c) Kessel, Speicher;
d) Systeme hinter Hausregelstationen.
Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation des systèmes bloqués de monotubes ou bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés directement - Partie 1 : Conception
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à la conception, au calcul et à l'installation de systèmes manufacturés bloqués de monotubes ou bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés directement, pour un service continu avec de l'eau chaude traitée à différentes températures jusqu’à 120 °C, et occasionnellement avec des pics de température jusqu’à 140 °C pendant 300 h/a au maximum, et une pression interne maximale de 2,5 MPa.
Les systèmes de tuyaux flexibles conformes à la série de normes EN 15632 ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application de la présente norme.
La norme EN 13941, Conception et installation des systèmes bloqués de monotubes et bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés directement comprend deux parties :
a) EN 13941-1 : Conception ;
b) EN 13941-2 : Installation.
Les exigences et stipulations de la présente partie, EN 13941-1, sont indissociables de celles de l'EN 13941-2.
Les principes de la présente norme peuvent être appliqués à des systèmes de tuyaux isolés thermiquement avec des pressions supérieures à 2,5 MPa, pourvu qu’il soit porté une attention spéciale aux effets de la pression.
Les tuyaux adjacents non enterrés, mais appartenant au réseau (par exemple, tubes en caniveaux, chambres de vanne, traversée de route en aérien, etc.) peuvent être conçus et installés conformément à la présente norme.
Le présent document présuppose l'utilisation d'eau traitée, par adoucissement, déminéralisation, désaération, ajout de substances chimiques, ou par tout autre moyen permettant d'éviter efficacement la corrosion interne et les dépôts dans les tuyaux.
NOTE Pour de plus amples informations sur les qualités d'eau à utiliser dans les systèmes de tuyaux pour le chauffage urbain, voir également la référence bibliographique [2].
La présente norme n'est pas applicable aux éléments tels que :
a) pompes ;
b) échangeurs de chaleur ;
c) chaudières, réservoirs ;
d) systèmes en aval des postes de raccordement.
Cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje - Projektiranje in vgradnja toplotno izoliranih spojenih eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja - 1. del: Projektiranje (vključno z dopolnilom A1)
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za projektiranje, izračun in vgradnjo tovarniško izdelanih toplotno izoliranih spojenih eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja za neprekinjeno delovanje z obdelano vročo vodo pri različnih temperaturah do 120 °C in občasnih najvišjih temperaturah do 140 °C ter najvišjem notranjem tlaku 2,5 MPa. Ta standard ne zajema gibkih cevnih sistemov v skladu s standardom EN 15632.
Standard EN 13941, Projektiranje in vgradnja toplotno izoliranih spojenih eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja je sestavljen iz dveh delov:
a) prEN 13941-1: Projektiranje
b) prEN 13941-2: Vgradnja
Zahteve in določbe iz tega dela standarda: EN 13941-1 je neločljivo povezan z zahtevami in določbami standarda prEN 13941-2. Ta del se zato uporablja izključno skupaj s standardom prEN 13941-2.
Načela standarda se lahko uporabljajo za toplotno izolirane cevne sisteme s tlaki, višjimi od 2,5 MPa, če je posebna pozornost namenjena učinkom tlaka.
Sosednje cevi, ki niso zakopane, vendar pripadajo omrežju (npr. cevi v jaških, ventilskih komorah, cestnih prehodih nad tlemi itd.), je mogoče projektirati in vgraditi na podlagi tega standarda.
Ta standard predpostavlja uporabo obdelane vode, ki z mehčanjem, demineralizacijo, razzračevanjem, dodajanjem kemikalij ali z drugo obdelavo učinkovito preprečuje notranjo korozijo in nastajanje oblog na ceveh.
OPOMBA: Za dodatne informacije o kakovosti vode za uporabo v cevnih sistemih za daljinsko ogrevanje glej tudi [1].
Ta standard se ne uporablja za enote, kot so:
a) črpalke;
b) toplotni izmenjevalniki;
c) kotli, rezervoarji;
d) sistemi za domačimi razdelilnimi postajami.
General Information
Relations
Overview
SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022 (EN 13941-1) is the European design standard for thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems used in directly buried hot water district heating networks. It sets requirements for design, calculation and related installation provisions for factory-made bonded pipe assemblies intended for continuous operation with treated hot water up to 120 °C (occasional peaks to 140 °C) and a maximum internal pressure of 2.5 MPa. This Part 1 (Design) is intended to be used together with Part 2 (Installation); the two parts form an integral whole.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and exclusions: Applies to bonded single/twin pipes for buried networks; excludes flexible systems covered by EN 15632 and equipment such as pumps, heat exchangers, boilers, tanks and systems behind domestic substations.
- Materials & components: Requirements for steel service pipes, polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation, outer casings, field joint materials, valves, expansion cushions and markings.
- Design & calculations: Procedures for global analysis, cross‑sectional stresses, deflection, bends, T‑pieces, reducers and compensators; determination of stresses, strains and fatigue.
- Pipe–soil interaction: Detailed modelling of axial friction, lateral soil reaction, combined stiffness of steel/PUR/soil, settlement and soft soil provisions.
- Actions & loads: Temperature variations, top soil loads, traffic loads, and load combinations relevant for buried networks.
- Limit states & service life: Serviceability, plastic deformation, fatigue, instability and compressive/shear limits for materials (steel, PUR, PE).
- Project planning & QA: Risk assessment, project classes, route selection, minimum distances, venting/draining, procurement, quality control and required design documentation.
Practical applications & users
This standard is essential for:
- District heating designers and civil/mechanical engineers preparing pipe system specifications and stress analyses.
- Pipe and fittings manufacturers producing factory‑made bonded assemblies and documentation.
- Construction contractors and installers responsible for buried pipeline alignment, jointing and QA (in conjunction with EN 13941-2).
- Network owners, asset managers and authorities specifying performance, service life and inspection criteria. Use cases include design of new hot water distribution mains, pipeline replacements, road crossings, valve chambers and above‑ground sections belonging to the network.
Related standards (if applicable)
- EN 13941-2 - Installation (must be used together with EN 13941-1)
- EN 15632 - Flexible pipe systems (outside scope)
- National codes and water‑quality guidance referenced in the standard for treated water requirements
Keywords: district heating pipes, thermal insulated bonded pipe systems, directly buried hot water networks, EN 13941-1, pipeline design, pipe-soil interaction, polyurethane insulated pipes, buried hot water networks.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Cevi za daljinsko ogrevanje - Projektiranje in vgradnja toplotno izoliranih spojenih
eno- in dvocevnih sistemov za neposredno zakopana vročevodna omrežja - 1. del:
Projektiranje (vključno z dopolnilom A1)
District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and
twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Installation von gedämmten Einzel- und Doppelrohr-
Verbundsystemen für direkt erdverlegte Heißwasser-Fernwärmenetze - Teil 1:
Auslegung
Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation des systèmes bloqués de
monotubes ou bitubes isolés thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés
directement - Partie 1 : Conception
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2021
ICS:
23.040.07 Cevovodi za daljinsko Pipeline and its parts for
ogrevanje in njihovi deli district heat
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 13941-1:2019+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.040.07; 23.040.10; 91.140.10 Supersedes EN 13941-1:2019
English Version
District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal
insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly
buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design
Tuyaux de chauffage urbain - Conception et installation Fernwärmerohre - Auslegung und Installation von
des systèmes bloqués de monotubes ou bitubes isolés gedämmten Einzel- und Doppelrohr-Verbundsystemen
thermiquement pour les réseaux d'eau chaude enterrés für direkt erdverlegte Heißwasser-Fernwärmenetze -
directement - Partie 1 : Conception Teil 1: Auslegung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2018 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 15
October 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 8
Introduction .10
1 Scope .11
2 Normative references .11
3 Terms and definitions, units and symbols .12
3.1 Terms and definitions .12
3.1.1 Symbols .13
3.1.2 Abbreviations .19
4 General requirements .19
4.1 Functional requirements.19
4.2 Service life .19
4.3 Preliminary investigations .20
4.4 Determination of project class .21
4.4.1 Risk assessment .21
4.4.2 Project classes .21
4.5 Design documentation .23
4.5.1 General .23
4.5.2 Operational data .24
4.5.3 Data related to the pipe system .24
4.6 Route selection and positioning of the pipes .26
4.6.1 Minimum distances between parallel pipes .26
4.6.2 Parallel excavations and works of third parties .27
4.6.3 Minimum distance between district heating pipes and underground structures .27
4.7 Venting and draining .27
4.8 Valves.27
4.9 Procurement of materials .28
4.9.1 Manufacturer of pipeline components .28
4.10 Quality control .28
4.10.1 General .28
4.10.2 Design phase .28
4.10.3 Installation phase .28
5 Requirements for components and materials .29
5.1 Basic requirements .29
5.2 Steel service pipe components .29
5.2.1 General .29
5.2.2 Specification .30
5.2.3 Characteristic values for steel .30
5.2.4 Specific requirements for bends and T-pieces .31
5.2.5 Specific requirements for small angular deviations .32
5.2.6 Specific requirements for reducers .33
5.3 Polyurethane foam thermal insulation .33
5.4 Casing .33
5.5 Materials for casing and thermal insulation of field joints .33
5.6 Expansion cushions .33
5.6.1 General .33
5.6.2 Materials .34
5.6.3 Stiffness properties . 34
5.6.4 Selecting required thickness of expansion cushions . 35
5.6.5 Marking . 35
5.7 Valves and accessories . 35
5.7.1 General requirements . 35
5.7.2 Marking and documentation . 36
6 Design and calculation . 36
6.1 General procedure . 36
6.2 Pipeline components, areas, conditions and interfaces to be included in the
analyses . 37
6.2.1 Components . 37
6.2.2 Areas requiring specific analyses . 38
6.2.3 Special conditions . 38
6.2.4 Interfaces . 38
6.3 Simplified analysis procedure . 39
6.4 Actions . 39
6.4.1 General . 39
6.4.2 Classification of actions and load combinations . 39
6.4.3 Temperature variations . 41
6.4.4 Top load from soil. 42
6.4.5 Traffic loads . 42
6.5 Global analysis and pipe-soil interaction . 44
6.5.1 General . 44
6.5.2 Modelling pipe-soil interaction . 44
6.5.3 Pipe to soil friction (axial) . 46
6.5.4 Horizontal soil reaction (lateral) . 48
6.5.5 Combined lateral stiffness of steel service pipe, PUR, expansion cushions and soil . 53
6.5.6 Soil properties . 56
6.5.7 Thermal expansion of buried pipe sections: . 56
6.5.8 Pipe systems with single use compensators (SUC’s) . 58
6.5.9 Specific requirements for vertical and horizontal stability . 60
6.5.10 Parallel excavations . 63
6.5.11 Requirements for soft soils and settlement areas . 64
6.5.12 Specific design requirements for above-ground pipelines with factory made pipe
and fitting assemblies . 64
6.5.13 Insertion into protection pipe. 64
6.6 Determination of stresses and strains . 65
6.6.1 General . 65
6.6.2 Cross section analyses, steel . 65
6.6.3 Assessment on the basis of a resultant (equivalent) stress . 66
6.6.4 Stresses and ovalization from top load . 67
6.6.5 Deflection . 69
6.6.6 Bends . 70
6.6.7 T-pieces . 71
6.6.8 Single Use Compensators (SUC’s) . 73
6.6.9 PUR and casing . 76
6.7 Fatigue analyses . 76
6.7.1 General . 76
6.7.2 Action cycles . 76
6.8 Further actions . 79
7 Limit states . 79
7.1 General . 79
7.2 Limit states for service pipes of steel . 80
7.2.1 General .80
7.2.2 Limit state A: Failure caused by plastic deformation .80
7.2.3 Limit state B: Failure caused by fatigue .83
7.2.4 Limit state C: Failure caused by instability of the system or part of it .86
7.2.5 Limit state D: Serviceability limit state .88
7.2.6 Survey of limit states for steel .88
7.3 Limit states for PUR and PE .91
7.3.1 Compressive stress .91
7.3.2 Limit state for !axial" shear stress.91
7.3.3 Limit state for PE .91
7.4 Limit states for valves .91
Annex A (normative) Design of piping components under internal pressure .93
A.1 General .93
A.2 Straight pipe and bends .93
A.2.1 Straight pipes .93
A.2.2 Bends .93
A.3 T-pieces and branch connections .94
A.3.1 General aspects and limitations .94
A.3.2 Reinforcement .94
A.3.2.1 General .94
A.3.2.2 Dissimilar material of shell and reinforcement .94
A.3.2.3 Thickness ratio .95
A.3.2.4 Calculation method for reinforcement area .95
A.3.2.5 Reinforcement by increased wall thickness .95
A.3.2.6 Reinforcement by compensating plates.96
A.4 Reducers and extensions .97
A.5 Dished ends .97
A.5.1 General .97
A.5.2 Ellipsoidal Dished Head Minimum required wall thickness for internal pressure .98
A.5.3 Straight cylindrical shells .98
Annex B (informative) Soil properties and geotechnical parameters for pipe/soil interaction
analyses .99
B.1 General requirements .99
B.2 Geotechnical parameters for global analysis (pipe-soil interaction) .99
B.3 Geotechnical Study . 100
B.3.1 Field study . 100
B.3.2 Typical values, referred to mean value . 100
B.3.3 Investigation of interface friction . 100
B.4 Characteristic values for soil properties . 100
B.4.1 Typical values, referred to mean value . 100
B.4.2 Spatial variation of soil properties . 101
B.5 Model uncertainty when determining geotechnical parameters. 102
Annex C (informative) Flexibility and stress concentration of pipe components . 104
C.1 General . 104
C.2 Flexibility factors for pipe components. 104
C.2.1 Bends . 104
C.2.2 T-pieces . 104
C.2.3 Other components . 105
C.3 Stress concentration in pipe elements . 105
C.3.1 Butt welds . 105
C.3.2 Bends . 105
C.3.2.1 Stress concentration factors for bends: Simplified method . 105
C.3.2.2 Stress concentration factors for bends: exact calculation . 106
C.3.3 T-pieces . 108
C.3.3.1 General . 108
C.3.4 Small angular deviations . 109
C.3.5 Reducers . 110
Annex D (informative) Calculation of heat losses . 112
D.1 General . 112
D.2 Heat losses of thermal insulated pipes . 112
D.2.1 Pair of single pipes — calculation of specific heat loss . 112
D.2.2 symmetrical and (a) antisymmetrical heat loss factors according to zero-order
multipole formulae: . 113
D.2.3 Using Zero-order approximation for (s) symmetrical and (a) antisymmetrical
problem the heat resistance can be calculated: . 114
D.2.4 specific heat loss of pipes . 114
D.2.5 Twin Pipes — calculation of specific heat loss . 115
D.2.6 temperatures of pipes . 115
D.2.7 (s) symmetrical and (a) antisymmetrical heat loss factors according to first-order
multipole formula: . 116
D.2.8 specific heat loss of pipes . 117
Annex E (informative) Specific requirements for twin pipe systems . 118
E.1 General . 118
E.2 Component and materials . 118
E.2.1 Twin Pipe assembly . 118
E.2.2 Fixing bars . 119
E.3 Max. allowable stresses for specific twin pipe system elements: . 120
E.3.1 Project classes . 120
E.3.2 Soil friction, twin pipe friction length and pipe expansion . 120
E.3.3 Axial stress in the flow and return steel service pipes . 122
E.3.4 Dimensions of the fixing bars . 124
E.3.4.1 General . 124
E.3.4.2 loads on the fixing bars type A . 125
E.3.4.3 loads on the fixing bar type B . 126
E.3.5 Stress proof of the fixing bar . 128
E.3.6 Proof of the welds . 129
E.3.7 Vertical and horizontal stability of the twin pipe assembly in the soil . 132
E.3.8 Stress concentration factors for bends, T-pieces. 132
E.3.9 Fatigue . 132
E.4 Installation requirements . 132
E.4.1 Installation methods: . 132
E.4.2 Straight pipe section terminations: . 132
E.4.3 Use of insulated twin pipe valves: . 132
E.4.4 Use of transition assembly (twin pipe — single pipe): . 132
E.4.5 requirements for welding and testing of steel service pipe joints: . 132
Annex F (normative) Compressive testing of expansion cushions . 133
Annex G (informative) Principles for determination of bending moments and axial forces for
testing of district heating valves . 135
G.1 Introduction . 135
G.2 General considerations for determination of test values for bending moments . 135
G.3 Determination of bending moments from soil settlements . 136
G.4 Calculation results and evaluation . 136
G.5 Resistance to axial forces . 139
Annex H (informative) Scope of EN 13941 in relation to Pressure Equipment Directive
(PED), 2014/68/EU, May 15th, 2014 . 140
H.1 General . 140
H.2 Guidelines . 141
Annex I (informative) Quality control program and documentation . 144
Annex J (informative) Casing: Formulas for Miner Rule . 147
Annex K (informative) Strength calculation of horizontal directional drillings . 149
K.1 Introduction . 149
K.2 Determination of pulling forces . 150
K.2.1 Pulling force, resulting from the roller system . 150
K.2.2 Pulling force, resulting from a straight section of borehole . 150
K.2.3 Pulling force, resulting from curved sections of the borehole . 152
K.2.3.1 General friction force . 152
K.2.3.2 Friction resulting from elastic soil reaction in curved borehole sections . 152
K.2.3.3 Friction due to the axial pulling force in curved borehole sections . 153
K.2.3.4 Total force in a curved section . 154
K.2.4 Total pulling force . 154
K.3 Determination of the longitudinal bending moment . 155
K.4 Determination of the circumferential bending moment from top load. 155
K.5 Determination of stress . 155
K.6 Assessment of possible collapse of the pipeline due to external drilling fluid
pressure or external ground water pressure (risk of buckling) . 155
K.7 Assessment of maximum soil pressure on PUR and casing . 155
K.8 Determination of maximum allowable pressure in the bore hole . 156
K.9 Vertical soil load after completion of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) . 156
K.9.1 Introduction . 156
K.9.2 Arching . 156
K.9.3 Calculation method for vertical soil load (homogeneous soil mass) . 156
K.9.4 Calculation method for horizontal support pressure (with reduced vertical load) 157
Bibliography . 159
European foreword
This document (EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 107
“Prefabricated district heating and district cooling pipe system”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes !EN 13941:2019".
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 15 October 2021.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
EN 13941, District heating pipes — Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin
pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Design;
— Part 2: Installation.
In comparison to EN 13941:2009+A1:2010, the following changes have been made:
a) EN 13941 is considered to be the “system standard”, including all requirements for materials and
components and where necessary referring to the related product standards;
b) chapters related to installation are moved to EN 13941-2;
c) terms and definitions are moved to EN 17248;
d) the document structure is improved, giving a better balance between standard text and annexes;
e) twin pipes are included in a new Annex E;
f) Annex H: “Scope of EN 13941 in relation to Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)” was added;
g) requirements for horizontal and vertical stability and for parallel excavations are made more explicit;
h) minimum free distances between parallel pipes are introduced as well as a warning to be aware of
works of third parties that might endanger the integrity or the required design conditions of the
district heating pipes;
i) requirements for horizontal directional drillings are included (also in EN 13941-2);
j) required properties and testing methods for expansion cushions are included;
k) a design fatigue curve for fillet welds (e. g. in single use compensators) is included;
l) the use of stress concentration factors for butt welds in district heating pipes is, in line with present
international pipeline codes, not considered necessary anymore;
m) a great number of smaller adjustments and editorial improvements.
!In comparison to EN 13941-1:2019, the following changes have been made:
a) minor corrections throughout the document."
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been prepared by CEN/TC 107/WG 13 “Prefabricated district heating and district
cooling pipe system”.
According to the scope of CEN/TC 107:
— the task of CEN/TC 107/WG 13 is to specify rules for design, calculation and installation for factory
made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks;
— CEN/TC 107/WG 13 also contributes to rules for functional tests for thermal-insulated bonded pipe
systems for underground hot water networks;
When use is made of the standard, the different sections of which it is made up is to be interpreted as
being interdependent and, because of this, cannot be dissociated.
The revision of EN 13941:2009+A1:2010 involves the subdivision of the document in two separate
documents:
— EN 13941-1, District heating pipes — Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and
twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks — Part 1: Design;
— EN 13941-2, District heating pipes — Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and
twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks — Part 2: Installation.
This volume (Part 1) consists of a main part and eight annexes.
Annexes A, and F are normative. Annexes B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J and K are informative.
This document contains a number of requirements aimed at ensuring the sound execution of distribution
networks and transportation pipelines for district heating.
The requirements and regulations contained in this document should be assessed and applied in
compliance with the intentions of the standard and in due consideration of the development taking place
in the field it concerns. It is therefore assumed that the user of the standard has the requisite technical
insight and that the user of the standard has adequate knowledge of legal and other external regulations
that are of consequence to the practical application of the standard.
NOTE Some paragraphs of this standard are possibly covered by national regulations in some countries which
naturally apply instead of this standard.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal
insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for buried hot water networks for continuous operation
with treated water at various temperatures up to 120 °C and occasionally peak temperatures up to 140 °C
for maximum 300 h/a, and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa.
Flexible pipe systems according to the EN 15632 series are not under the scope of this standard.
The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems
for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts:
a) EN 13941-1: Design;
b) EN 13941-2: Installation.
The requirements in this part, EN 13941-1, form a unity with those of EN 13941-2.
The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher
than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure.
Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e.g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road
crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard.
This document presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralization, de-aeration,
adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits
in the pipes.
NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also
bibliographic entry [2].
This standard is not applicable for such units as:
a) pumps;
b) heat exchangers;
c) boilers, tanks;
d) systems behind domestic substations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 253, District heating pipes — Bonded single pipe systems for d
...
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "District heating pipes - Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Part 1: Design". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard. The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts: a) prEN 13941-1: Design; b) prEN 13941-2: Installation. The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2. The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure. Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard. This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes. NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1]. This standard is not applicable for such units as: a) pumps; b) heat exchangers; c) boilers, tanks; d) systems behind domestic substations.
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, calculation and installation of factory made thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks for continuous operation with treated hot water at various temperatures up to 120 ºC and occasionally with peak temperatures up to 140 ºC and maximum internal pressure 2,5 MPa. Flexible pipe systems according to EN 15632 are not under the scope of this standard. The standard EN 13941, Design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks consists of two parts: a) prEN 13941-1: Design; b) prEN 13941-2: Installation. The requirements and stipulations in this part: EN 13941-1, form an unbreakable unity with those of prEN 13941-2. This part shall therefore exclusively be used in combination with prEN 13941-2. The principles of the standard may be applied to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2,5 MPa, provided that special attention is paid to the effects of pressure. Adjacent pipes, not buried, but belonging to the network (e. g. pipes in ducts, valve chambers, road crossings above ground etc.) may be designed and installed according to this standard. This standard presupposes the use of treated water, which by softening, demineralisation, de-aeration, adding of chemicals, or otherwise has been treated to effectively prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes. NOTE For further information on water qualities to be used in district heating pipe systems see also [1]. This standard is not applicable for such units as: a) pumps; b) heat exchangers; c) boilers, tanks; d) systems behind domestic substations.
SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.040.07 - Pipeline and its parts for district heat; 91.140.10 - Central heating systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 13941-1:2019/oprA1:2021, SIST EN 13941-1:2019. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
이 기사는 SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 직접 묻힌 온수망을 위한 열 절연 본딩 싱글 및 트윈 파이프 시스템의 설계와 설치에 대한 요구 사항을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 연속적으로 처리된 뜨거운 물을 사용하는 온수망에 대해 120 ºC까지 다양한 온도와 가끔씩 최고 온도가 140 ºC 및 최대 내압 2.5 MPa로 작동하는 시스템을 대상으로 합니다. EN 15632에 따른 유연한 파이프 시스템은 이 표준의 범위에 포함되어 있지 않습니다. EN 13941, 직접 묻힌 온수망을 위한 열 절연 본딩 싱글 및 트윈 파이프 시스템의 설계와 설치는 두 부분으로 구성되어 있습니다: a) prEN 13941-1: 설계; b) prEN 13941-2: 설치. EN 13941-1의 요구 사항과 규정은 prEN 13941-2와 까지 끊임없는 단위를 형성합니다. 따라서 본 부분은 반드시 prEN 13941-2와 함께 사용되어야 합니다. 압력의 영향에 특별한 주의를 기울이는 경우, 2.5 MPa보다 높은 압력을 가진 열 절연 파이프 시스템에서도 이 표준의 원칙을 적용할 수 있습니다. 묻히지 않은 옆에 있는 파이프는 이 표준에 따라 설계와 설치될 수 있습니다. 이 표준은 내부 부식과 파이프 내에 발생하는 침전물을 효과적으로 방지하기 위해 소프트웨어, 규정, 퇴적 제거, 화학물질 첨가 등으로 처리된 물의 사용을 전제로 합니다. 참고로, 지역 난방 파이프 시스템에서 사용되는 물의 품질에 대한 자세한 정보는 [1]을 참조하십시오. 이 표준은 다음과 같은 단위에는 적용되지 않습니다: a) 펌프; b) 열교환기; c) 보일러, 탱크; d) 가정용 서브스테이션 뒤에 있는 시스템.
The article discusses the European standard EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022, which focuses on the design and installation of thermal insulated bonded single and twin pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. The standard applies to systems operating with treated hot water at temperatures up to 120 ºC, with occasional peak temperatures up to 140 ºC, and a maximum internal pressure of 2.5 MPa. It does not cover flexible pipe systems. The standard consists of two parts: prEN 13941-1 for design and prEN 13941-2 for installation, which must be used together. Special attention should be given to the effects of pressure when applying the standard to thermal insulated pipe systems with pressures higher than 2.5 MPa. The standard can also be used for designing and installing adjacent pipes that are not buried but are part of the network. The standard assumes the use of treated water to prevent internal corrosion and deposits in the pipes. However, it does not apply to pumps, heat exchangers, boilers, tanks, or systems behind domestic substations.
この記事は、SIST EN 13941-1:2019+A1:2022について説明しています。このヨーロッパ規格は、直接埋設された温水ネットワークのための熱絶縁ボンデッドシングルおよびツインパイプシステムの設計と取り付けに関する要件を規定しています。この規格は、処理済みの温水を使用して連続運転されるネットワークに対して、最高温度が120℃までのさまざまな温度で作動し、時折ピーク温度が140℃、最大内部圧力が2.5 MPaであるシステムを対象としています。EN 15632に準拠したフレキシブルパイプシステムは、この規格の対象外です。 EN 13941は、直接埋設された温水ネットワークのための熱絶縁ボンデッドシングルおよびツインパイプシステムの設計と取り付けで構成されており、以下の2つのパートで構成されています： a) prEN 13941-1：設計； b) prEN 13941-2：取り付け。 EN 13941-1の要件と規定は、prEN 13941-2と不可分の一体を成します。したがって、本パートは必ずprEN 13941-2と組み合わせて使用する必要があります。 圧力が2.5 MPaを超える熱絶縁パイプシステムにこの規格を適用する場合は、圧力の影響に特に注意する必要があります。 埋設されていないがネットワークに所属する隣接パイプ（例：ダクト内のパイプ、バルブ室、道路横断など）は、この規格に従って設計および取り付けることができます。 この規格では、内部腐食やパイプ内の堆積物を効果的に防止するために、軟水処理、脱塩素、除食、化学薬品の添加などによって処理された水の使用を前提としています。 注意：地区熱供給パイプシステムで使用する水の品質に関する詳細な情報については、[1]も参照してください。 この規格は、次のようなユニットには適用されません： a) ポンプ； b) 熱交換器； c) ボイラー、タンク； d) 家庭用サブステーションの後ろのシステム。
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...