SIST EN 74-1:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 74-1:2006
01-marec-2006
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SIST EN 74:2000
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Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and scaffolds - Part 1:
Couplers for tubes - Requirements and test procedures
Kupplungen, Zentrierbolzen und Fußplatten für Arbeitsgerüste und Traggerüste - Teil 1:
Rohrkupplungen - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Raccords, goujons d'assemblage et semelles pour étaiements et échafaudages - Partie
1: Raccords de tubes - Exigences et modes opératoires d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 74-1:2005
ICS:
91.220 Gradbena oprema Construction equipment
SIST EN 74-1:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 74-1:2006

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 74-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2005
ICS 91.220 Supersedes EN 74:1988
English Version
Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and
scaffolds - Part 1: Couplers for tubes - Requirements and test
procedures
Raccords, goujons d'assemblages et semelles pour Kupplungen, Zentrierbolzen und Fußplatten für
étaiement et échaffaudages de service - Partie 1: Raccords Arbeitsgerüste und Traggerüste - Teil 1: Rohrkupplungen -
pour tubes - Exigences de performance et méthodes Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 74-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .5
3.1 Terms and definitions.6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations.6
4 Types and classes of couplers .7
4.1 Types of couplers .7
4.2 Classes of couplers .7
5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests.12
6 General requirements .13
6.1 Materials .13
6.2 Design.13
6.3 Manufacturer's drawing.16
6.4 Production.16
7 Test methods and evaluation of results.16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Slipping and failure force .19
7.3 Pull-apart force F (RA).26
p
7.4 Stiffnesses and ultimate moments .27
7.5 Indentation (RA,SW,PA) .34
8 Designation .36
9 Marking .36
10 Test report .37
11 Evaluation of test results.37
12 Assessment.37
13 Product manual.37
Annex A (normative) Whitworth thread size 1/2 X 12 Tpi .38
A.1 Nominal values.38
A.2 Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating .39
Annex B (informative) Ongoing production control.40
Bibliography.42

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 74-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 53 “Temporary
works equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2006.
When published this European Standard supersedes the requirements for couplers specified in EN 74:1988.
There are additional requirements for some couplers.
The couplers specified in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds erected in accordance with
EN 12811-1 and falsework erected in accordance with EN 12812.
This European Standard is not mandated at the time of publication.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
3

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Introduction
This is the first of three parts of a European Standard which supersedes EN 74:1988.
This first part, EN 74-1, covers common types of friction couplers.
The second part, EN 74-2, deals with other less common types of couplers.
The third part, EN 74-3, deals with plain base plates and loose spigot pins. Until this part is available the
respective clauses of EN 74:1988 remain valid.
EN 74-1 defines a set of steel and aluminium reference tubes for the required tests.
EN 74-1 is not intended to prevent the development of other types of couplers. For example couplers may be
manufactured in aluminium or other materials or be designed for use with steel or aluminium tubes other than
the normally used 48,3 mm nominal outside diameter. Whilst such couplers cannot comply with this European
Standard, it is recommended that the principles of this European Standard are considered in their design and
assessment.

The couplers in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds and falsework for connecting 48,3
mm outside diameter steel and aluminium tubes which fulfil in other respects (e.g. material grade, thickness
and tolerances) the requirements given in EN 12811-1, EN 12811-2 and EN 12810-1.
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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies, for right angle couplers, swivel couplers, sleeve couplers and parallel
couplers working by friction:
 materials;
 design requirements;
 strength classes with different structural parameters including values for resistance and stiffness;
 test procedures;
 assessment;
and gives
 recommendations for ongoing production control.
For testing, screw couplers are tightened to a torque of 50 Nm and wedge couplers are tightened with a 500 g
hammer until the jarring blow.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 12811-1:2003, Temporary works equipment — Part 1: Scaffolds — Performance requirements and
general design
EN 12811-2:2004, Temporary works equipment — Part 2: Information on materials
EN 12811-3:2002, Temporary works equipment — Part 3: Load testing
EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999)
EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load value -; Coarse
thread (ISO 898-2:1992)
EN 12812, Falsework — Performance requirements and general design
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12811-1:2003 and the
following apply.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
coupler
device used for connecting two tubes
3.1.2
wedge coupler
coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of hammering
home a wedge
3.1.3
screw coupler
coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of a nut and a
bolt
3.1.4
supplementary coupler
right angle coupler positioned touching an identical coupler in order to increase the slip resistance
3.1.5
assessment
checking process to establish compliance with the requirements specified in this European Standard
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following symbols apply:
 F slipping force in kN;
s
 F failure force in kN;
f
 F pull apart force in kN;
p
 M bending or cruciform bending moment in kNm;
B
 c cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;
ϕ(i),MB
 M rotational moment in kNm;
T
 c rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;
ϕ,MT
 F specified value for slipping force in kN;
s,c
 F specified value for failure force in kN;
f,c
 F specified value for pull apart force in kN;
p,c
 M specified value for bending moment in kNm;
B,c
 c specified value for cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;
ϕ(i),MB,c
 M specified value for rotational moment in kNm;
T,c
 c specified value for rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;
ϕ,MT,c
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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
 ν displacement in millimetres of the transverse tube under load relative to a tube or solid bar in
rotational tests;
 ∆  displacement in millimetres of a coupler under load relative to a tube or solid bar;
i
 ∆ indentation in millimetres;
10
 P test load in kN;
 P test load for indentation in kN;
ind
 ϕ specified angle of rotation of a coupler in degrees;
 P load bearing capacity of a coupler at failure;
f,ult
P load bearing capacity of a coupler for pull apart;

p,ult
 M capacity of a coupler of cruciform bending ultimate moment;
ult
 R yield strength;
eH
 R proof stress at elongation of 0.2 %;
p,0.2
 R tensile strength;
m
4 Types and classes of couplers
4.1 Types of couplers
The types of couplers are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Types of couplers
Type of coupler Identification Arrangement of tubes
Right angle coupler RA Crossing at a right angle
Swivel coupler SW Crossing at any angle
Parallel coupler PA Parallel
Sleeve coupler SF End to end coaxially


4.2 Classes of couplers
4.2.1 General
The classes for each type of coupler are given in Table 2.
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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 2 — Classes of couplers
Type of coupler Class
A B AA BB
Right angle coupler ■ ■ ■ ■
Swivel coupler ----- -----
■ ■
Parallel coupler ■ ■ ----- -----
Sleeve coupler friction type ■ ■ ----- -----
■ Specified class

NOTE Classes A and B differ in transmissible internal forces and moments and in values of load bearing capacity
and stiffness. Couplers of classes AA and BB, used as single couplers have the same characteristics as couplers of
classes A and B respectively, but they may also be used to increase slipping capacity if two identical couplers AA+AA or
BB+BB are positioned touching each other.
4.2.2 Transmissible internal forces, moments and related stiffnesses
In general a connection between two tubes is able to transmit three forces and three moments at right angles
to each other with related stiffness.
Tables 3 to 6 show which structural parameters apply. See Table 8 for values for testing purposes.
NOTE Longitudinal stiffness may be derived from load – displacement curves for slipping forces.
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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)

Table 3 — Structural parameters for right angle couplers (RA)
Class
Structural parameters
A and AA B and BB
■ ■
Slipping force F
s
--- ■
Rotational moment M *
T
■ ■
Pull apart force F
p
Failure force F ■ ■
f
--- ■
Cruciform bending moment M *
B
--- ■
Rotational stiffness c *
ϕ,MT
--- ■
Cruciform bending stiffness c
ϕ,MB
■  Resistance or stiffness specified
 * Only for screw couplers




Figure 1 — Forces and moments for a right angle coupler


9
Connection Force or moment
stiffness (Figure 1)

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 4 — Structural parameters for swivel couplers (SW)
Class
Structural parameter
A B
1 Slipping force F (Figure 2) ■ ■
s
2 Failure force F (Figure 2) ■ ■
f
■  Resistance specified



Figure 2 — Forces for a swivel coupler


Table 5 — Structural parameters for parallel couplers (PA)
Class
Structural parameter
A B
1 Slipping force F (Figure 3) ■ ■
s
2 Failure force F (Figure 3) ■ ■
f
■  Resistance specified


10

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EN 74-1:2005 (E)


Figure 3 — Forces for a parallel coupler

Table 6 — Structural parameters for sleeve couplers (SF)
Structural parameters Class

A B
1 Slipping force F (Figure 4)
■ ■
s
2 Bending moment M (Figure4) --- ■
B
■ Resistance specified


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EN 74-1:2005 (E)


Figure 4 — Forces and moments for a sleeve coupler
5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests
The specified outside diameter of all tubes and bars shall be 48,3 mm with a tolerance for tubes of ± 0,5 mm
and for bars of ± 0,2 mm.
Reference tubes shall be used that are selected from normal production whose properties lie within the
tolerance bands specified in Table 7.
The tubes shall be unused and steel tubes shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with EN 12811-2 class
C2 of corrosion protection.
Table 7 — Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests
Reference Structural Material Yield strength or hardness Wall Wall thickness
form thickness tolerance
mm
2 2
RT Tube Steel 3.2 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
235 N/mm ≤ R ≤ 265 N/mm
S1 eH
corrosion resistance)
2 2
RT Tube Steel 315 N/mm ≤ R ≤ 345 N/mm 2.7 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
S2
eH
corrosion resistance)
2 2
RT Tube Steel 4.0 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
235 N/mm ≤ R ≤ 265 N/mm
S3
eH
corrosion resistance)
2 2
RT Tube Alluminium 4.0 mm + 0,1 - 0,2
195 N/mm ≤ R ≤ 215 N/mm
A eH
alloy
RB Bar Steel 250 Brinell See Clause 5

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
6 General requirements
6.1 Materials
All elements of couplers shall be made of steel or cast iron and shall fulfil the requirements given in European
Standards where design data are provided. Some information about those most commonly used is given in
EN 12811-2. Elements shall be protected against atmospheric corrosion in general in accordance with
EN 12811-2.
Electrolytical zinc coating C with an average thickness of 15 µm conforms to 8.1 of 12811-2:2004.
z
For screw and nut connection, other corrosion protection which is specified in EN or ISO standards may be
applied. It shall be shown that they achieve at least equivalent protection.
When tested to EN 10002-1, cast irons shall have a minimum elongation of 5 % on ultimate strength where
l = 3d.
o
6.2 Design
A coupler model of a defined type and class shall conform to all requirements specified in Table 8. It
6.2.1
means for any structural parameter that the evaluated test results shall be equal or exceed the specified
values in this European Standard except for indentation.
The characteristic values and safety coefficients to be applied for use shall be as given in EN 12811-1 and in
EN 12812.
6.2.2 The design of couplers shall be such that after tightening onto any steel or aluminium tube given in
Clause 5 and tightened in accordance with 7.1.7 and 7.1.8, there shall be significant effective travel on the nut
or wedge.
NOTE Experience shows that 2 mm of thread or wedge remaining and a minimum gap of 2 mm between the closing
flap and the body are suitable limits.
6.2.3 A coupler shall be manufactured so that the elements cannot be separated during normal service
condition.
The bolt class shall be at least M12. The bolt strength class shall be at least grade 5.6 in accordance with
EN ISO 898-1. The proof load on each bolt, R shall not be less than 32,2 kN and the R /R ratio not
p 0.2, eH M
greater than 0,8.
The recommended bolt is M14x2, with tolerances in accordance with ISO 965.
”
½ Whitworth threads shall comply with Annex A.
The nut and bolt combination shall be in accordance with EN 20898-2. The nut shall be one of the following:
 plain hexagonal nut with a separate loose washer; or
 special flanged hexagonal nut having an integral fixed washer flange; or
 special hexagonal nut incorporating an integral rotating washer.
The outside diameter of the washers or nut flanges shall be at least equal to the measurement across the
corners of the hexagonal nuts at specified dimensions + 2 mm. The washer or nut flange thickness shall not
be less than 2,5 mm. A loose washer shall have a hardness of between 200 HV and 300 HV.
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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
NOTE Research has shown that the slipping resistance is dependant on the bolt tension. For a given torque this
tension is considerably increased when the integral friction coefficient on the thread is low. This integral friction coefficient
is significantly influenced by the type of corrosion protection and by the lubrication of the bolt and nut connection.
6.2.4 The correct installation of the tubes in the sleeve couplers shall preferably be achieved automatically
by the design of the coupler, e.g. by a self-centring device; otherwise it shall be very easy to verify visually
that it is correctly assembled.
6.2.5 An AA or BB coupler shall also fulfil the performance requirements of A and B couplers.
6.2.6 A coupler shall not cause an indentation greater than that specified in Table 8 when tested in
accordance with 7.5.

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 8 — Test parameters and specified values
COUPLER CLASS COUPLER CONFIGURATION
Type Property parameter Symbols Clause Test parameter A AA B BB AA/AA BB/BB
SPECIFIED VALUES
∆ ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN 10,0 kN 15,0 kN
1
Slipping force Fs,c 8.2.1 1 ≤ ∆ ≤2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN 25,0 kN
2
1 ≤ ∆ ≤2 mm - - 15,0 kN 25,0 kN
5
Failure force F 8.2.2 P 20,0 kN 30,0 kN 30,0 kN 45,0 kN - -
f,c f,ult
stiffness c M = ± 0,13 kNm - 7,5 kNm/rad
ϕ,MT,c T

Rotation 8.4.2
moment M 1° ≤ θ ≤ 2° - 0,13 kNm
T,c
Pull apart force F 8.3 P 20,0 kN 30,0 kN - -
p,c p,ult
c M /1,65 =0.48 kNm - 15,0 kNm/rad - -
ϕ1,MB,c B
Cruciform bending stiffness on steel
tube
c M =0,8 kNm - 6,0 kNm/rad - -
ϕ2,MB,c B
c M /1,65=0,48 kNm - 13,0 kNm/rad - -
ϕ1,MB,c B
8.4.1
Cruciform bending stiffness on
aluminium tube
c M =0,8 kNm - 5,0 kNm/rad - -
ϕ2,MB,c B
Cruciform bending ultimate moment M 2M - 1,6 kNm - -
ult,c B
∆ P = 6,67 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -
10 ind
Indentation 8.5
P = 10,0 kN - ≤ 1,5 mm - -
ind
F ∆ ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN - -
s,c 1
Slipping force 8.2.1
1 ≤ ∆ ≤ 2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN - -
2
Failure force F 8.2.2 P 14,0 kN 20,0 kN - -
f,c ult
∆ Pind = 4,7 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -
10
Indentation 8.5
P = 6,67 kN - ≤ 15 mm - -
ind
Slipping force F ∆ ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN - -
s,c 1
8.2.1
 1 mm ≤ ∆ ≤ 2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN - -
2
Failure force F 8.2.2 P 20,0 kN 30,0 kN - -
f,c ult
∆ P = 6.67 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -
10 ind
Indentation 8.5
P = 10.0 kN - ≤ 1,5 mm - -
ind
Slipping force F 8.2.1 1≤ ∆ ≤2 mm 6,0 kN 9,0 kN - -
s,c 2
Bending moment M 8.4.3 ∆ = 5 mm - 1,4 kNm - -
B,c 4
15
Sleeve
Parallel Coupler
coupler
Swivel (couplers (SW) Right angle couplers (RA)
( PA)
(SF)

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
6.3 Manufacturer's drawing
For each coupler model, the manufacturer shall record on the drawings sufficient information for unambiguous
identification and as a reference for subsequent inspection.
a) geometry;
b) dimensions and tolerances;
c) mass with tolerance;
d) material specification for each element of the coupler;
e) type of surface protection for each element of the coupler.
6.4 Production
6.4.1 An appropriate method of quality control during a production program shall ensure that couplers
satisfy the performance requirements of this European Standard and that they comply with the manufacturer’s
drawings.
NOTE Annex B gives recommendations for ongoing production control.
When the ongoing production control follows one of the inspection methods set out in Annex B, it may be
assumed that the couplers produced under this regime satisfy the requirements of this clause.
6.4.2 When ongoing production control procedures differ from those recommended in Annex B, they should
be drawn up by a person competent to do so.
NOTE Although it is not a requirement of this European Standard, it is recommended that manufacturers submit their
production control procedures periodically to third party inspections.
7 Test methods and evaluation of results
7.1 General
7.1.1 The minimum number of tests carried out on different types and classes of each coupler shall be in
accordance with Table 9.
7.1.2 The specimen required for testing shall be randomly selected (see ISO 2859) from a batch of at least
500 couplers.
7.1.3 Unused couplers shall be used for all tests except that, for ultimate load tests, those used for slip tests
may be reused.
7.1.4 Where the performance of a coupler depends on the load direction, the more unfavourable load
direction shall be tested.
7.1.5 All test equipment shall have an accuracy ≤ 1 %. With exception, a torque wrench may have an
accuracy of at least ± 5 %.
7.1.6 When testing screw couplers the conditioning for thread and bolt and nut connection shall be in
accordance with the statement regarding lubrication given in the product manual (see Clause 13 e)).
7.1.7 Screw couplers shall be tightened with a torque of 50 Nm applied with a torque wrench conforming to
7.1.5.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.1.8 Wedge couplers shall be tightened with a 500 g hammer until the jarring blow is reached.
7.1.9 Before carrying out the slip tests in accordance with 7.2.1 and 7.4.2, couplers shall be tightened and
untightened 5 times.
7.1.10 Slip test loads shall not be applied until 10 min after tightening the coupler.
7.1.11 Reference tubes and bars shall be in accordance with Table 7.
7.1.12 When a right angle coupler model is tested for classes AA or BB the second coupler, which shall be
an identical model to the first, shall be positioned touching the first for the slipping test.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 9 — Minimum number of tests for each coupler type and class and configuration
Number of tests

Clause
Coupler
Type of coupler Coupler Type of test
class
Reference tubes (see Table 7)
configuration
RT RT RT RT RB
S1 S2 S3 A
Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
s

Failure force F --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
f
A
---------
Pull apart force
AA --- --- --- --- 5 8.3
F
p
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
s
Failure force F --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
f

Pull apart force
--- --- --- --- 5 8.3
Right angle coupler
----------- F
p
(RA)
B
Cruciform
BB
bending moment 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.4.1
M
B
Rotational
5 ---- --- 5 --- 8.4.2
moment M
T
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
AA + AA
----- Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 ---- 8.2.1
s
BB + BB
Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
s
A
---------- Failure force F --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
f
Swivel coupler (SW) B
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
s
A
Parallel coupler (PA) ---------- Failure force F --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
f
B
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
A
Slipping force F 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
s
B ----------
Sleeve coupler (SF)
----------- Bending moment 5
B --- --- --- --- 8.4.3
M
B

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SIST EN 74-1:2006
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.2 Slipping and failure force
7.2.1 Slipping force F (RA,SW,PA,SF)
s
7.2.1.1 Purpose of test
To determine the resistance of F of a coupler to slipping along a tube and the relative displacements between
s
the tube and the coupler.
7.2.1.2 Test arrangements
For right angle and swivel couplers, provide equipment to apply a test load P to the transverse tube at two
points equidistant from the axis and not more than 125 mm from it, see Figures 5 and 6. Support the basic
tube laterally at two points not more than 500 mm apart. Make provision for measuring the displacement ∆
1
between the transverse and the basic tubes and ∆ between the back of the coupler and the basic tube.
2
For parallel couplers, which are tested in pairs for slip, see Figure 7, support each tube outside the coupler,
with the two supports not more the 1 000 mm apart. The couplers shall be not more than 400 mm apart. Make
provision for measuring the displacement ∆ between the two tubes and ∆
...