SIST EN ISO 19116:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19116:2006
Geografske informacije - Lokacijske storitve (ISO 19116:2019)
Geographic information - Positioning services (ISO 19116:2019)
Geoinformation - Positionierung (ISO 19116:2019)
Information géographique - Services de positionnement (ISO 19116:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19116:2019
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19116
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19116:2006
English Version
Geographic information - Positioning services (ISO
19116:2019)
Information géographique - Services de Geoinformation - Positionierung (ISO 19116:2019)
positionnement (ISO 19116:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19116:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19116:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19116:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19116:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19116:2019 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19116
Second edition
2019-12
Geographic information — Positioning
services
Information géographique — Services de positionnement
Reference number
ISO 19116:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 19116:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, backwards compatibility, UML notation, and packages .6
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 6
4.2 Backwards compatibility . . 7
4.3 UML notation . 7
4.4 UML packages . 7
5 Conformance . 8
5.1 Overview . 8
5.2 Conformance requirements . 8
5.3 Structure of requirements clauses . 8
6 Positioning services model . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Static data structures of a positioning service . 9
6.3 Basic and extended information from a positioning service .11
7 Basic information definition and description .12
7.1 Overview .12
7.2 System information .13
7.2.1 Overview .13
7.2.2 PS_System .14
7.2.3 System capability .14
7.2.4 Positioning technology .15
7.2.5 Referencing method .15
7.2.6 Instrument identification .16
7.3 Session .16
7.3.1 Overview .16
7.3.2 PS_Session.17
7.4 Observation information .18
7.4.1 Overview .18
7.4.2 PS_ObservationMode .19
7.4.3 PS_LinkToReferenceSystem .22
7.4.4 PS_MeasurementType .22
7.4.5 Observation .22
7.4.6 Coordinate transfer (offset) values .24
7.4.7 Offset vector .26
7.4.8 PS_OffsetSourceType .26
7.5 Quality information .27
7.5.1 Overview .27
7.5.2 PS_QualityMode .29
7.6 Positioning services operations .30
7.6.1 Definition of positioning services operations .30
7.6.2 Requirements for positioning service operations.30
7.6.3 Applying the positioning services operations .32
8 Reliability of positioning results .33
8.1 Overview .33
8.2 Reliability model.33
9 Technology-specific information .35
9.1 Overview .35
ISO 19116:2019(E)
9.2 Operating conditions .35
9.2.1 PS_OperatingConditions .36
9.2.2 PS_ComputationalConditions .36
9.2.3 PS_PositionFixMode .37
9.2.4 PS_PositioningMode .37
9.2.5 PS_ProcessingMode .37
9.2.6 Performance indicators.38
9.2.7 Measurement conditions .38
9.3 Raw measurement data .38
Annex A (normative) Conformance .39
Annex B (informative) Implementing accuracy reports for positioning services .42
Annex C (informative) Overview of positioning services .46
Annex D (informative) GNSS operating conditions .48
Annex E (informative) Reliability evaluation methods .53
Annex F (informative) Examples for extending positioning service results .59
Annex G (informative) Use case examples .60
Bibliography .63
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19116:2004), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Device specific definitions have been removed from the model and normative body of the document.
These have been clarified and reformatted in Annex D.
— Constructs from withdrawn standards ISO 19113, ISO 19114, and ISO 19115 have been updated
where necessary to ISO 19115-1 and ISO 19157. References to these new standards are carried out
using approved methods.
— Terminology entries from the first edition were updated and harmonized with other current
standards in ISO/TC 211. As per ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2018, unused terms have been removed
from this edition.
— Constructs from ISO 19111 have been updated. References to the revised ISO 19111:2019 document
are carried out using approved methods.
— A new, convenient yet unobtrusive, set of constructs for determining the reliability of a positioning
result have been added to the model, in Clause 8.
— Based on the concepts related to the model, conformance with the other standards, and separation
of the technology specific content from the abstract model, all UML models have been updated.
— Original requirements “drafted as normative shall statements” were rechecked for consistency
with the model. Where necessary the requirements were revised or retained as regular text.
— Significant editorial revisions have been carried out, clarifying the structure of the document,
correction of errors, and following current ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 for drafting specifications.
ISO 19116:2019(E)
In accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2018, Rules for the structure and drafting of
International Standards, in International Standards the decimal sign is a comma on the line. However,
the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures) at its
meeting in 2003 passed unanimously the following resolution:
“The decimal marker shall be either a point on the line or a comma on the line.”
In practice, the choice between these alternatives depends on customary use in the language concerned.
In the technical areas of geodesy and geographic information it is customary for the decimal point
always to be used, for all languages. That practice is used throughout this document.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
Introduction
Positioning services are among the processing services identified in ISO 19119:2016. Processing
services include services that are computationally oriented and operate upon the elements from the
model domain, rather than being directly integrated in the model domain itself. This document defines
and describes the positioning service.
Positioning services employ a wide variety of technologies that provide position and related information
to a similarly wide variety of applications, as depicted in Figure 1. Although these technologies differ in
many respects, there are important items of information that are common among them and serve the
needs of these application areas, such as the position data, time of observation and its accuracy. Also,
there are items of information that apply only to specific technologies and are sometimes required in
order to make correct use of the positioning results, such as signal strength, geometry factors, and raw
measurements. Therefore, this document includes both general data elements that are applicable to a
wide variety of positioning services and technology specific elements that are relevant to particular
technologies.
Figure 1 — Positioning services overview
Electronic positioning technology can measure the coordinates of a location on or near the Earth with
great speed and accuracy, thereby allowing geographic information systems to be populated with
any number of objects. However, the technologies for position determination have neither a common
structure for expression of position information, nor common structures for expression of accuracy
and reliability. The positioning services interface specified in this document provides data structures
and operations that allow spatially oriented systems to employ positioning technologies with greater
efficiency and interoperability.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19116:2019(E)
Geographic information — Positioning services
1 Scope
This document specifies the data structure and content of an interface that permits communication
between position-providing device(s) and position-using device(s) enabling the position-using device(s)
to obtain and unambiguously interpret position information and determine, based on a measure of
the degree of reliability, whether the resulting position information meets the requirements of the
intended use.
A standardized interface for positioning allows the integration of reliable position information obtained
from non-specific positioning technologies and is useful in various location-focused information
applications, such as surveying, navigation, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and location-
based services (LBS).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19111, Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates
ISO 19115-1, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19157, Geographic information — Data quality
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
absolute accuracy
external accuracy
closeness of reported coordinate values to values accepted as or being true
Note 1 to entry: Where the true coordinate value may not be perfectly known, accuracy is normally tested by
comparison to available values that can best be accepted as true.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.1 modified — NOTES 1 and 2 have been deleted and replaced by a
new Note 1 to entry.]
ISO 19116:2019(E)
3.2
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
Note 1 to entry: For positioning services, the test result is a measured value or set of values.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1, modified — NOTES 1, 2 and 3 have been deleted and replaced by a
new Note 1 to entry.]
3.3
attitude
orientation of a body, described by the angles between the axes of that body’s coordinate system and
the axes of an external coordinate system
Note 1 to entry: In positioning services, this is usually the orientation of the user’s platform, such as an aircraft,
boat, or automobile.
3.4
coordinate
one of a sequence of numbers designating the position of a point
Note 1 to entry: In a spatial coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.5]
3.5
coordinate conversion
coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates
in a target coordinate reference system in which both coordinate reference systems are based on the
same datum
Note 1 to entry: A coordinate conversion uses parameters which have specified values.
EXAMPLE 1 A mapping of ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates using a map projection.
EXAMPLE 2 Change of units such as from radians to degrees or from feet to metres.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.6]
3.6
coordinate operation
process using a mathematical model, based on a one-to-one relationship, that changes coordinates in
a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a target coordinate reference system, or that
changes coordinates at a source coordinate epoch to coordinates at a target coordinate epoch within
the same coordinate reference system
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.8]
3.7
coordinate reference system
coordinate system that is related to an object by a datum
Note 1 to entry: Geodetic and vertical datums are referred to as reference frames.
Note 2 to entry: For geodetic and vertical reference frames, the object will be the Earth. In planetary applications,
geodetic and vertical reference frames may be applied to other celestial bodies.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.9]
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
3.8
coordinate system
set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.11]
3.9
coordinate transformation
coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates
in a target coordinate reference system in which the source and target coordinate reference systems
are based on different datums
Note 1 to entry: A coordinate transformation uses parameters which are derived empirically. Any error in those
coordinates will be embedded in the coordinate transformation and when the coordinate transformation is
applied the embedded errors are transmitted to output coordinates.
Note 2 to entry: A coordinate transformation is colloquially sometimes referred to as a 'datum transformation'.
This is erroneous. A coordinate transformation changes coordinate values. It does not change the definition
of the datum. In this document coordinates are referenced to a coordinate reference system. A coordinate
transformation operates between two coordinate reference systems, not between two datums.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.12]
3.10
datum
reference frame
parameter or set of parameters that realize the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a
coordinate system
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.15]
3.11
height
distance of a point from a chosen reference surface positive upward along a line perpendicular to
that surface
Note 1 to entry: A height below the reference surface will have a negative value.
Note 2 to entry: Generalisation of ellipsoidal height (h) and gravity-related height (H).
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.38]
3.12
inertial positioning system
positioning system employing accelerometers, gyroscopes, and computers as integral components to
determine coordinates of points or objects relative to an initial known reference point
3.13
instant
0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time
Note 1 to entry: The geometry of time is discussed in ISO 19108:2002.
[SOURCE: ISO 19108:2002, 4.1.17]
3.14
integrated positioning system
positioning system incorporating two or more positioning technologies
Note 1 to entry: The measurements produced by each positioning technology in an integrated system may be of
any position, motion, or attitude. There may be redundant measurements. When combined, a unified position,
motion, or attitude is determined.
ISO 19116:2019(E)
3.15
linear positioning system
positioning system that measures distance from a reference point along a route (feature)
EXAMPLE An odometer used in conjunction with predefined mile or kilometre origin points along a route
and provides a linear reference to a position.
3.16
map projection
coordinate conversion from an ellipsoidal coordinate system to a plane
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.40]
3.17
measurement precision
precision
closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate
measurements on the same or similar objects under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Measurement precision is usually expressed numerically by measures of imprecision, such as
standard deviation, variance, or coefficient of variation under the specified conditions of measurement.
Note 2 to entry: The "specified conditions" can be, for example, repeatability conditions of measurement,
intermediate precision conditions of measurement, or reproducibility conditions of measurement (see
ISO 5725-3).
Note 3 to entry: Measurement precision is used to define measurement repeatability, intermediate measurement
precision, and measurement reproducibility.
Note 4 to entry: Sometimes "measurement precision" is erroneously used to mean measurement accuracy.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15]
3.18
motion
change in the position of an object over time, represented by change of coordinate values with respect
to a particular reference frame
EXAMPLE This may be motion of the position sensor mounted on a vehicle or other platform or motion of an
object being tracked by a positioning system.
3.19
operating conditions
parameters influencing the determination of coordinate values by a positioning system
Note 1 to entry: Measurements acquired in the field are affected by many instrumental and environmental
factors, including meteorological conditions, computational methods and constraints, imperfect instrument
construction, incomplete instrument adjustment or calibration, and, in the case of optical measuring systems,
the personal bias of the observer. Solutions for positions may be affected by the geometric relationships of the
observed data and/or mathematical model employed in the processing software.
3.20
optical positioning system
positioning system that determines the position of an object by means of the properties of light
EXAMPLE Total Station: Commonly used term for an integrated optical positioning system incorporating
an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance-measuring instrument into a single unit with an internal
microprocessor for automatic computations.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
3.21
performance indicator
internal parameters of positioning systems indicative of the level of performance achieved
Note 1 to entry: Performance indicators can be used as quality-control evidence of the positioning system and/or
positioning solution. Internal quality control may include such factors as signal strength of received radio signals
[signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)], figures indicating the dilution of precision (DOP) due to geometric constraints in
radiolocation systems, and system-specific figure of merit (FOM).
3.22
positional accuracy
closeness of coordinate value to the true or accepted value in a specified reference system
Note 1 to entry: The phrase “absolute accuracy” is sometimes used for this concept to distinguish it from relative
positional accuracy. Where the true coordinate value may not be perfectly known, accuracy is normally tested by
comparison to available values that can best be accepted as true.
3.23
positional reliability
degree to which a positioning service provides agreed or expected absolute accuracy during a defined
instant under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The wording of the definition has been adopted from ISO/IEC 16350:2015, 4.29.
3.24
positioning system
system of instrumental and computational components for determining position
EXAMPLE Inertial, integrated, linear, optical and satellite are examples of positioning systems.
3.25
relative position
position of a point with respect to the positions of other points
Note 1 to entry: The spatial relationship of one point relative to another may be one-, two- or three-dimensional.
3.26
relative accuracy
internal accuracy
closeness of the relative positions of features in a data set to their respective relative positions accepted
as or being true
Note 1 to entry: Closely related terms, such as local accuracy, are employed in various countries, agencies and
application groups. Where such terms are utilized, it is necessary to provide a description of the term.
Note 2 to entry: The wording of the definition is from ISO 19157: 2013, 7.3.4, and was later added as a terminology
entry by ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.32.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.23 modified — NOTE 1 has been deleted and replaced by a new Note
1 to entry, a new Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.27
satellite positioning system
positioning system based upon receipt of signals broadcast from satellites
Note 1 to entry: In this context, satellite positioning implies the use of radio signals transmitted from “active”
artificial objects orbiting the Earth and received by “passive” instruments on or near the Earth’s surface to
determine position, velocity, and/or attitude of an object.
EXAMPLE GPS and GLONASS are types of satellite positioning system platforms.
ISO 19116:2019(E)
3.28
uncertainty
parameter, associated with the result of measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of values that
could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: When the quality of accuracy or precision of measured values, such as coordinates, is to be
characterized quantitatively, the quality parameter is an estimate of the uncertainty of the measurement results.
Because accuracy is a qualitative concept, one should not use it quantitatively, that is associate numbers with it;
numbers should be associated with measures of uncertainty instead.
3.29
unit of measure
reference quantity chosen from a unit equivalence group
Note 1 to entry: In positioning services, the usual units of measurement are either angular units or linear units.
Implementations of positioning services shall clearly distinguish between SI units and non-SI units. When non-SI
units are employed, their relation to SI units shall be specified.
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, backwards compatibility, UML notation, and
packages
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms
BDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
C/A Coarse/Acquisition code transmissions of the GPS and GLONASS
CRS Coordinate Reference System
DOP Dilution of Precision
DGPS Differential GPS
FOM Figure of Merit
Galileo Galileo GNSS
GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision
GIS Geographic Information System
GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision
Ln Signal transmission in a specified portion of the L band of the radio spectrum;
suffix “n” indicates portion of the band for a defined frequency such as GPS L1 or
GLONASS L1
LORAN-C LOcation and RANging radiolocation system
NADyy North American Datum; suffix “yy” indicates last two digits of year
NAVIC Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
NFC Near Field Communication
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association
PDOP Positional Dilution of Precision
PPS Precise Positioning Service of a Global Navigation Satellite System
QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (Japan)
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
RINEX Receiver INdependent EXchange Format
RMS Root Mean Square
RMSE Root Mean Square Error
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
SI Système International d’unités (International System of Units)
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SV Space Vehicle
TDOP Time Dilution of Precision
UML Unified Modeling Language
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision
4.2 Backwards compatibility
Backwards compatibility issues were carefully considered during the revision process. However, due to
the age of the document and the significant revisions of related standards, various technical revisions
were necessary in carrying out the revision work.
Following ISO/TC 211 guidelines for modular standards development, requirements that were
written directly into the clause paragraphs of ISO 19116:2004 were identified and then reformatted
into independent requirements text and formatted as such. Later, as the models were updated, these
requirements were rechecked for consistency with the model. Where necessary the requirements were
revised or retained as regular text.
4.3 UML notation
In this document, conceptual schemas are presented in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The user
shall refer to ISO 19103 for the specific profile of UML used in this document.
4.4 UML packages
UML packages used in this document are shown in Table 1. Like the original version of ISO 19116:2004,
this revised version retains the two letter prefixes used to denote the package that contains a class.
These prefixes precede class names, connected by a “_”. A list of these prefixes is shown in Table 1,
together with a reference to the reference standard in which these classes are located.
ISO 19116:2019(E)
Table 1 — UML packages used in this document
Prefix Description Reference standard
CI Citation ISO 19115-1
DQ Data quality ISO 19157
MD Metadata ISO 19115-1
PS Positioning services this document
5 Conformance
5.1 Overview
This document defines three categories of conformance:
a) Conceptual model — conformance tests for the conceptual model;
b) Requirements — conformance tests for requirements;
c) Operations — conformance tests for operations.
Any positioning service implementation or product claiming conformance with this document shall pass
all conformance requirements described in the corresponding abstract test suite defined in Annex A.
5.2 Conformance requirements
Table 2 lists the conformance classes URI for the conceptual model defined in this document.
Table 2 — Conformance classes defined in this document
a
Conformance class URI Standardization target References
/conf/conceptual-model Conceptual model A.2
/conf/requirements Requirements A.3
/conf/operations Operations A.4
a
All conformance class URIs are HTTP URIs, with the prefix http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2.
5.3 Structure of requirements clauses
Table 3 lists the conformance class URI identifiers for each specific group of requirements by class.
Table 3 — Identifier URIs for the requirements defined in this document
Requirement Identifier
Req. 1 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _system
Req. 2 – Req. 7 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _observationmode
Req. 8 – Req. 9 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _observation
Req. 10 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _qualitymode
Req. 11 – Req. 13 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _positioningservice
Req. 14 – Req. 15 http:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2/ req/ ps _reliabilitytable
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 19116:2019(E)
6 Positioning services model
6.1 Overview
Positioning services provide a means to obtain position information regarding a point or object. Data
communication with a positioning service is structured using the following four classes:
a) System information — held in the PS_System class, identifies the system and its capabilities;
b) Session information — held in the PS_Session class, identifies a session of system operation;
c) Mode information — held in the PS_ObservationMode class, identifies the configuration used
in each mode of operation, the positioning observations (results)
...