Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery — Part 1: Noise control strategies

This document outlines strategies to be used in dealing with noise problems in existing and planned workplaces by describing basic concepts in noise control (noise reduction, noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure). It is applicable to all types of workplaces and all types of sources of sound which are met in workplaces, including human activities. It includes those important strategies to adopt when buying a new machine or equipment. This document deals only with audible sound.

Acoustique — Pratique recommandée pour la conception de lieux de travail à bruit réduit contenant des machines — Partie 1: Stratégies de maîtrise du bruit

Le présent document présente les stratégies à mettre en œuvre pour traiter les problèmes de bruit sur les lieux de travail existants ou en projet, en s'appuyant sur des concepts de base liés à la maîtrise du bruit (maîtrise du bruit, émission sonore, bruit ambiant et exposition au bruit). Il s'applique à tous les types de lieux de travail et de sources de bruit rencontrées sur les lieux de travail, activités humaines comprises. Il inclut les stratégies importantes à adopter lors de l'achat d'une nouvelle machine ou d'un nouvel équipement. Le présent document ne traite que des sons audibles.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
02-Nov-2020
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
30-Oct-2020
Due Date
22-Oct-2021
Completion Date
03-Nov-2020
Ref Project

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11690-1
Second edition
2020-10
Acoustics — Recommended practice
for the design of low-noise workplaces
containing machinery —
Part 1:
Noise control strategies
Acoustique — Pratique recommandée pour la conception de lieux de
travail à bruit réduit contenant des machines —
Partie 1: Stratégies de maîtrise du bruit
Reference number
ISO 11690-1:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General noise descriptors . 1
3.2 Noise emission descriptors . 2
3.3 Noise immission and noise exposure . 4
3.4 Noise reduction . 6
4 Basic concepts in noise control .11
4.1 Basic noise control strategy .11
4.2 Concept of noise reduction .11
5 Assessment of the noise situation .12
5.1 Quantities for noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure .12
5.1.1 Noise emission quantities [see 3.2 and Figure 1 a)] .12
5.1.2 Noise immission and noise exposure quantities [see 3.3 and Figures 1 b),
1 c) and 2] .12
5.2 Description of the noise situation .13
5.3 Use of noise information sheets and noise maps .14
6 Parties involved .15
7 How to tackle noise problems in workplaces .15
7.1 Noise control objectives .15
7.2 Principles of noise control planning for new and existing workplaces .16
7.2.1 General.16
7.2.2 Preliminary planning and design stage .17
7.2.3 Planning and design stage .17
7.2.4 Implementation stage.18
7.2.5 Assessment and acceptance stage .19
7.3 Dealing with existing noise problems .19
8 What to do before buying a new machine .19
8.1 Questions that a potential buyer should consider .19
8.2 What information to request from potential suppliers .20
8.3 Declared and additional noise emission values . .22
8.4 Meaning and use of noise emission values .22
8.5 Requirements for noise immission levels .23
8.6 Verification of declared noise emission and/or noise immission levels .23
8.7 Developments .23
9 Noise prediction as a planning tool.24
10 Long-term noise control programme .24
Bibliography .27
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
TC 211, Acoustics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11690-1:1996), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are editorial.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11690 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Introduction
Several standards specify methods for measurement and/or evaluation of noise. The final objective of
the ISO 11690 series is noise reduction.
A number of noise control measures are offered. However, in order to be effective, the most appropriate
noise control measure(s) should be chosen for a given situation.
It is important when non-acoustic engineers are involved in noise control practice for these engineers
to have a basic knowledge of noise emission and propagation characteristics and to understand the
basic principles of noise control.
To assist in the development of noise control in the workplace, it is essential that the information
contained in these recommended practices is disseminated through International Standards.
In order to reduce noise as a hazard in the workplace, individual countries have produced national
legislation. Generally, such national legislation requires noise control measures to be carried out in
order to achieve the lowest reasonable levels of noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure,
taking into account:
— known available measures;
— the state of the art regarding technical progress;
— the treatment of noise at source;
— appropriate planning, procurement and installation of machines and equipment.
This part of ISO 11690, together with the two other parts in the series, outlines procedures to be
considered when dealing with noise control at workplaces, within workrooms and in the open. These
recommended practices give in relatively simple terms the basic information necessary for all parties
involved in noise control in workplaces and in the design of low-noise workplaces to promote the
understanding of the desired noise control requirements.
The purpose of the ISO 11690 series is to bridge the gap between existing literature on noise control and
the practical implementation of noise control measures. In principle, the series applies to all workplaces
and its main function is:
— to provide simple, brief information on some aspects of noise control in workplaces;
— to act as a guide to help in the understanding of requirements in standards, directives, text books,
manuals, reports and other specialized technical documents;
— to provide assistance in decision making when assessing the various measures available.
The ISO 11690 series should be useful to persons such as plant personnel, health and safety officers,
engineers, managers, staff in planning and purchasing departments, architects and suppliers of plants,
machines and equipment. However, the above-mentioned parties should keep in mind that adherence
to the recommendations of the ISO 11690 series is not all that is necessary to create a safe workplace.
The effects of noise on health, well-being and human activity are many. By giving guidelines for noise
control strategies and measures, the ISO 11690 series aims at a reduction of the impact of noise on
human beings at workplaces. Assessment of the impact of noise on human beings is dealt with in other
documents.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11690-1:2020(E)
Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-
noise workplaces containing machinery —
Part 1:
Noise control strategies
1 Scope
This document outlines strategies to be used in dealing with noise problems in existing and planned
workplaces by describing basic concepts in noise control (noise reduction, noise emission, noise
immission and noise exposure). It is applicable to all types of workplaces and all types of sources of
sound which are met in workplaces, including human activities.
It includes those important strategies to adopt when buying a new machine or equipment.
This document deals only with audible sound.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General noise descriptors
3.1.1
sound pressure level
L
p
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the mean-square sound pressure p, in pascals, to
the square of a reference value, p
0
2
 
p
L =10lg dB
 
p
 2 
p
 
0
where the reference value, p , is 20 µPa
0
Note 1 to entry: The sound pressure level is the main quantity to describe the noise at a given point. It is expressed
in decibels and should be measured with a standardized sound level meter (see IEC 61672-1).
Note 2 to entry: The frequency weighting (A or C) or the width of the frequency band and the time weighting
(S [slow], F [fast], I [impulse] or peak) used should be indicated.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Note 3 to entry: For example, the C-weighted sound pressure level with time weighting peak is L .
pC,peak
Note 4 to entry: The notation L is used whether the sound pressure level refers to emission (see 3.2), immission
p
or exposure (see 3.3).
3.1.2
equivalent continuous sound pressure level
L
peq,T
sound pressure level of a continuous steady sound that within a measurement time interval, T, has the
same mean square sound pressure as a sound under consideration which varies with time, and is the
level of the mean square sound pressure over a time interval
T
 
1
01, Lt()
p
 
L =10lg 10 ddt B
pTeq, ∫
T
 
 0 
Note 1 to entry: Equivalent continuous sound pressure level is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: The equivalent continuous sound pressure level is the main quantity to assess the immission at
work stations and the exposure of persons.
Note 3 to entry: When immission or exposure is considered, impulse and tone adjustments, DL and DL , in
I T
decibels, may be used to take into account the influence of impulsive and tonal components (L + DL + DL )
pA,eq,T I T
(see ISO 1996-1, ISO 1996-2 and ISO 1999).
Note 4 to entry: Subscript “eq,T” is often omitted because in all cases considered in this document the sound
pressure is determined over a certain measurement time interval (see IEC 61672-1).
3.1.3
work station
position, in the vicinity of a machine, which can be occupied by the operator or a position where a task
is carried out
3.2 Noise emission descriptors
3.2.1
noise emission
airborne sound radiated into the environment from a defined source (machine or equipment)
[see Figure 1 a)]
3.2.2
sound power level
L
W
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power P, in watts, radiated by the sound
source under test to the reference sound power P = 1 pW
0
Note 1 to entry: Sound power level is expressed in decibels and is a descriptor of the emission of a sound source
(see the ISO 3740 and ISO 9614 series). The frequency weighting or the width of the frequency band used should
be indicated.
Note 2 to entry: For example, the A-weighted sound power level is L .
WA
3.2.3
emission sound pressure level
L
p
sound pressure level caused by a sound source under test at its work station or at any other specified
position
Note 1 to entry: Emission sound pressure level is expressed in decibels (dB) and is an additional descriptor of the
emission of a sound source (see ISO 11200 to ISO 11204).
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Note 2 to entry: The frequency weighting and/or the time weighting or the width of the frequency band used
shall be indicated.
Note 3 to entry: For example, the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level is L .
pC,peak
Note 4 to entry: The A-weighted emission sound pressure level is often averaged over an operational period of a
sound source; it is denoted L .
pA
3.2.4
surface sound pressure level
L
pA,d
A-weighted sound pressure level averaged on an energy basis over a measurement surface at a distance
d from the sound source
Note 1 to entry: When d = 1 m, it is usually noted L .
pA,1m
3.2.5
measured noise emission value
L
any of the A-weighted sound power level, the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level,
or the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, determined from measurements
Note 1 to entry: Measured values may be determined either for a single machine or from the average of a number
of machines.
Note 2 to entry: Measured noise emission value is expressed in decibels and is not rounded.
3.2.6
noise emission declaration
information on the noise emitted by the machine, given by the manufacturer or the supplier in technical
documents or other literature, concerning noise emission values
Note 1 to entry: The noise emission declaration may take the form of either the declared single-number noise
emission value or the declared dual-number noise emission value.
3.2.7
uncertainty
K
value of the measurement uncertainty associated with a measured noise emission value
Note 1 to entry: Uncertainty is expressed in decibels and is not rounded.
3.2.8
declared single-number noise emission value
L
d
sum of a measured noise emission value, L, and the associated uncertainty, K, rounded to the nearest
decibel (dB)
L = L + K
d
3.2.9
declared dual-number noise emission value
L and K
measured noise emission value, L, and its associated uncertainty, K, both rounded to the nearest decibel
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

3.3 Noise immission and noise exposure
3.3.1
noise immission at a work station
all noises that arrive, whether or not a worker is present, over a specific time period T, at a measuring
point (work station) in the actual situation; i.e. noise coming from the machine, noise coming from the
other sound sources and noise reflected by the ceiling, the walls and any fittings [see Figure 1 b)]
Note 1 to entry: T can be the duration of a measurement, an operating cycle of a machine, a process, the duration
a worker is usually present at or near the measurement point, or the duration of the workshift.
3.3.2
noise exposure of a person
all noises that arrive, over a specific time period T, at a person’s ear in the actual situation [see Figure 1 c)
and Figure 2]
3.3.3
noise immission and noise exposure descriptors
equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level normalized to a nominal working day, L
pTAe,,q
0
in decibels
LL=+10lg TT/ dB
()
pTAe,,qApT,,eq e 0
0 e
where T is the reference duration (e.g. 8 h) and T is the duration of the workshift
0 e
Note 1 to entry: Immission is measured at the work station. Exposure is measured at the ear of the person.
Note 2 to entry: L can result from the energetic summation of immission or exposure values, L ,
pTAe,,q pTAe,,q
0 i
measured over individual time periods T , with ∑=TT .
i
i e
Note 3 to entry: In some countries, a rating level L is used:
pAr,
LL=+DL +DL dB
ppAr,,AeqI,T T
0
where DL and DL describe impulsive and tonal components.
I T


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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

a) Noise emission; sound radiation of a machine:
— machine related
— specified operating conditions
— independent of environment
b) Noise immission: sound impact at the work
station:
— work station related
— real operation
— dependendent on immission time
— contribution from all sound sources
c) Noise exposure; sound impact on human beings:
— person related [at one or several work stations
or for a person moving around (see Figure 2)]
— real operation
— dependent on exposure time
— contribution from all sound sources
Figure 1 — Illustration of the difference between noise emission, noise immission and noise
exposure (see also Figure 2)
Figure 2 — Illustration of noise exposure for a person moving around
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

3.4 Noise reduction
3.4.1
sound reduction index
R
descriptor of transmission loss defined as ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound
power incident on a test specimen to the sound transmitted through the test specimen (see Figure 3.)
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in decibels and is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: Methods for determining the insulation of walls, doors, ceilings and windows are described in
ISO 10140 (all parts) and in ISO 717-1.
Key
1 reflection
2 absorption
3 transmission
NOTE A proportion of the sound which is incident on a partition or wall is reflected, a proportion is
transformed into heat (i.e. is absorbed) and a proportion goes through the wall to the other side (i.e. is
transmitted). The sound insulation of the wall determines what proportion of the incident sound is transmitted.
Figure 3 — Illustration of reflection, absorption and transmission at a boundary
3.4.2
sound absorption coefficient
α
fraction of the acoustic energy absorbed when sound waves strike a surface
Note 1 to entry: The sound absorption coefficient is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: A single number rating is given in ISO 11654.
3.4.3
equivalent absorption area
A
area, in square meters, obtained by summing the products α S
i i
AS=+αα SS+=. α
11 22
where
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

α is the absorption coefficient of a partial area, S , of a room surface;
i i
S is the total room area =∑S ;
()
i
α
is the mean absorption coefficient of the room
3.4.4
insertion loss
D
i
difference in sound power level or emission sound pressure level with and without a noise control
device applied to a sound source
Note 1 to entry: Insertion loss is frequency dependent and is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: The A-weighted insertion loss is always related to a given source.
Note 3 to entry: The insertion loss is used to assess the acoustical performance of enclosures (see ISO 11546-1
and ISO 11546-2), screens (see ISO 10053 and ISO 11821) and silencers (see ISO 7235, ISO 11691 and ISO 11820).
3.4.5
reduction of sound pressure level at a work station
result of a set of noise reduction measures described by the difference in noise immission levels
Note 1 to entry: For example, L – L , where numeral 1 means before and numeral 2 means after
pA,eq,8h,1 pA,eq,8h,2
technical measures for reduction have been taken.
3.4.6
direct sound
sound which propagates directly from the source to the point of observation
Note 1 to entry: No reflection of sound is involved so it is not affected by the characteristics of the room in which
the source is located.
3.4.7
reflected sound
sound at any point in a room, resulting from reflections from room surfaces and fittings, and excluding
the direct sound
3.4.8
diffuse-field conditions
sound propagation in rooms or regions of rooms where the sound is reflected so often and uniformly
from all surfaces of the room and the fittings that the sound pressure level of the reflected sound is the
same at any point inside the region
3.4.9
non-diffuse-field conditions
sound propagation in rooms or regions of rooms where sound does not propagate uniformly in all
directions
Note 1 to entry: Non-diffuse-field conditions are the case if
— the ratio of any two dimensions out of the three is more than three, or
— the absorption of the surfaces of the room is notably non-uniformly distributed (e.g. a room with hard walls
and absorbent ceiling), or
— the absorption is high.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

3.4.10
reverberation time
T
60
time, in seconds, it takes for the sound pressure level in a room (originally in a steady state) to decrease
60 dB after the source is turned off (See Figure 4)
Note 1 to entry: The reverberation time is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: It is useful for describing the acoustic properties of rooms with a diffuse sound field; room
volume must be taken into account.
3.4.11
spatial sound distribution curve
curve which shows how the sound pressure level from a reference sound source decreases when the
distance to the source increases
Note 1 to entry: Spatial sound distribution curves are frequency dependent and characterize the acoustic
properties of rooms. In some cases, several spatial sound distribution curves are necessary to characterize a room.
Note 2 to entry: From this curve and for a given range of distances from the source, two main quantities are
determined (see Figure 5):
— the rate of spatial decay per distance doubling (DL ), and
2
— the excess of sound pressure level (DL ).
f
Three distance ranges are normally of interest: near, middle and far regions. These two quantities (DL , DL ) are
2 f
useful for assessing the acoustic quality of a room.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Key
X time, in s
Y sound pressure level, in dB
T reverberation time
Figure 4 — Idealized time history of sound pressure level after the sound source is turned off
3.4.12
rate of spatial decay of sound pressure levels per distance doubling
DL
2
amount, in decibels, by which the sound pressure level decreases over a given range of distances, when
the distance from the source is doubled (see Figure 5)
3.4.13
excess of sound pressure level
DL
f
average difference, in decibels, over a given distance range, between the spatial sound distribution
curve of the room and the spatial sound distribution curve for a free field (6 dB per distance doubling)
(see Figure 5)
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ISO 11690-1:2020(E)

Key
X distance from source
Y sound pressure level, L , in dB
p
1 near region
2 middle region
3 far region
4 spatial sound distribution curve
5 without reflections (free field)
Figure 5 — Example of:
(i) a spatial sound distribution curve for a room and for the free field;
(ii) the three ranges of distances;
(iii) the determination of the spatial decay (DL); and
2
(iv) the excess (DL ) of sound pressure level
f
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ISO 11690-1:20
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 11690-1
Deuxième édition
2020-10
Acoustique — Pratique recommandée
pour la conception de lieux de
travail à bruit réduit contenant des
machines —
Partie 1:
Stratégies de maîtrise du bruit
Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise
workplaces containing machinery —
Part 1: Noise control strategies
Numéro de référence
ISO 11690-1:2020(F)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2020
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
3.1 Descripteurs généraux du bruit . 1
3.2 Descripteurs de l’émission sonore . 2
3.3 Bruit ambiant et exposition au bruit . 4
3.4 Réduction du bruit . 5
4 Concepts de base relatifs à la maîtrise du bruit .10
4.1 Stratégie de base en matière de maîtrise du bruit .10
4.2 Concept de réduction du bruit .10
5 Évaluation de la situation sur le plan du bruit .11
5.1 Grandeurs décrivant l’émission sonore, le bruit ambiant et l’exposition au bruit .11
5.1.1 Grandeurs d’émission sonore [voir 3.2 et Figure 1 a)] .11
5.1.2 Grandeurs décrivant le bruit ambiant et l’exposition au bruit [voir 3.3 et
Figures 1 b), 1 c) et 2] .12
5.2 Description de la situation sur le plan du bruit .12
5.3 Utilisation de fiches d’information sur le bruit et de cartes de bruit .14
6 Parties concernées .15
7 Comment aborder les problèmes de bruit sur les lieux de travail .15
7.1 Objectifs de la maîtrise du bruit .15
7.2 Principes de planification de la maîtrise du bruit sur les lieux de travail en projet
ou existants .16
7.2.1 Généralités .16
7.2.2 Stade de planification et de conception préliminaires.17
7.2.3 Stade de planification et de conception .18
7.2.4 Stade de la mise en œuvre .19
7.2.5 Stade de l’évaluation et de l’acceptation .19
7.3 Traitement des problèmes de bruit existants .19
8 Que faire avant d’acheter une nouvelle machine .20
8.1 Questions qu’il est recommandé à un acheteur potentiel de se poser .20
8.2 Quelles informations demander aux fournisseurs potentiels .20
8.3 Valeurs déclarées et valeurs complémentaires d’émission sonore .23
8.4 Signification et utilisation des valeurs d’émission sonore .23
8.5 Exigences relatives aux niveaux de bruit ambiant .24
8.6 Vérification des niveaux déclarés d’émission sonore et/ou de bruit ambiant .24
8.7 Développements .24
9 La prévision du bruit en tant qu’outil de planification .25
10 Programme de maîtrise du bruit à long terme .26
Bibliographie .28
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/ avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 43, Acoustique, sous-comité SC 1,
Bruit, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 211, Acoustique, du Comité européen de
normalisation (CEN), conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord
de Vienne).
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 11690-1:1996), qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision mineure. Les modifications par rapport à l’édition précédente sont rédactionnelles.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 11690 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/ fr/ members .html.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

Introduction
Plusieurs normes spécifient des méthodes de mesure et/ou d’évaluation du bruit. La série ISO 11690 a
quant à elle pour objectif final la réduction du bruit.
Il existe un certain nombre de moyens de maîtrise du bruit. Néanmoins, dans un but d’efficacité, il
convient de choisir le ou les moyens de maîtrise du bruit les plus appropriés à une situation donnée.
Lorsque des ingénieurs non experts dans le domaine acoustique sont impliqués dans la pratique de la
maîtrise du bruit, il est important qu’ils disposent de connaissances de base sur les caractéristiques
d’émission et de propagation du son, et qu’ils comprennent les principes fondamentaux de la maîtrise
du bruit.
Afin de contribuer au développement de la maîtrise du bruit sur les lieux de travail, il est essentiel
que les informations contenues dans ces pratiques recommandées soient diffusées par des Normes
internationales.
Afin de diminuer les risques dus au bruit sur les lieux de travail, différents pays ont promulgué leurs
propres législations nationales. En général, ces législations exigent la mise en œuvre de moyens de
maîtrise du bruit permettant d’obtenir les niveaux d’émission sonore, de bruit ambiant et d’exposition
au bruit les plus bas possible, en tenant compte:
— des moyens techniques disponibles connus;
— de l’état actuel des progrès techniques;
— du traitement du bruit à la source;
— de la planification, de l’achat et de l’installation appropriés des machines et des équipements.
La présente partie de l’ISO 11690, ainsi que les deux autres parties de cette série, présentent les
procédures à prendre en compte dans la lutte contre le bruit sur les lieux de travail, tant à l’intérieur des
locaux de travail qu’à l’air libre. Ces pratiques recommandées fournissent, dans des termes relativement
simples, les informations fondamentales nécessaires à toutes les parties concernées par la maîtrise du
bruit sur les lieux de travail et par la conception de lieux de travail à bruit réduit afin de faciliter la
compréhension des exigences souhaitées en matière de maîtrise du bruit.
L’objectif de la série ISO 11690 est de combler l’écart qui existe entre la littérature actuelle consacrée
à la maîtrise du bruit et la mise en œuvre pratique de moyens de maîtrise du bruit. En principe, cette
série s’applique à tous les lieux de travail, sa fonction principale étant de:
— fournir des informations simples et brèves sur certains aspects de la maîtrise du bruit sur les lieux
de travail;
— tenir lieu de guide facilitant la compréhension des exigences contenues dans les normes, directives,
ouvrages de référence, manuels, rapports et autres documents techniques spécialisés;
— aider à la prise de décision lors de l’évaluation des différents moyens disponibles.
La série ISO 11690 est destinée au personnel d’usine, aux agents chargés de l’hygiène et de la sécurité, aux
ingénieurs, aux cadres dirigeants, au personnel des bureaux d’étude et services achat, aux architectes,
et aux fournisseurs d’installations, de machines et d’équipements. Cependant, il convient que les parties
concernées mentionnées ci-dessus gardent à l’esprit que la seule application des recommandations
données dans la série ISO 11690 ne suffit pas pour créer un lieu de travail sûr.
Les effets du bruit sur la santé, le bien-être et l’activité humaine sont nombreux. En fournissant un
cadre directeur pour les stratégies et les moyens de maîtrise du bruit, la série ISO 11690 a pour objectif
de réduire l’impact du bruit sur les personnes sur leur lieu de travail. L’évaluation de l’impact du bruit
sur les personnes est traitée dans d’autres documents.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 11690-1:2020(F)
Acoustique — Pratique recommandée pour la conception
de lieux de travail à bruit réduit contenant des machines —
Partie 1:
Stratégies de maîtrise du bruit
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document présente les stratégies à mettre en œuvre pour traiter les problèmes de bruit sur
les lieux de travail existants ou en projet, en s’appuyant sur des concepts de base liés à la maîtrise du
bruit (maîtrise du bruit, émission sonore, bruit ambiant et exposition au bruit). Il s’applique à tous les
types de lieux de travail et de sources de bruit rencontrées sur les lieux de travail, activités humaines
comprises.
Il inclut les stratégies importantes à adopter lors de l’achat d’une nouvelle machine ou d’un nouvel
équipement.
Le présent document ne traite que des sons audibles.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 4871, Acoustique — Déclaration et vérification des valeurs d'émission sonore des machines et
équipements
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp;
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/ .
3.1 Descripteurs généraux du bruit
3.1.1
niveau de pression acoustique
L
p
dix fois le logarithme décimal du rapport du carré de la pression acoustique moyenne, p, en pascals, au
carré d’une valeur de référence, p
0
2
 
p
L =10lg dB
 
p
 2 
p
 0 
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

où la valeur de référence, p , est égale à 20 µPa
0
Note 1 à l'article: Le niveau de pression acoustique constitue la grandeur principale pour décrire le bruit en un
point donné. Il est exprimé en décibels et il convient de le mesurer au moyen d’un sonomètre normalisé (voir
IEC 61672-1).
Note 2 à l'article: Il convient d’indiquer la pondération en fréquence (A ou C) ou la largeur de la bande de
fréquences et la pondération temporelle (S [lente], F [rapide], I [impulsive] ou «peak» [crête]) utilisées.
Note 3 à l'article: Par exemple, le niveau de pression acoustique pondéré C avec la pondération temporelle «peak»
(crête) est L .
pC,peak
Note 4 à l'article: La notation L est utilisée, que le niveau de pression acoustique se réfère à l’émission (voir 3.2),
p
au bruit ambiant ou à l’exposition (voir 3.3).
3.1.2
niveau de pression acoustique continu équivalent
L
peq,T
niveau de pression acoustique d’un bruit stable continu qui, sur une durée de mesurage, T, a la même
pression quadratique moyenne que le bruit, variable dans le temps, considéré, et qui correspond au
niveau de la pression acoustique quadratique moyenne dans un intervalle de temps
T
 
1 01, Lt
()
p
 
L =10lg 10 ddt B
pTeq,

T
 
 0 
Note 1 à l'article: Le niveau de pression acoustique continu équivalent est exprimé en décibels.
Note 2 à l'article: Le niveau de pression acoustique continu équivalent constitue la grandeur principale pour
évaluer le bruit ambiant aux postes de travail et l’exposition des personnes.
Note 3 à l'article: Lorsque le bruit ambiant ou l’exposition est considéré(e), des ajustements des composantes
impulsives et tonales, DL et DL , exprimées en décibels, peuvent être utilisés pour prendre en compte l’impact
I T
des composantes impulsives et tonales (L + DL + DL ) (voir ISO 1996-1, ISO 1996-2 et ISO 1999).
pA,eq,T I T
Note 4 à l'article: L’indice «eq,T» est souvent omis, car dans tous les cas considérés dans le présent document, la
pression acoustique est déterminée sur une certaine durée de mesurage (voir IEC 61672-1).
3.1.3
poste de travail
endroit situé à proximité d’une machine pouvant être occupé par l’opérateur, ou endroit où une tâche
est exécutée
3.2 Descripteurs de l’émission sonore
3.2.1
émission sonore
bruit aérien rayonné dans l’environnement par une source définie (machine ou équipement) [voir
Figure 1 a)]
3.2.2
niveau de puissance acoustique
L
W
dix fois le logarithme décimal du rapport de la puissance acoustique, P, en watts, rayonnée par la source
sonore en essai à la puissance acoustique de référence, P = 1 pW
0
Note 1 à l'article: Le niveau de puissance acoustique est exprimé en décibels. Il s’agit d’un descripteur de l’émission
d’une source sonore (voir ISO 3740 et série ISO 9614). Il convient d’indiquer la pondération en fréquence ou la
largeur de la bande de fréquences utilisée.
Note 2 à l'article: Par exemple, le niveau de puissance acoustique pondéré A est L .
WA
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

3.2.3
niveau de pression acoustique d’émission
L
p
niveau de pression acoustique causé par une source sonore en essai au poste de travail ou en toute
autre position spécifiée
Note 1 à l'article: Le niveau de pression acoustique d’émission est exprimé en décibels (dB). Il s’agit d’un
descripteur supplémentaire de l’émission d’une source sonore (voir ISO 11200 à ISO 11204).
Note 2 à l'article: La pondération en fréquence et/ou la pondération temporelle ou la largeur de la bande de
fréquence utilisée(s) doi(ven)t être indiquée(s).
Note 3 à l'article: Par exemple, le niveau de pression acoustique d’émission maximal pondéré C est L .
pC,peak
Note 4 à l'article: Le niveau de pression acoustique d’émission pondéré A est souvent moyenné sur une durée de
fonctionnement d’une source sonore; il est noté L .
pA
3.2.4
niveau de pression acoustique surfacique
L
pA,d
niveau de pression acoustique pondéré A moyenné sur une base énergétique sur une surface de
mesurage située à une distance d de la source sonore
Note 1 à l'article: Lorsque d = 1 m, il est couramment noté L .
pA,1m
3.2.5
valeur mesurée d’émission sonore
L
une quelconque des grandeurs suivantes déterminée à partir de mesurages: niveau de puissance
acoustique pondéré A, niveau de pression acoustique d’émission temporel moyen pondéré A ou niveau
de pression acoustique d’émission maximal pondéré C
Note 1 à l'article: Les valeurs mesurées peuvent provenir soit d’une seule machine, soit d’un moyennage sur un
certain nombre de machines.
Note 2 à l'article: La valeur mesurée d’émission sonore est exprimée en décibels et n’est pas arrondie.
3.2.6
déclaration d’émission sonore
information sur le bruit émis par la machine, donnée par le fabricant ou le fournisseur dans des
documents techniques ou tout autre document, relative aux valeurs d’émission sonore
Note 1 à l'article: La déclaration d’émission sonore peut prendre la forme soit d’une valeur déclarée combinée,
soit d’une valeur déclarée dissociée.
3.2.7
incertitude
K
valeur de l’incertitude de mesure associée à une valeur mesurée d’émission sonore
Note 1 à l'article: L’incertitude est exprimée en décibels et n’est pas arrondie.
3.2.8
valeur d’émission sonore déclarée combinée
L
d
somme d’une valeur mesurée d’émission sonore, L, et de l’incertitude associée, K, arrondie au décibel
entier (dB) le plus proche
L = L + K
d
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

3.2.9
valeur d’émission sonore déclarée dissociée
L et K
valeur mesurée d’émission sonore, L, et l’incertitude associée, K, chacune d’elles étant arrondie au
décibel entier le plus proche
3.3 Bruit ambiant et exposition au bruit
3.3.1
bruit ambiant à un poste de travail
tous les bruits qui arrivent, pendant une durée donnée T, en un point de mesurage (poste de travail),
dans la situation réelle, qu’il y ait ou non un travailleur présent en ce point. Sont inclus les bruits
provenant de la machine et d’autres sources sonores ainsi que les bruits réfléchis par le plafond, les
murs et l’encombrement [voir Figure 1 b)]
Note 1 à l'article: T peut représenter la durée d’un mesurage, d’un cycle de fonctionnement d’une machine, d’un
processus, le temps pendant lequel un travailleur est généralement présent au niveau ou à proximité du point de
mesurage ou la durée de la journée de travail.
3.3.2
exposition d’une personne au bruit
tous les bruits qui parviennent aux oreilles d’une personne dans la situation réelle pendant une durée
donnée T [voir Figure 1 c) et Figure 2]
3.3.3
descripteurs du bruit ambiant et de l’exposition au bruit
niveau de pression acoustique continu équivalent pondéré A normalisé sur une journée de travail
nominale, L , en décibels
pTAe,,q
0
LL=+10lg TT/ dB
()
pTAe,,qApT,,eq e 0
0 e
où T est la durée de référence (par exemple 8 h) et T la durée de la journée de travail
0 e
Note 1 à l'article: Le bruit ambiant est mesuré au niveau du poste de travail. L’exposition est mesurée à l’oreille de
la personne.
Note 2 à l'article: L Peut résulter de la somme énergétique des valeurs de bruit ambiant ou d’exposition,
pTAe,,q
0
L , mesurées sur des durées individuelles T , avec ∑=TT .
i
pTAe,,q i e
i
Note 3 à l'article: Dans certains pays, on utilise un niveau d’évaluation acoustique L exprimé comme suit:
pAr,
LL=+DL +DL dB
ppAr,,AeqI,T T
0
où DL et DL décrivent les composantes impulsives et tonales.
I T
a) Émission sonore (rayonnement sonore d’une machine):
— liée à la machine;
— conditions de fonctionnement spécifiées;
— indépendante de l’environnement.
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

b) Bruit ambiant (impact des ondes sonores
sur le poste de travail):
— lié au poste de travail;
— relatif à l’activité réelle;
— fonction du temps;
— contribution de toutes les sources sonores.
c) Exposition au bruit (impact des ondes sonores sur les
personnes):
— liée à une personne (à un ou plusieurs postes de
travail ou dont le poste est mobile [voir Figure 2)];
— relative à l’activité réelle;
— fonction du temps d’exposition;
— contribution de toutes les sources sonores.
Figure 1 — Illustration de la différence entre émission sonore, bruit ambiant et exposition au
bruit (voir également Figure 2)
Figure 2 — Illustration de l’exposition au bruit d’une personne dont le poste de travail est mobile
3.4 Réduction du bruit
3.4.1
indice d’affaiblissement acoustique
R
descripteur de la perte par transmission définie comme dix fois le logarithme décimal du rapport de la
puissance acoustique incidente sur une éprouvette à la puissance acoustique transmise par l’éprouvette
(voir Figure 3)
Note 1 à l'article: Il est exprimé en décibels et dépend de la fréquence.
Note 2 à l'article: Des méthodes de détermination de l’isolation des murs, des portes, des plafonds et des fenêtres
sont décrites dans l’ISO 10140 (toutes les parties) et dans l’ISO 717-1.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés 5

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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

Légende
1 réflexion
2 absorption
3 transmission
NOTE Une partie du son incident sur une cloison ou une paroi est réfléchie, une partie est transformée
en chaleur (c’est-à-dire absorbée) et une partie traverse la paroi (c’est-à-dire qu’elle est transmise). L’isolation
acoustique de la paroi détermine le pourcentage du son incident qui est transmis.
Figure 3 — Illustration de la réflexion, de l’absorption et de la transmission du son par une paroi
3.4.2
coefficient d’absorption acoustique
α
fraction d’énergie acoustique absorbée lorsque les ondes sonores frappent une surface
Note 1 à l'article: Le coefficient d’absorption acoustique dépend de la fréquence.
Note 2 à l'article: Un indice d’évaluation unique est fourni dans l’ISO 11654.
3.4.3
aire d’absorption équivalente
A
surface, en mètres carrés, obtenue en faisant la somme des produits α S
i i
AS=+αα SS+=. α
11 22

α est le coefficient d’absorption d’une surface partielle, S , de la surface d’un local;
i i
S
est la surface totale du local =∑S ;
()
i
α
est le coefficient d’absorption moyen du local
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ISO 11690-1:2020(F)

3.4.4
perte d’insertion
D
i
variation du niveau de puissance acoustique ou du niveau de pression acoustique d’émission consécutive
à l’application à une source sonore d’un dispositif de maîtrise du bruit
Note 1 à l'article: La perte d’insertion dépend de la fréquence et est exprimée en décibels.
Note 2 à l'article: La perte d’insertion pondérée A est toujours liée à une source donnée.
Note 3 à l'article: La perte d’insertion est utilisée pour évaluer les performances acoustiques des encoffrements
(voir ISO 11546-1 et ISO 11546-2), des écrans (voir ISO 10053 et ISO 11821) et des silencieux (voir ISO 7235,
ISO 11691 et ISO 11820).
3.4.5
réduction du niveau de pression acoustique au poste de travail
résultat de la mise en œuvre d’un ensemble de moyens de réduction du bruit décrit par la différence des
niveaux de bruit ambiant
Note 1 à l'article: Par exemple, L – L ,, où l’indice 1 et l’indice 2 renvoient respectivement à avant et
pA,eq,8h,1 pA,eq,8h,2
après la mise en œuvre des moyens techniques de réduction du bruit.
3.4.6
son direct
son qui se propage directement de la source vers le point d’observation
Note 1 à l'article: Aucune réflexion du son n’est impliquée. Le son direct n’est donc pas influencé par les
caractéristiques du local dans lequel se trouve la source.
3.4.7
son réfléchi
son en un point quelconque d’un local, résultant des réflexions sur les surfaces et l’encombrement du
local, et excluant le son direct
3.4.8
conditions de champ diffus
propagation du son dans des locaux ou dans des zones de locaux où le son est réfléchi par toutes les
parois du local et par son encombrement, si souvent et avec une uniformité telle que le niveau de
pression acoustique du son réfléchi est le même en tout point du local
3.4.9
conditions de champ non diffus
propagation du son dans des locaux ou dans des zones de locaux non uniforme dans toutes les directions
Note 1 à l'article: Les conditions de champ non diffus sont réunies si:
— le rapport de deux dimensions quelconques sur les trois est supérieur à trois; ou
— l’absorption des parois du local est distribuée de façon non uniforme (par exemple locaux à parois dures et
plafond absorbant); ou
— l’absorption est élevée.
3.4.10
durée de réverbération
T
60
temps, en secondes, qu’il faut au niveau de pression acoustique dans un local (initialement à l’état
stationnaire) pour diminuer de 60 dB après l’arrê
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 11690-1
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Acoustics — Recommended practice
Secretariat: DIN
for the design of low-noise workplaces
Voting begins on:
2020-06-24 containing machinery —
Voting terminates on:
Part 1:
2020-09-16
Noise control strategies
Acoustique — Pratique recommandée pour la conception de lieux de
travail à bruit réduit contenant des machines —
Partie 1: Stratégies de réduction du bruit
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020

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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General noise descriptors . 1
3.2 Noise emission descriptors . 2
3.3 Noise immission and noise exposure . 4
3.4 Noise reduction . 6
4 Basic concepts in noise control .11
4.1 Basic noise control strategy .11
4.2 Concept of noise reduction .11
5 Assessment of the noise situation .12
5.1 Quantities for noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure .12
5.1.1 Noise emission quantities [see 3.2 and Figure 1 a)] .12
5.1.2 Noise immission and noise exposure quantities [see 3.3 and Figures 1 b),
1 c) and 2] .12
5.2 Description of the noise situation .13
5.3 Use of noise information sheets and noise maps .14
6 Parties involved .15
7 How to tackle noise problems in workplaces .15
7.1 Noise control objectives .15
7.2 Principles of noise control planning for new and existing workplaces .16
7.2.1 General.16
7.2.2 Preliminary planning and design stage .17
7.2.3 Planning and design stage .17
7.2.4 Implementation stage.18
7.2.5 Assessment and acceptance stage .19
7.3 Dealing with existing noise problems .19
8 What to do before buying a new machine .19
8.1 Questions that a potential buyer should consider .19
8.2 What information to request from potential suppliers .20
8.3 Declared and additional noise emission values . .22
8.4 Meaning and use of noise emission values .22
8.5 Requirements for noise immission levels .23
8.6 Verification of declared noise emission and/or noise immission levels .23
8.7 Developments .23
9 Noise prediction as a planning tool.24
10 Long-term noise control programme .24
Bibliography .27
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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
is o/ f or ewor d . ht m l .
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
TC 211, Acoustics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11690-1:1996), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are editorial.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11690 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

Introduction
Several standards specify methods for measurement and/or evaluation of noise. The final objective of
the ISO 11690 series is noise reduction.
A number of noise control measures are offered. However, in order to be effective, the most appropriate
noise control measure(s) should be chosen for a given situation.
It is important when non-acoustic engineers are involved in noise control practice for these engineers
to have a basic knowledge of noise emission and propagation characteristics and to understand the
basic principles of noise control.
To assist in the development of noise control in the workplace, it is essential that the information
contained in these recommended practices is disseminated through International Standards.
In order to reduce noise as a hazard in the workplace, individual countries have produced national
legislation. Generally, such national legislation requires noise control measures to be carried out in
order to achieve the lowest reasonable levels of noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure,
taking into account:
— known available measures;
— the state of the art regarding technical progress;
— the treatment of noise at source;
— appropriate planning, procurement and installation of machines and equipment.
This part of ISO 11690, together with the two other parts in the series, outlines procedures to be
considered when dealing with noise control at workplaces, within workrooms and in the open. These
recommended practices give in relatively simple terms the basic information necessary for all parties
involved in noise control in workplaces and in the design of low-noise workplaces to promote the
understanding of the desired noise control requirements.
The purpose of the ISO 11690 series is to bridge the gap between existing literature on noise control and
the practical implementation of noise control measures. In principle, the series applies to all workplaces
and its main function is:
— to provide simple, brief information on some aspects of noise control in workplaces;
— to act as a guide to help in the understanding of requirements in standards, directives, text books,
manuals, reports and other specialized technical documents;
— to provide assistance in decision making when assessing the various measures available.
The ISO 11690 series should be useful to persons such as plant personnel, health and safety officers,
engineers, managers, staff in planning and purchasing departments, architects and suppliers of plants,
machines and equipment. However, the above-mentioned parties should keep in mind that adherence
to the recommendations of the ISO 11690 series is not all that is necessary to create a safe workplace.
The effects of noise on health, well-being and human activity are many. By giving guidelines for noise
control strategies and measures, the ISO 11690 series aims at a reduction of the impact of noise on
human beings at workplaces. Assessment of the impact of noise on human beings is dealt with in other
documents.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)
Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-
noise workplaces containing machinery —
Part 1:
Noise control strategies
1 Scope
This document outlines strategies to be used in dealing with noise problems in existing and planned
workplaces by describing basic concepts in noise control (noise reduction, noise emission, noise
immission and noise exposure). It is applicable to all types of workplaces and all types of sources of
sound which are met in workplaces, including human activities.
It includes those important strategies to adopt when buying a new machine or equipment.
This document deals only with audible sound.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General noise descriptors
3.1.1
sound pressure level
L
p
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the mean-square sound pressure p, in pascals, to
the square of a reference value, p
0
2
 
p
L =10lg dB
 
p
 2 
p
 
0
where the reference value, p , is 20 µPa
0
Note 1 to entry: The sound pressure level is the main quantity to describe the noise at a given point. It is expressed
in decibels and shoud be measured with a standardized sound level meter (see IEC 61672-1).
Note 2 to entry: The frequency weighting (A or C) or the width of the frequency band and the time weighting
(S [slow], F [fast], I [impulse] or peak) used should be indicated.
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Note 3 to entry: For example, the C-weighted sound pressure level with time weighting peak is L .
pC,peak
Note 4 to entry: The notation L is used whether the sound pressure level refers to emission (see 3.2), immission
p
or exposure (see 3.3).
3.1.2
equivalent continuous sound pressure level
L
peq,T
sound pressure level of a continuous steady sound that within a measurement time interval, T, has the
same mean square sound pressure as a sound under consideration which varies with time, and is the
level of the mean square sound pressure over a time interval
T
 
1
01, Lt()
p
 
L =10lg 10 ddt B
pTeq, ∫
T
 
 0 
Note 1 to entry: Equivalent continuous sound pressure level is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: The equivalent continuous sound pressure level is the main quantity to assess the immission at
work stations and the exposure of persons.
Note 3 to entry: When immission or exposure is considered, impulse and tone adjustments, DL and DL , in
I T
decibels, may be used to take into account the influence of impulsive and tonal components (L + DL + DL )
pA,eq,T I T
(see ISO 1996-1, ISO 1996-2 and ISO 1999).
Note 4 to entry: Subscript “eq,T” is often omitted because in all cases considered in this document the sound
pressure is determined over a certain measurement time interval (see IEC 61672-1).
3.1.3
work station
position, in the vicinity of a machine, which can be occupied by the operator or a position where a task
is carried out
3.2 Noise emission descriptors
3.2.1
noise emission
airborne sound radiated into the environment from a defined source (machine or equipment)
[see Figure 1 a)]
3.2.2
sound power level
L
W
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power P, in watts, radiated by the sound
source under test to the reference sound power P = 1 pW
0
Note 1 to entry: Sound power level is expressed in decibels and is a descriptor of the emission of a sound source
(see the ISO 3740 and ISO 9614 series). The frequency weighting or the width of the frequency band used should
be indicated.
Note 2 to entry: For example, the A-weighted sound power level is L .
WA
3.2.3
emission sound pressure level
L
p
sound pressure level caused by a sound source under test at its work station or at any other specified
position
Note 1 to entry: Emission sound pressure level is expressed in decibels (dB) and is an additional descriptor of the
emission of a sound source (see ISO 11200 to ISO 11204).
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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

Note 2 to entry: The frequency weighting and/or the time weighting or the width of the frequency band used
shall be indicated.
Note 3 to entry: For example, the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level is L .
pC,peak
Note 4 to entry: The A-weighted emission sound pressure level is often averaged over an operational period of a
sound source; it is denoted L .
pA
3.2.4
surface sound pressure level
L
pA,d
A-weighted sound pressure level averaged on an energy basis over a measurement surface at a distance
d from the sound source
Note 1 to entry: When d = 1 m, it is usually noted L .
pA,1m
3.2.5
measured noise emission value
L
any of the A-weighted sound power level, the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level,
or the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, determined from measurements
Note 1 to entry: Measured values may be determined either for a single machine or from the average of a number
of machines.
Note 2 to entry: Measured noise emission value is expressed in decibels and is not rounded.
3.2.6
noise emission declaration
information on the noise emitted by the machine, given by the manufacturer or the supplier in technical
documents or other literature, concerning noise emission values
Note 1 to entry: The noise emission declaration may take the form of either the declared single-number noise
emission value or the declared dual-number noise emission value.
3.2.7
uncertainty
K
value of the measurement uncertainty associated with a measured noise emission value
Note 1 to entry: Uncertainty is expressed in decibels and is not rounded.
3.2.8
declared single-number noise emission value
L
d
sum of a measured noise emission value, L, and the associated uncertainty, K, rounded to the nearest
decibel (dB)
L = L + K
d
3.2.9
declared dual-number noise emission value
L and K
measured noise emission value, L, and its associated uncertainty, K, both rounded to the nearest decibel
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3.3 Noise immission and noise exposure
3.3.1
noise immission at a work station
all noises that arrive, whether or not a worker is present, over a specific time period T, at a measuring
point (work station) in the actual situation; i.e. noise coming from the machine, noise coming from the
other sound sources and noise reflected by the ceiling, the walls and any fittings [see Figure 1 b)]
Note 1 to entry: T can be the duration of a measurement, an operating cycle of a machine, a process, the duration
a worker is usually present at or near the measurement point, or the duration of the workshift.
3.3.2
noise exposure of a person
all noises that arrive, over a specific time period T, at a person’s ear in the actual situation [see Figure 1 c)
and Figure 2]
3.3.3
noise immission and noise exposure descriptors
equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level normalized to a nominal working day, L
pTAe,,q
0
in decibels
LL=+10lg TT/ dB
()
pTAe,,qApT,,eq e 0
0 e
where T is the reference duration (e.g. 8 h) and T is the duration of the workshift
0 e
Note 1 to entry: Immission is measured at the work station. Exposure is measured at the ear of the person.
Note 2 to entry: L can result from the energetic summation of immission or exposure values, L ,
pTAe,,q pTAe,,q
0 i
measured over individual time periods T , with ∑=TT .
i
i e
Note 3 to entry: In some countries, a rating level L is used:
pAr,
LL=+DL +DL dB
ppAr,,AeqI,T T
0
where DL and DL describe impulsive and tonal components.
I T


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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

a) Noise emission; sound radiation of a machine:
— machine related
— specified operating conditions
— independent of environment
b) Noise immission: sound impact at the work
station:
— work station related
— real operation
— dependendent on immission time
— contribution from all sound sources
c) Noise exposure; sound impact on human beings:
— person related [at one or several work stations
or for a person moving around (see Figure 2)]
— real operation
— dependent on exposure time
— contribution from all sound sources
Figure 1 — Illustration of the difference between noise emission, noise immission and noise
exposure (see also Figure 2)
Figure 2 — Illustration of noise exposure for a person moving around
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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

3.4 Noise reduction
3.4.1
sound reduction index
R
descriptor of transmission loss defined as ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound
power incident on a test specimen to the sound transmitted through the test specimen (see Figure 3.)
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in decibels and is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: Methods for determining the insulation of walls, doors, ceilings and windows are described in
ISO 10140 (all parts) and in ISO 717-1.
Key
1 reflection
2 absorption
3 transmission
NOTE A proportion of the sound which is incident on a partition or wall is reflected, a proportion is
transformed into heat (i.e. is absorbed) and a proportion goes through the wall to the other side (i.e. is
transmitted). The sound insulation of the wall determines what proportion of the incident sound is transmitted.
Figure 3 — Illustration of reflection, absorption and transmission at a boundary
3.4.2
sound absorption coefficient
α
fraction of the acoustic energy absorbed when sound waves strike a surface
Note 1 to entry: The sound absorption coefficient is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: A single number rating is given in ISO 11654.
3.4.3
equivalent absorption area
A
area, in square meters, obtained by summing the products α S
i i
AS=+αα SS+=. α
11 22
where
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ISO/FDIS 11690-1:2020(E)

α is the absorption coefficient of a partial area, S , of a room surface;
i i
S is the total room area =∑S ;
()
i
α
is the mean absorption coefficient of the room
3.4.4
insertion loss
D
i
difference in sound power level or emission sound pressure level with and without a noise control
device applied to a sound source
Note 1 to entry: Insertion loss is frequency dependent and is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: The A-weighted insertion loss is always related to a given source.
Note 3 to entry: The insertion loss is used to assess the acoustical performance of enclosures (see ISO 11546-1
and ISO 11546-2), screens (see ISO 10053 and ISO 11821) and silencers (see ISO 7235, ISO 11691 and ISO 11820).
3.4.5
reduction of sound pressure level at a work station
result of a set of noise reduction measures described by the difference in noise immission levels
Note 1 to entry: For example, L – L , where numeral 1 means before and numeral 2 means after
pA,eq,8h,1 pA,eq,8h,2
technical measures for reduction have been taken.
3.4.6
direct sound
sound which propagates directly from the source to the point of observation
Note 1 to entry: No reflection of sound is involved so it is not affected by the characteristics of the room in which
the source is located.
3.4.7
reflected sound
sound at any point in a room, resulting from reflections from room surfaces and fittings, and excluding
the direct sound
3.4.8
diffuse-field conditions
sound propagation in rooms or regions of rooms where the sound is reflected so often and uniformly
from all surfaces of the room and the fittings that the sound pressure level of the reflected sound is the
same at any point inside the region
3.4.9
non-diffuse-field conditions
sound propagation in rooms or regions of rooms where sound does not propagate uniformly in all
directions
Note 1 to entry: Non-diffuse-field conditions are the case if
— the ratio of any two dimensions out of the three is more than three, or
— the absorption of the surfaces of the room is notably non-uniformly distributed (e.g. a room with hard walls
and absorbent ceiling), or
— the absorption is high.
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3.4.10
reverberation time
T
60
time, in seconds, it takes for the sound pressure level in a room (originally in a steady state) to decrease
60 dB after the source is turned off (See Figure 4)
Note 1 to entry: The reverberation time is frequency dependent.
Note 2 to entry: It is useful for describing the acoustic properties of rooms with a diffuse sound field; room
volume must be taken into account.
3.4.11
spatial sound distribution curve
curve which shows how the sound pressure level from a reference sound source decreases when the
distance to the source increases
Note 1 to entry: Spatial sound distribution curves are frequency dependent and characterize the acoustic
properties of rooms. In some cases, several spatial sound distribution curves are necessary to characterize a room.
Note 2 to entry: From this curve and for a given range of distances from the source, two main quantities are
determined (see Figure 5):
— the rate of spatial decay per distance doubling (DL ), and
2
— the excess of sound pressure level (DL ).
f
Three distance ranges are normally of interest: near, middle and far regions. These two quantities (DL , DL ) are
2 f
useful for assessing the acoustic quality of a room.
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Key
X time, s
Y sound pressure level, dB
T reverberation time
Figure 4 — Idealized time history of sound pressure level after the sound source is turned off
3.4.12
rate of spatial decay of sound pressure levels per distance doubling
DL
2
amount, in decibels, by which the sound pressure level decreases over a given range of distances, when
the distance from the source is doubled (see Figure 5)
3.4.13
excess of sound pressure level
DL
f
average difference, in decibels, over a given distance range, between the spatial sound distribution
curve of the room and the spatial sound distribution curve for a free field (6 dB pe
...

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