ISO 37165:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37165
First edition
2020-09
Smart community infrastructures —
Guidance on smart transportation
with the use of digitally processed
payment (d-payment)
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Recommandations pour le
transport intelligent utilisant les paiements numériques
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concept of smart transportation by d-payment. 1
4.1 General . 1
4.2 Capability of d-payment in transportation . 2
4.3 Satisfaction of SDGs . 2
5 Expectations for smart transportation by d-payment. 2
5.1 Background . 2
5.1.1 Local services . 2
5.1.2 International services . 2
5.1.3 Operators’ internal management . 3
5.2 Customers who prefer d-payment . 3
5.3 D-payment effective business fields . 3
5.4 D-payment effective situations . 3
6 Features of d-payment . 4
7 Security of smart transportation by d-payment . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 D-payment wallet security . 4
8 Operation of smart transportation by d-payment . 5
9 Management of smart transportation by d-payment . 5
9.1 General . 5
9.2 Security-trusted infrastructures for d-payment systems . 5
9.2.1 General. 5
9.2.2 Credible service management modules . 5
9.2.3 Big data analysis centres . 5
9.2.4 Registration centres . 6
9.2.5 Transaction communication modules . 6
9.2.6 Terminal application modules . 6
10 Quality maintenance of smart transportation by d-payment . 6
10.1 General . 6
10.2 Parameters to be observed . 6
Bibliography . 8
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
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iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Each day a huge number of city residents and visitors use transportation services by paying fares for
every ride in and between cities. Fast ticket processing for these customers is required in order to avoid
congestion in ticket offices and at ticket vending machines. In some transportation services, operators
do not sell tickets but request that customers pay the exact fare as no change is given. Payment of
transportation fares is normally in local currencies, including hard currencies. International travellers
have to pay their travel costs in such currencies after having exchanged money in advance. Credit cards
are an option for payment but not all cards are accepted in some places, especially when paying small
amounts.
Thus, easy procedures for the payment of precise amounts are indispensable in city life and business
activities, including transportation rides. In transportation and its related or additional services,
customers have to pay many kinds of fees besides transportation fares. They want to pay in their
preferred ways, which can include a variety of options. Proper collection of fares or fees in an easy
way assists the business of transportation and leads to sustainable local services for citizens, since the
business is financially stabilized with reduced handling costs and the avoidance of fee receipt failure.
Digitally processed payment (d-payment) is a method of paying fees using a digital form of an existing
and circulated currency, which works like common coins and paper bills. The sums of fares or fees
collected in the services are extremely large, even though the amount paid by customers for each
transaction is small. Therefore, the payment system requires high security, not necessarily just for the
protection of customer payments but also to protect operators from, for example, theft by employees
who directly handle and manage cash.
This document describes the concept of d-payment in transportation and its related or additional
services, and its safe management and practical application thereof, which will be helpful to citizens
and city visitors using such services and beneficial to the service operators.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37165:2020(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Guidance on smart
transportation with the use of digitally processed payment
(d-payment)
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on how to organize and implement smart transportation by digitally
processed payment (d-payment) in order to provide a safe, convenient payment method for citizens
and city visitors in transportation and its related or additional services. This will additionally benefit
operators managing fee receipt in transportation services and money transfer or transactions between
these business operators and banks or settlement organizations.
Smart transportation by d-payment is not intended to eliminate cash payment from transportation
services but is helpful in organizing inter-operator, city, regional and national common ticket networks
and providing trading services independent of local currencies.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
smart transportation by d-payment
transportation and its related or additional services in which payment is digitally processed
3.2
digitally processed payment
d-payment
currency forms operated, managed and controlled in mathematical algorithms like actual currencies
having circulation and trading functions, which are cashable or exchangeable for hard currencies
through transactions using digital wallets
3.3
d-payment wallet
digital account managed by using public-key cryptography
4 Concept of smart transportation by d-payment
4.1 General
Cash payment in transportation causes difficulties for both customers and operators. Operators have to
be prepared to receive cash that is not easy to manage, since coins and paper bills are heavy and take up
space. Non-cash payment, typically with credit cards and pre-paid cards, is convenient for both. However,
even then customers have to hold these cards and not all card readers work with all types of card.
Thus, fast and simple payment procedures without cash or cards with limited applicability are needed,
especially when purchasing tickets at ticket offices and vending machines and when taking bus, tram
or ferry rides. In ticketing procedures, payment processes take time. Therefore, some operators
do not give change. Easy payment encourages citizens to take casual rides as people hesitate to use
transportation services over short distances when they don’t have the exact or small change. Pre-paid
cards were developed to provide customers with a means of non-cash payment, and the number of
passengers using these has increased. If payment can be digitally transacted independently of hard
currencies, including such cards, the result is pure non-cash
...