ISO 5842:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5842
First edition
2022-10
Powder metallurgy — Hot isostatic
pressing — Argon detection using
gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry techniques
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Equipment for argon detection . 3
4.1 Gas chromatography . 3
4.1.1 Principle . 3
4.1.2 Apparatus and reagents . 3
4.1.3 Equipment detection limit . 4
4.2 Mass spectrometry . 4
4.2.1 Principle . 4
4.2.2 Apparatus and reagents . 4
4.2.3 Equipment detection limit . 4
5 Calibration and functionality test . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Gas chromatograph . 5
5.2.1 Calibration . . . 5
5.2.2 Functionality test. 5
5.3 Mass spectrometer . 5
5.3.1 Calibration . . . 5
5.3.2 Functionality test. 6
6 Sample preparation for argon detection . 6
7 Test procedure for argon detection .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Test procedure using gas chromatography . 6
7.3 Test procedure using mass spectrometry . 7
8 Test report . 7
Annex A (informative) Precision . 8
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee
SC 3, Sampling and testing methods for sintered metal materials (excluding hardmetals).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
It is essential to detect argon in powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing (PM HIP) material in order to
ensure the desired performance of the PM HIP component. Argon from the production of powder can
remain in the powder grains. Argon from the powder filling processes can remain in the voids between
powder grains and become trapped during consolidation. Can imperfections can result in ingress of
argon from the HIP chamber and potentially introduce, or increase the level of, argon.
Argon in the resulting metal powder produced component can be detected using the techniques
included in this document
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5842:2022(E)
Powder metallurgy — Hot isostatic pressing —
Argon detection using gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry techniques
IMPORTANT — It is the responsibility of the purchaser of the PM HIP service to specify in
the purchase order if an argon detection test is needed. If so, the agreed argon limit shall be
specified.
1 Scope
This document specifies a gas chromatography and a mass spectrometry method of detecting the
presence of argon in metal powder produced components, consolidated by hot isostatic pressing.
This document specifies the calibration and functionality test for the equipment covered. It also
specifies methods for sampling, sample preparation and sample test procedure of PM HIP components
to detect argon presence.
Components produced by additive manufacturing are not covered in this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
blank test
test performed without sample in the same manner as, and parallel with, a test using an analytical
sample
[SOURCE: ISO 11323:2010, 8.13]
3.2
calibration
operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity
values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding
indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to
establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram,
calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of
the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly
called “self-calibration”, nor with verification of calibration
Note 3 to entry: Often, the first step alone in the above definition is perceived as being calibration.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.39]
3.3
can
capsule
canister
container used to encapsulate the powder during the pressure consolidation process
Note 1 to entry: It is partly or fully removed from the final part.
3.4
detection limit
smallest actual amount of an analyte that can be detected by a measuring method
[SOURCE: ISO 20553:2006, 3.14, modified — "measurand" has been replaced by "analyte".]
3.5
functionality test
assessment of the performance of a measuring system, based on specific parameters
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 14907-1:2015, 3.10, modified — measurand has been replaced by analyte]
3.6
gas chromatograph
device that physically separates components of a mixture in the gaseous phase and measures them
individually with a detector which signal is processed
[SOURCE: ISO 14532:2014, 2.4.3]
3.7
mass spectrometer
instrument which separates ionized particles of different mass/charge ratios (3.8) and measures the
respective ion currents
[SOURCE: ISO 3529-3:2014, 2.5.1]
3.8
mass/charge ratio
mass of a charged particle in atomic mass units divided by its elementary charge
3.9
powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing
PM HIP
process for simultaneously heating and forming a compact in which the powder is contained in a
sealed formable enclosure usually made from metal and the so-contained powder is subjected to
equal pressure from all directions at a temperature high enough to permit plastic deformation and
consolidation of the powder particles to take place
[SOURCE: ASTM A988/A988M – 15A]
3.10
reference sample
material or substance which property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be
used for the functionality test (3.5) of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for
assigning values to materials
3.11
solvent cleaner
liquid cleaning substance that is either ethanol, CH CH OH, acetone, (CH ) CO or iso-propanol,
3 2 3 2
CH(CH ) OH
3 2
4 Equipment for argon detection
4.1 Gas chromatography
4.1.1 Principle
Gas chromatography (GC) is a separation technique where the mobile phase is gaseous. When GC is
used as analytical technique, a known amount of sample is evaporated and dissolved into the mobile
phase, al
...