ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 39794-16
First edition
2021-06
Information technology — Extensible
biometric data interchange formats —
Part 16:
Full body image data
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2021

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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms .10
5 Conformance .13
6 Modality specific information .13
6.1 Purpose .13
6.2 Digital image encoding .13
6.3 Photographic requirements and recommendations for white light imaging .14
6.3.1 General.14
6.3.2 Contrast and saturation .14
6.3.3 Focus and depth of field .14
6.3.4 Greyscale density .15
6.3.5 Colour .15
6.3.6 Radial distortion of the camera lens .15
6.4 Digital requirements and recommendations for images .15
6.4.1 General.15
6.4.2 Geometry .15
6.4.3 Colour .16
6.4.4 Formatting requirements and recommendations .16
6.5 Recommendations for full body image data systems .16
6.5.1 General.16
6.5.2 Architecture .16
6.5.3 Usability and accessibility .17
6.5.4 Practical applications .17
6.6 Full body imaging technical requirements .18
6.6.1 General.18
6.6.2 Optical distortion . .18
6.6.3 Colour fidelity .18
6.6.4 Example full body photographs .19
6.7 Full body photography session .20
6.7.1 General.20
6.7.2 Typical workflow for full body photography session .20
6.7.3 Full body photograph content requirements .21
6.8 Photo studio recommendations for full body photography .21
6.8.1 General.21
6.8.2 Recommended camera orientation and margins .21
6.8.3 Recommended positioning and distance between camera and subject .22
6.8.4 Recommended focusing settings .23
6.8.5 Recommended white balance settings for white light imaging.23
6.8.6 Recommended backdrop design .23
6.8.7 Example configurations for a photo studio .24
6.8.8 Basic fidelity image test for white light imaging .25
6.9 Non-white light or multispectral imaging .26
6.9.1 General.26
6.9.2 Infrared imaging . . .27
6.9.3 Ultraviolet imaging .28
6.10 Submillimetre imaging .28
6.11 Imaging use cases .29
6.11.1 General.29
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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

6.11.2 Imaging system baseline use cases .29
7 Abstract data elements .31
7.1 Overview .31
7.1.1 Content and notation .31
7.1.2 Body tree concept .32
7.1.3 Anthropometric data models .34
7.1.4 Structure overview .35
7.1.5 Data conventions .37
7.2 Body image data block .37
7.3 Version block .38
7.4 Representation block .38
7.5 Representation ID.38
7.6 Capture date/time block . .38
7.7 Quality blocks .38
7.8 PAD data block.39
7.9 Session identifier.39
7.10 Derived from .39
7.11 Capture device block .39
7.12 Model identifier block .39
7.13 Certification identifier block .39
7.14 Body part number .40
7.15 Pose angle block .41
7.15.1 Yaw angle, Y .43
7.15.2 Pitch angle, P .43
7.15.3 Roll angle, R .43
7.16 Angle data block .43
7.17 Angle value .43
7.18 Angle uncertainty .43
7.19 Landmark blocks .44
7.20 Landmark kind .44
7.21 MPEG-4 feature point .44
7.22 Eye and nostril centre landmark point .44
7.23 Anthropometric landmark for face and body .44
7.23.1 Anthropometric landmark for face .44
7.23.2 CAESAR anthropometric 3D landmark point .45
7.23.3 MPEG-4 body point .48
7.24 Landmark coordinates block .49
7.25 Image representation block .49
7.26 2D image representation block .50
7.27 2D representation data .50
7.28 2D capture device block .50
7.29 Capture wavelength range block .50
7.30 Capture device technology.52
7.31 2D image information block .53
7.32 2D image kind .53
7.33 Post acquisition processing .54
7.34 Lossy transformation attempts .55
7.35 Image data format .55
7.36 Camera to subject distance (CSD) .56
7.37 Sensor diagonal .56
7.38 Lens focal length .56
7.39 Image size block .56
7.40 Image width .56
7.41 Image height .56
7.42 Sampling rate block .56
7.43 Spatial sampling rate .57
7.44 Temporal sampling rate .57
7.45 Image colour space .57
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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

7.46 Reference colour mapping block .57
7.47 Reference colour schema .58
7.48 Reference colour definition and value block .58
7.49 JPEG EXIF .58
7.50 Forensic findings block .59
7.50.1 Forensic observations .59
7.50.2 Link to reports .59
7.50.3 Dynamic range low .59
7.50.4 Dynamic range high . . .60
7.50.5 Dynamic range notes .60
7.50.6 Colour fidelity CIELAB a* .60
7.50.7 Colour fidelity CIELAB b* .60
7.50.8 Colour fidelity notes . .61
7.50.9 Image sharpness .61
7.50.10 Image sharpness notes .61
7.51 3D shape representation block .61
8 Encoding .61
8.1 Data encoding models.61
8.2 Tagged binary encoding .64
9 Registered BDB format identifiers .65
Annex A (normative) Formal definitions .66
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples .80
Annex C (normative) Conformance testing methodology .95
Annex D (informative) Application profiles .104
Annex E (informative) Image acquisition measurements .110
Bibliography .136
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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
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list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 39794 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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The purchase of this ISO/IEC document carries a copyright licence for the purchaser to use ISO/IEC
copyright in the schemas in the annexes to this document for the purpose of developing, implementing,
installing and using software based on those schemas, subject to ISO/IEC licensing conditions set out in
the schemas.
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ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Introduction
Most countries around the world use biometric recognition systems for law enforcement and border
control. Many of these systems are not limited to face recognition purposes. To be consistent in such
deployments and processes, technical documents, guidelines and best practice recommendations
are being developed by different groups. These documents are primarily focused on the issuance
and use of identity documents and related border control systems, and the technical and operational
issues to be considered when planning and deploying them. "Face" is the biometric mode most suited
to the practicalities of travel documents and automated border processing. "Full body" is a b
...