ISO 12239:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12239
First edition
2003-12-15
Fire detection and fire alarm systems —
Smoke alarms
Systèmes de détection d'incendie et d'alarme — Détecteurs de fumée

Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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©  ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 General requirements. 3
4.1 Compliance. 3
4.2 Alarm-condition aural indicator. 4
4.3 Alarm-condition visual indicator — Optional function . 4
4.4 Mains-on visual indicator. 4
4.5 Fault-condition visual indicator — Optional function . 4
4.6 Connection of external ancillary devices . 4
4.7 Means of calibration . 4
4.8 User-replaceable components. 4
4.9 Primary power source . 4
4.10 Standby power source. 5
4.11 Electrical safety requirements. 6
4.12 Test facility. 6
4.13 Terminals for external conductors. 6
4.14 Smoke-alarm signals. 6
4.15 Battery removal indication. 7
4.16 Battery connections. 7
4.17 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies . 7
4.18 Interconnectable smoke alarms — Optional function. 7
4.19 Alarm-silence facility — Optional function. 8
5 Tests. 8
5.1 General. 8
5.2 Directional dependence. 10
5.3 Initial sensitivity. 12
5.4 Repeatability. 12
5.5 Air movement. 12
5.6 Dazzling. 13
5.7 Dry heat (operational). 14
5.8 Cold (operational). 14
5.9 Damp heat (operational). 15
5.10 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion. 16
5.11 Impact (operational). 17
5.12 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational). 18
5.13 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance). 19
5.14 Extended temperature (operational) — Optional function. 20
5.15 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity tests (operational). 21
5.16 Fire sensitivity. 21
5.17 Battery-low condition. 23
5.18 85 dB(A) Sound output — Optional function . 24
5.19 70 dB(A) Sound output — Optional function . 24
5.20 Sounder durability. 25
5.21 Interconnectable smoke alarms. 25
5.22 Alarm-silence facility. 26
5.23 Variation in supply voltage . 27
5.24 Polarity reversal. 27
6 Marking and data.28
6.1 Smoke-alarm marking.28
6.2 Packaging marking.29
6.3 Provision of information.29
7 Test report.29
Annex A (normative) Assessment of personal protection against various hazards.30
Annex B (normative) Smoke tunnel for response-threshold value measurement .32
Annex C (normative) Test aerosol for response threshold value measurements .33
Annex D (normative) Smoke-measuring instruments.34
Annex E (normative) Apparatus for dazzling test .38
Annex F (normative) Apparatus for impact test .39
Annex G (normative) Fire test room .41
Annex H (normative) Smouldering pyrolysis wood fire (TF2).43
Annex I (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3).46
Annex J (normative) Flaming plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4) .48
Annex K (normative) Flaming liquid (n-heptane) fire (TF5).50
Annex L (informative) Information concerning the construction of the smoke tunnel .52
Annex M (informative) Information concerning the construction of the measuring ionization
chamber.54

iv © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12239 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
Introduction
This International Standard for smoke alarms is drafted on the basis of functions that are to be provided on all
smoke alarms covered by this standard, and optional functions with requirements which may be provided. It is
intended that the options shall be used for specific applications, as recommended in application guidelines.
Each optional function is included as a separate entity, with its own set of associated requirements, in order to
permit smoke alarms covered by this standard with different combinations of functions to conform to this
International Standard.
Two optional sound output levels are specified in this International Standard. The options allow national
regulators to specify minimum sound output levels [70 dB(A) or 85 dB(A)] as required under national
regulations.
An optional extended temperature-range test is included for smoke alarms installed in areas subject to a
greater temperature range, such as leisure accommodation vehicles.
Other functions may also be provided, even if not specified in this International Standard, if they do not
jeopardize any function required by this document.

vi © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12239:2003(E)

Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Smoke alarms
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements, test methods, performance criteria, and manufacturer's
instructions for smoke alarms that operate using scattered light, transmitted light, or ionization, and are
intended for household or similar residential applications.
For the testing of other types of smoke alarms, or smoke alarms working on different principles, this
International Standard should be used only for guidance. Smoke alarms with special characteristics and
developed for specific risks are not covered by this International Standard.
This International Standard allows, although it does not require, the inclusion within the smoke alarm of
facilities for the following:
 visual fault condition indication;
 extended temperature-range operation;
 interconnection with other similar smoke alarms and/or accessories;
 alarm-silencing facility.
Where such facilities are included, this International Standard specifies applicable requirements.
This International Standard does not cover devices intended for incorporation in systems using separate
control and indicating equipment.
Certain types of smoke alarms contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation
protection differ from country to country and they are not specified in this International Standard. Such smoke
alarms should, however, comply with the applicable national standards, which should be in line with the
recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209-1, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition and forms of products —
Part 1: Chemical composition
ISO 7731, Ergonomics — Danger signals for public and work places — Auditory danger signals
ISO 8201, Acoustics — Audible emergency evacuation signal
EN 54-3, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 3: Fire alarm devices — Sounders
EN 50130-4, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity
requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
IEC 60065:2001, Safety requirements for mains operated electronic and related apparatus for household and
similar use
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Tests. Tests B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60950-1:2001, Information technology equipment — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
OECD, Recommendations for ionization chamber smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection
standards. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. For definitions of terms used in
the clauses of IEC 60065:2001 or IEC 60950-1:2001 referred to in Annex A, reference shall be made to
Clause 2 of IEC 60065:2001 or 1.2 of IEC 60950-1:2001, respectively.
3.1
aerosol density
smoke density
amount of particulates per volume as described operationally by one of two parameters:
 m (3.8), an absorbance index, used in the testing of smoke alarms using scattered or transmitted light;
 y (3.15), a dimensionless variable, used in the testing of smoke alarms using ionization
NOTE Note that these parameters are not concentrations sensu stricto, but represent values which are proportional
to the concentration and have been shown to function in lieu of a true concentration value for the purposes of these tests.
3.2
alarm condition
audible signal specified by the manufacturer as indicating the existence of a fire
3.3
alarm-silence facility
means of temporarily disabling or desensitizing a smoke alarm
3.4
battery-low condition
any combination of battery voltage and series resistance which results in a fault condition
3.5
fault condition
audible signal specified by the manufacturer as indicating the existence of an actual or incipient fault that may
prevent an alarm condition
2 © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

3.6
interconnectable smoke alarm
smoke alarm which may be interconnected with other smoke alarms to provide a common alarm condition
3.7
least sensitive orientation
point of rotation, relative to air flow, about the vertical axis where a detector produces the maximum response
threshold value
3.8
m
absorbance index
measured light attenuation characterizing the concentration of particulates in smoke or an aerosol
NOTE The equation for m is given in Annex D.
3.9
most sensitive orientation
point of rotation, relative to air flow, about the vertical axis where a detector produces the minimum response
threshold value
3.10
normal condition
condition in which the smoke alarm is supplied with power but is not giving either an alarm condition or a fault
condition, although able to give such signals if the occasion arises
3.11
primary power source
the source of power intended to supply the smoke alarm
3.12
response threshold
A
th
smoke concentration at which the smoke alarm changes to its alarm condition
3.13
smoke alarm
device containing within one housing all the components, except possibly the power source, necessary for
detecting smoke and generating an alarm condition
3.14
standby power source
the source of power intended to supply the smoke alarm in the event of a failure of the primary power source
3.15
y
dimensionless variable, reflecting the change in the current flowing in an ionization chamber as a known
function of the concentration of particulates in the smoke or aerosol
NOTE The equation for y is given in Annex D.
4 General requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this International Standard, the smoke alarm shall meet the requirements of this clause,
shall be tested as specified in Clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Alarm-condition aural indicator
Where the smoke alarm is used to alert occupants to evacuate the area, the alarm condition shall be the
emergency evacuation signal defined in ISO 8201.
Where the smoke alarm is used to alert occupants to investigate the area for the cause of the alarm condition,
the alarm condition shall be the auditory danger signal defined in ISO 7731.
4.3 Alarm-condition visual indicator — Optional function
Alarm-condition indicators shall be red and shall be separate from other indicators. The indicator shall flash or
be continuously illuminated when the alarm condition is present. The failure of any visual alarm-condition
indicator shall not prevent the alarm condition.
Each interconnectable smoke alarm may be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the
individual smoke alarm, when in alarm condition, may be identified. This visual indicator may also perform
other additional functions, but the alarm indication needs to be distinct from any additional function.
4.4 Mains-on visual indicator
A smoke alarm intended for connection to the a.c. mains shall be provided with a mains-on visual indicator.
The indicator shall be continuously illuminated when the mains power is present. The indicator shall be green
and shall be separate from any other indicators.
4.5 Fault-condition visual indicator — Optional function
Fault condition indicators shall be amber or yellow and shall be separate from other indicators. The indicator
shall flash or be continuously illuminated when the fault condition is present. The failure of any visual fault
condition indicator shall not prevent the alarm condition.
4.6 Connection of external ancillary devices
The smoke alarm may provide for connections to external ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control
relays, transmitters). Open- or short-circuit failure of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation
of the smoke alarm.
4.7 Means of calibration
The manufacturer's means of calibration shall not be readily adjustable after manufacture.
4.8 User-replaceable components
Except for batteries or fuses, a smoke alarm shall have no user-replaceable or serviceable components.
4.9 Primary power source
4.9.1 General
The power source of the smoke alarm may be internal or external to the smoke alarm housing.
4.9.2 Internal
Where the power source is internal to the smoke alarm, the source shall meet the following requirements:
a) be capable of supplying the quiescent load of the smoke alarm together with the additional load resulting
from weekly operation of the test facility of 10 s for at least 1 year before the battery-low condition is
given;
4 © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

b) provide a distinctive battery-low condition before the battery is incapable of operating for alarm-condition
purposes (see 5.17);
c) at the point when a battery-low condition commences, have sufficient capacity for the smoke alarm to
produce an alarm condition, as specified in 5.18 or 5.19 as appropriate, for at least 4 min, followed by a
battery-low condition for at least 20 d;
d) at the point when the battery-low condition commences, have sufficient capacity for the smoke alarm to
produce a battery-low condition for at least 30 d;
e) be replaceable by the user, unless the power-source operating life in the smoke alarm is 10 years or
greater.
In the absence of suitable test procedures to verify battery capacity, data concerning the smoke-alarm loads
and the battery characteristics shall be submitted to indicate that the above requirement can be met.
4.9.3 External
Where the power source is external to the smoke alarm, an internal or external standby power source shall be
provided (see 4.10).
4.10 Standby power source
4.10.1 General
For smoke alarms intended for connection to an external power source, a standby power source shall be
provided and the following requirements shall apply.
a) Primary-cell standby power source: the standby power source shall be capable of meeting the
requirements of 4.9.2.
b) Rechargeable-cell standby power source: the standby power source shall be capable of supplying the
quiescent load of the smoke alarm for a minimum period of 72 h, followed by an alarm condition as
specified in 5.18 or 5.19 as appropriate, for at least 4 min in the event of fire, or in the absence of a fire, a
fault condition for at least 24 h.
In the absence of suitable test procedures to verify the standby power source, data concerning the smoke
alarm loads and the standby facility characteristics shall be submitted to indicate that the above requirements
can be met.
4.10.2 Monitoring of standby power source
4.10.2.1 General
The standby power source shall be monitored for fault conditions. These conditions shall include battery-low
condition, open- and short-circuit failure of the standby power source.
4.10.2.2 Standby battery-low condition
A battery-low condition shall be obtained both with mains power to the unit and without mains power to the
unit.
The test procedure set out in 5.17 shall be used to simulate the depletion of the standby power source to the
point where a battery-low condition is given.
4.10.2.3 Open circuit
The standby power supply shall be disconnected or removed as appropriate and mains power applied to the
unit.
The smoke alarm shall give an audible fault condition.
4.10.2.4 Short-circuit
The standby power supply shall be disconnected and replaced with a short-circuit between the standby power
source terminals and the mains power applied to the unit.
The smoke alarm shall give an audible fault condition.
4.11 Electrical safety requirements
The apparatus shall be designed and constructed so as to present no danger, either in normal use or under
fault conditions, as determined by the tests in Annex A.
4.12 Test facility
A test facility shall be provided to simulate either mechanically or electrically the presence of smoke in the
sensing assembly. The test facility shall be accessible from outside the smoke alarm when installed as
specified in the installation instructions.
4.13 Terminals for external conductors
The smoke alarm or base, as appropriate, if intended to have external connections, shall provide for the
connection of conductors by means of screws, nuts or equally effective devices.
For mains-powered smoke alarms which utilize a “flying lead”–type connector, the connector shall be
regarded as a conductor. “Flying lead”-type connectors shall be subjected to a pull test, such that when the
connector is subjected to a pull of 20 N without jerks for 1 min in any direction allowed by the design, the
connector does not become detached.
If terminals are provided, they shall allow the connection of conductors having nominal cross-sectional areas
2 2
of between 0,4 mm and 1,5 mm . Terminals shall be designed so that they clamp the conductor between
metal surfaces without rotation of those surfaces but with sufficient contact pressure and without damage to
the conductor. Disconnection of the conductors, or access to the conductors for disconnection, shall not be
possible without the use of a tool.
4.14 Smoke-alarm signals
The following conditions shall apply to smoke alarms which employ features in addition to the requirements of
this International Standard.
a) The alarm condition shall take precedence over any other signal, even when such other signal is initiated
first.
b) The alarm signal shall be distinctive from the signals of non-alarm-condition functions. Use of a common
sounder is permitted if distinctive signals are obtained. If an aural fault condition is provided, it shall be
distinctive from alarm-condition signals but may be common to all functions employed.
c) Any fault condition associated with features in addition to the requirements of this International Standard
shall not interfere with the operation and supervision of the smoke alarm.
6 © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

4.15 Battery removal indication
The removal of any user-replaceable battery shall result in a visual, mechanical or aural warning that the
battery has been removed. The visual warning shall not depend upon a power source.
Conformity may be achieved by, but is not restricted to, one of the following examples:
 a warning flag that will be exposed with the battery removed and the cover closed;
 a hinged cover or battery compartment that cannot be closed when the battery is removed;
 a unit that cannot be replaced upon its mounting base/bracket with the battery removed.
4.16 Battery connections
Lead or terminal connections to batteries shall be identified with the correct polarity (plus or minus). The
polarity may be indicated on the unit adjacent to the battery terminals or leads.
Any leads connecting the terminal connectors of batteries in smoke alarms to the smoke-alarm circuit board
shall be provided with strain-relieving devices adjacent to both battery terminal connectors and the
smoke-alarm circuit board so that when the leads are subjected to a pull of 20 N without jerks for 1 min in any
direction allowed by the design, the pull is not transmitted to the joints between the leads and the
battery-terminal connectors or between the leads and the smoke-alarm circuit board.
4.17 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies
The smoke alarm shall be so designed that a sphere of diameter larger than (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot pass into
the sensor chamber(s).
This requirement is intended to restrict the access of insects into the sensitive parts of the smoke alarm. It is
known that this requirement is not sufficient to prevent the access of all insects; however it is considered that
extreme restrictions on the size of the access holes may introduce the danger of clogging by dust etc. It may
therefore be necessary to take other measures.
4.18 Interconnectable smoke alarms — Optional function
If a means of connecting a number of smoke alarms to give a common alarm condition is provided, the
following shall apply.
a) The audible-alarm condition shall be emitted by all of the interconnecting smoke alarms when smoke is
detected by any of the interconnected smoke alarms.
b) If the smoke alarms are provided with an alarm-silence facility, initiation of the alarm-silence period of one
of the smoke alarms shall not prevent the audible-alarm condition being emitted by that smoke alarm
when smoke is detected by any of the other smoke alarms.
c) The interconnection of the maximum number of smoke alarms allowed by the manufacturer shall not have
a significant effect on the sensitivity of the smoke alarms nor on their ability to meet the battery-capacity
or sound-output requirements (see 5.17 and 5.18 or 5.19 as applicable).
d) For battery-operated smoke alarms, open- or short-circuits of the interconnecting leads either shall not
prevent the smoke alarms from functioning individually or shall result in an alarm condition or fault
condition.
This requirement does not apply to mains- or mains/battery-supplied smoke alarms for which the supply and
interconnect wiring should be installed in accordance with the appropriate national regulations.
4.19 Alarm-silence facility — Optional function
If means of temporarily disabling or desensitizing a smoke alarm are provided, the following shall apply.
a) The initiation of the alarm-silence period shall require the operation of a manual control on the smoke
alarm. This control may be the same as a manual control provided for the test facility.
b) Operation of the alarm-silence control shall disable or desensitize the smoke alarm for at least 5 min. The
sensitivity of the smoke alarm shall be restored within 15 min of operation of the alarm-silence control. If
the alarm-silence period is adjustable, it shall not be possible to set it to less than 5 min or to more than
15 min.
c) Continuous operation of the alarm-silence control shall not lead to the smoke alarm being disabled or
desensitized for more than 15 min without an alarm condition, a fault condition or a battery-low condition
occurring.
NOTE This requirement is intended to prevent the permanent loss of sensitivity due to accidental or deliberate jamming
of the control.
5 Tests
5.1 General
5.1.1 Optional functions
If an option is taken, all the corresponding requirements shall be met.
NOTE Each optional function is included as a separate entity, with its own set of associated requirements, in order to
permit smoke alarms covered by this standard with different combinations of functions to conform to this International
Standard.
Two optional sound output levels are specified in this International Standard. The options allow national
regulators to specify minimum sound output levels [70 dB(A) or 85 dB(A)] as required under national
regulations. In the absence of regulations, the louder of the two options should be installed.
An optional extended temperature range test is included for smoke alarms installed in areas subject to a
greater temperature range, such as leisure accommodation vehicles.
Other functions may also be provided, even if not specified in this International Standard. However, such
options shall not contradict any requirements of this document and shall not, in case of a fault, jeopardize any
function required by this document.
5.1.2 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, carry out the testing after the test specimen has been allowed to
stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as described in IEC 60068-1 as follows:
 temperature: (15 to 35) °C
 relative humidity: (25 to 75) %
 air pressure: (86 to 106) kPa
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test where the standard
atmospheric conditions are applied.
8 © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

5.1.3 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then connect the specimen to a suitable power source
with characteristics as required by the manufacturer's data. Unless otherwise specified in the test method, the
power source parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the manufacturer's specified range(s)
and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value chosen for each parameter shall
normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range.
The details of the power source used shall be given in the test report (Clause 7).
5.1.4 Mounting arrangements
Mount the specimen by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If
these instructions describe more than one method of mounting, then choose the method considered to be the
most unfavourable for each test.
5.1.5 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the basic
reference standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068).
If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, a tolerance of ± 5 %
shall be applied.
5.1.6 Measurement of response threshold value
Install the specimen for which the response threshold value is to be measured in the smoke tunnel described
in Annex B, in its normal operating position, by its normal means of attachment. The orientation of the
specimen relative to the direction of air flow shall be the least sensitive orientation, as determined in the
directional dependence test, unless otherwise specified in the test procedure.
Before commencing each measurement, purge the smoke tunnel with clean air to ensure that the tunnel and
the specimen are free from the test aerosol.
The air velocity in the proximity of the specimen shall be (0,2 ± 0,04) m/s during the measurement, unless
otherwise specified in the test procedure.
Unless otherwise specified in the test procedure, the air temperature in the tunnel shall be (23 ± 5) °C and
shall not vary by more than 5 °C for all the measurements on a particular smoke-alarm type.
Connect the specimen to its power source as specified in 5.1.3, and allow it to stabilize for at least 15 min.
Introduce the test aerosol, as specified in Annex C, into the tunnel such that the rate of increase of aerosol
density is as follows:
 for smoke alarms using scattered or transmitted light, in decibels per metre per minute:
∆ m
0,015uu 0,1;
∆t
∆y
 for smoke alarms using ionization, per minute: 0,05uu 0,3 .
∆ t
NOTE These ranges are intended to allow the selection of a convenient rate, depending upon the sensitivity of the
smoke alarm, to obtain a response in a reasonable time.
The initially selected rate of increase in aerosol density shall be similar for all measurements on a particular
smoke-alarm type.
All aerosol density measurements shall be made in the proximity of the specimen.
The response threshold value is the aerosol density (m or y) at the moment that the specimen gives an alarm
condition. This shall be recorded as m, expressed as decibels per metre, for smoke alarms using scattered or
transmitted light, or as y for smoke alarms using ionization (see Annex D).
5.1.7 Provision for tests
Provide the following for testing compliance with this International Standard:
a) 20 specimens and in addition the number of specimens necessary for the interconnection test as specified
in 5.21;
b) the data specified in Clause 6.
The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer's normal production with
regard to their construction and calibration.
This implies that the mean response threshold value of the 20 specimens found in the initial sensitivity test
(5.3) should also represent the production mean, and that the limits specified in the initial sensitivity test
should also be applicable to the manufacturer's production.
5.1.8 Test schedule
Number the smoke alarms as specified in 5.3. Carry out the tests as specified in Table 1 on each smoke
alarm in the order in which they are listed.
5.1.9 Test report
The test results shall be reported in accordance with Clause 7.
5.2 Directional dependence
5.2.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the smoke alarm is not unduly dependent on the direction of air flow around the
smoke alarm.
5.2.2 Test procedure
Measure the response threshold value of the specimen to be tested eight times as specified in 5.1.6 with the
specimen being rotated 45° about its vertical axis between each measurement, so that the measurements are
taken for eight different orientations relative to the direction of air flow.
Designate the maximum response threshold value y or m and the minimum value as y or m .
max max min min
Record the least sensitive orientation and the most sensitive orientations. The orientation for which the
maximum response threshold is measured is referred to as the least sensitive orientation, and the orientation
for which the minimum response threshold is measured is referred to as the most sensitive orientation.
5.2.3 Requirements
The ratio of the response threshold values y : y or m : m shall not be greater than 1,6.
max min max min
The lower response threshold value y shall not be less than 0,2, or m shall not be less than 0,05 dB/m.
min min
10 © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Test schedule
Test Subclause Specimen No(s).
Directional dependence 5.2 One chosen arbitrarily
Initial sensitivity 5.3 All specimens
Repeatability 5.4 One chosen arbitrarily
Air movement 5.5 1
a
Dazzling 5.6 2
Dry heat (operational) 5.7 3
Cold (operational) 5.8 4
Damp heat (operational) 5.9 5
Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion 5.10 6, 7
Impact 5.11 8
Vibration (operational) 5.12 9
Vibration (endurance) 5.13 9
Extended temperature 5.14 3, 4
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 5.15
immunity tests (operational)
Electrostatic discharge 10
Radiated electromagnetic fields 11
Conducted disturbance induced by 12
electromagnetic fields
Fast transient bursts 13
Slow high energy transients 14
Fire sensitivity 5.16 15, 16, 17, 18
Battery-low condition 5.17 1, 15

b
Sound output 5.18 or 5.19 1, 15
Sounder durability 5.20 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
c
Interconnectable smoke alarms 5.21 21
Alarm-silence facility 5.22 19
Variation in supply voltage 5.23 20
Polarity reversal 5.24 20
a
This test applies only to detectors using a scattered light or transmitted light principle of operation.

b
Sound output shall be tested as specified in either 5.18 or 5.19 as nominated by the manufacturer.

c
Number of specimens depends on manufacturer's specification.

5.3 Initial sensitivity
5.3.1 Object of test
To establish the sensitivity of each smoke alarm prior to testing. This will be used as a baseline for some of
the other tests.
5.3.2 Test procedure
Measure the response threshold value of the specimen as specified in 5.1.6. Number the smoke alarms in
order of sensitivity, No. 1 having the lowest response threshold and No. 20 the highest response threshold.
Designate the maximum response threshold value as y or m and the minimum value as y or m .
max max min min
Calculate the mean of these response threshold values and designate it as y or m .
5.3.3 Requirement
y y
The following relationships shall apply:  y : or m : m u 1,33 and : y or m : m u 1,5.
max max  min  min
5.4 Repeatability
5.4.1 Object of test
To show that the smoke alarm has stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity even after a number of alarm
conditions.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Measure the response threshold value of the specimen to be tested six times as specified in 5.1.6.
The orientation of the specimen relative to the direction of air flow is arbitrary, but it shall be the same for all
six measurements.
Designate the maximum response threshold value as y or m and the minimum value as y or m .
max max min min
5.4.3 Requirements
The ratio of the response threshold values y : y or m : m shall be not greater than 1,6.
max min max min
The lower response threshold value y shall be not less than 0,2, or m shall be not less than 0,05 dB/m.
min min
5.5 Air movement
5.5.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the s
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