ISO 11142:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11142
First edition
2005-06-15
Micrographics — Colour microfilm —
Application of the exposure technique
to prepare line originals and
continuous-tone originals
Micrographie — Microfilm en couleurs — Application de la
technique d'exposition pour préparer des originaux au trait et des
originaux en demi-ton
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Exposure technique. 2
4 Originals made on uncoloured material (drafting paper, transparent paper, drafting foils)
for recording on colour microfilm. 2
5 Test charts. 4
6 Evaluation of reproductions of the original test charts on colour microfilm. 9
Annex A (informative) Test chart .11
Bibliography . 14

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11142 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications,
Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11142:2005(E)

Micrographics — Colour microfilm — Application of the
exposure technique to prepare line originals and
continuous-tone originals
1 Scope
This International Standard applies the exposure technique to the preparation of line originals and test charts,
to their exposure on film including the necessary test originals (see Clause 5) and to the evaluation of test
exposures on colour microfilm.
In addition, this International Standard applies to the exposure technique and the evaluation of available
continuous-tone originals, ready to be microfilmed (see Annex A).
This International Standard is intended to contribute to a reproducible colour rendition with respect to the
original. As far as process control is concerned, the film manufacturer's recommendation should be observed.
This International Standard does not take into account the influences of projection characteristics of microfilm
readers on the subjective impression of projected colour microfilms.
NOTE For viewing colour microfilms, the translucent screens of microfilm readers should be neutral grey
(see Annex A).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5-3:1995, Photography — Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions
ISO 105-A01:1994, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A01: General principles of testing
ISO 128, Technical drawings — General principles of presentation
ISO 216:1975, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter — Trimmed sizes — A and B series
ISO 446:2004, Micrographics — ISO character and ISO test chart No. 1 — Description and use
ISO 2469:1994, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor
ISO 3334:1989, Micrographics — ISO resolution test chart No. 2 — Description and use
ISO 3664:2000, Viewing conditions — Graphic technology and photography
ISO 10550:1994, Micrographics — Planetary camera systems — Test target for checking performance
CIE 15.2, Colorimetry
3 Exposure technique
3.1 Introduction to exposure technique
The exposure technique and the copying procedure have great influence on the colour quality of the end
product. Therefore, the conditions listed in 3.2 to 3.6 for the colour temperature of the illuminating lamp, the
spectral characteristics of the exposure lens, the basic filtration and other influences shall be fulfilled.
3.2 Illumination of the original
The original shall be illuminated by light of constant intensity and having a distribution temperature of 3 200 K
to 3 400 K, because colour microfilm is adjusted to a colour temperature of 3 200 K (see also 3.4).
3.3 Exposure lenses
All lenses used for exposing colour microfilms shall be colour-corrected.
3.4 Exposure
The exposure shall only be adjusted by modifying the exposure time, but not by changing the lamp current.
Cameras for colour microfilming shall be equipped with a shutter, which allows adjustment of the exposure
time.
NOTE Changing the lamp current would result in a shift of the distribution temperature.
3.5 Filtration
The adaptation of the lamps to the distribution temperature specified in 3.2 shall be made by means of
correction filters placed over the light source.
If it is necessary to adjust the colour microfilm to the illumination of the original, this can be done by placing
suitable conversion filters over the exposure lens.
3.6 Stray light
When exposing colour microfilm, stray light falling on to the original shall be avoided.
NOTE A variety of methods may be used depending on the stray light source; e.g. placing a black curtain around the
microfilming installation can aid in avoiding light from sources other than the one used to illuminate the original. Other
examples of stray light include light reflected from objects and from the clothing of the personnel operating the microfilming
installation.
3.7 Copy board
The copy board to hold the original shall have a dark and non-reflecting surface.
4 Originals made on uncoloured material (drafting paper, transparent paper,
drafting foils) for recording on colour microfilm
4.1 Colour of the material
4.1.1 General
+5
The selected material shall have a spectral reflectance factor R = (80 ) %.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

R means that the spectral reflectance factor R is measured at the wavelength 457 nm. This measurement is
made with standard illuminant A (see ISO 2469).
4.1.2 Transparent paper or drafting paper
If originals on transparent paper or drafting paper are placed on a sheet of white paper for microfilming in
reflected light, it shall be considered that the light passes through the original twice. Thus, the background
may reproduce on the colour microfilm with a distinct colour cast.
4.1.3 Glass plate
Frequently the originals curl. Therefore it is necessary to place a glass plate over the original. This can
produce a colour shift.
4.2 Colour of inks and pencils
To ensure the subjective separation of the individual hues on the colour microfilm, all inks, drafting inks and
coloured pencils used to prepare the originals shall be those listed in Table 1, having a colour difference of
∆ E * u 4, in accordance with CIE 15.2.
ab
The same colours shall be used to prepare originals by means of plotters.
The colour rendition of inks, drafting inks and coloured pencils shall be evaluated subjectively, but shall be
recorded objectively through measures.
To ensure adequate colour separation even when microfilming at a later date, the colours shall not fade when
exposed to light or in dark storage (see also ISO 105-A01).
It is recommended to obtain information on storage properties from the manufacturer of inks, drafting inks and
coloured pencils. Currently there is no information available on colour toners used in non-photographic
processes and laser printers.
Table 1 — Colour names and characteristic colour numbers (as guidelines) for illumination with
standard illuminant D65 for the 2° standard colorimetric observer
Colour name
Blue Green Red Yellow Magenta Brown
Parameter (B) (G) (R) (y) (m) (bn)
a
Characteristic colour coordinates T:S:D
17:5:2 23:5:2 8:6:2 1:6:1 13:3:3 5:3:5
b
Standard chromaticity x 0,188 0,314 0,533 0,426 0,276 0,419
b
0,202 0,455 0,314 0,48 0,221 0,364
Coordinates y
b
Colorimetric value Y 16,6 41,9 16,9 61,9 14,7 9,8
NOTE Although cyan is one of the negative colours in colour photography, it is not used in this International Standard because in
reproduction it can easily be mistaken for blue. Cyan was therefore replaced by brown.
a
T = hue number; S = saturation degree; D = darkness degree of brightness.
b
For definitions, see CIE 15.2.
4.3 Colours for ink pads
Colours for ink pads may be used if they fulfil the conditions of 4.2.
4.4 Colour ribbons
Colour ribbons used to type text into originals shall be of the single-use type, e.g. one-way carbon ribbons.
Fabric ribbons shall not be used.
4.5 Presentation of details in newly prepared continuous-tone originals
Coloured details on newly prepared continuous-tone originals (image elements, writings, etc.) shall be made
larger than comparable black-and-white elements in order to ensure legibility.
If this is not the case for a continuous-tone original already present, the legibility may be reduced or the size of
the copy made has to be changed, e.g. by microfilming only part of the original.
4.6 Width of lines and characters
The width of lines and characters on originals to be colour microfilmed shall meet the requirements of ISO 128.
4.7 Uniformly coloured areas
Uniform colour areas of the original shall be represented by coloured cross-hatchings.
4.8 Adhesive foils
Adhesive foils with or without information (e.g. cross-hatching, arrows, etc.) may be used.
5 Test charts
5.1 Test chart S for line originals on uncoloured paper
5.1.1 General
The elements of the test chart are specified in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5.
5.1.2 Size and material
The size of the test chart is A4, in accordance with ISO 216. The spectral reflectance factor R of the
material is defined in 4.1, the layout in Figure 1. The test chart shall be kept in a dust-free and light-tight
sleeve.
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Original test chart S
5.1.3 Colour patches and grey patches
There are nine patches, each measuring 64 mm, to check colour rendition and contrast.
Six patches are coloured blue (B), green (G), red (R), yellow (y), magenta (m), brown (bn). See also 4.2.
+5
Three patches are neutral grey, having spectral reflectance factors R = (9 ± 1) %, (50 ± 3) % and (80 ) % .
At a reduction ratio 1:24, the test patches with the dimension of 64 mm will be reproduced on the microfilm
with a dimension of 2,66 mm. In this case, a measuring aperture of 2,4 mm diameter shall be chosen.
NOTE 1 The sequence B-G-R should be respected because colour-densitometric evaluations are usually performed in
this sequence and the colours are not always mentioned when quoting colour values.
NOTE 2 When selecting the r
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