ISO 6199:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6199
Second edition
2005-06-15

Micrographics — Microfilming of
documents on 16 mm and 35 mm silver-
gelatin type microfilm — Operating
procedures
Micrographie — Microfilmage des documents sur microfilms gélatino-
argentiques de 16 mm et 35 mm — Modes opératoires




Reference number
ISO 6199:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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ISO 6199:2005(E)
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©  ISO 2005
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ISO 6199:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Preparation of documents . 2
5 Conditions of microfilming . 2
5.1 Raw-stock microfilm. 2
5.2 Formats and orientation. 2
5.3 Roll film coding . 5
5.4 Frame numbering. 5
5.5 Placement . 5
5.6 Inter-image gap . 5
5.7 Edge marker . 5
5.8 Reduction ratio. 5
5.9 Document dimensions . 6
6 Microfilming procedures. 9
6.1 Documents recorded on more than one roll of film . 9
6.2 Leader and trailer. 9
7 Filming sequence. 9
7.1 Targets . 9
7.2 Archival test area. 10
7.3 Retakes . 10
7.4 Targets . 10
8 Scanning microfilm. 12
8.1 Cameras used for producing scanning microfilm. 12
8.2 Frame numbering. 12
8.3 Placement . 12
8.4 Edge detection . 12
8.5 Targets . 12
8.6 Image density. 13
8.7 Skew. 13
8.8 Resolution . 13
9 Splices . 13
10 Document placement on the camera baseboard. 13
11 Winding. 13
12 Quality control. 14
13 Legal Admissibility . 14
Annex A (informative) Preparation of documents . 15
Annex B (informative) Resolution. 17
Bibliography . 19

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ISO 6199:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6199 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications,
Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6199:1991), which has been technically revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6199:2005(E)

Micrographics — Microfilming of documents on 16 mm and
35 mm silver-gelatin type microfilm — Operating procedures
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies procedures that enable a camera operator to produce microfilm of
appropriate quality of presentation and legibility, capable of yielding scanned images of acceptable quality.
This International Standard specifies methods for microfilming documents on 16 mm and 35 mm silver-gelatin
microfilm, including orientation of images on microfilm, use of non-image areas and information required to
facilitate identification of the microfilm.
This International Standard applies to microfilming using rotary and planetary cameras.
This International Standard does not apply to the filming of technical drawings, maps and plans and
newspapers, for which specific International Standards exist [1-3].
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO 3334:— , Micrographics — ISO resolution test chart No. 2 — Description and use
ISO 6148:2001, Photography — Micrographic films, spools and cores — Dimensions
ISO 6196 (parts 1 to 8 and 10), Micrographics — Vocabulary
ISO 6200:1999, Micrographics — First generation silver-gelatin microforms of source documents — Density
specifications and method of measurement
ISO 9878:1990, Micrographics — Graphical symbols for use in microfilming
ISO/TR 10200:1990, Legal admissibility of microforms
ISO 10550:1994, Micrographics — Planetary camera systems — Test target for checking performance
ISO 10594, Micrographics — Rotary camera systems — Test target for checking performance
ISO 11962:2002, Micrographics — Image mark (blip) used with 16 mm and 35 mm roll microfilm
ISO 18906:2000, Imaging materials — Photographic films — Specifications for safety film

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3334:1989)
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ISO 6199:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196 and the following apply.
3.1
inter-image gap
inter-frame gap
distance, measured along the long edge of a roll microfilm, between the trailing edge of one microimage and
the leading edge of the following microimage
3.2
scanning microfilm
microfilm intended to be used for scanner input
4 Preparation of documents
Documents to be microfilmed shall be examined carefully, defects remedied where appropriate, foreign bodies
(e.g. fasteners) removed and pages arranged in the required order.
Documents to be microfilmed shall be examined to ensure that their dimensions are within those acceptable to
the microfilming system.
Appropriate targets shall be added to each batch of documents during the preparation stage.
Annex A gives more details on the preparation of documents prior to microfilming.
5 Conditions of microfilming
5.1 Raw-stock microfilm
Raw-stock microfilm shall comply with the requirements of ISO 6148 and ISO 18906.
5.2 Formats and orientation
5.2.1 Formats
The formats commonly used in roll microfilm are shown in Figure 1.
The dimensions for the placement of the microimages on the film are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Dimensions of frames for unperforated film without document marks
(see Figure 1)
Values in millimetres
Dimension Measure 16 mm film 35 mm film
a
a max. image width 14,92 33,00
c min. inter-image gap 1,00 2,00
d min. side margin 0,50 0,97
e min. side margin 0,50 0,97
b
f min. centre margin 0,50 0,97
NOTE Film width (e.g. a + 2d) shall be in accordance with ISO 6148. Image areas

are smaller.
a
For some applications, this figure may change in accordance with the relevant
International Standard.
b
For all formats except simplex.
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ISO 6199:2005(E)

Alternate orientation for documents with right to left scripts

Preferred orientation for documents with horizontal and right to left scripts
Figure 1 — Roll microfilm formats
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ISO 6199:2005(E)

NOTE 1 On the duplex format, the image orientation of one row (front) is controlled by the orientation of the text on the
original page, and the image orientation of the opposite row (back) is controlled by the image orientation of the above
mentioned row.
NOTE 2 The duo duplex format is used primarily in banking applications.
a
Front and back of first document
b
Ascending order
c
First (or last) document
d
Ascending (or descending) order
Figure 1 (continued)
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ISO 6199:2005(E)
5.2.2 Orientation
Where microimages are recorded in simplex format, horizontal mode (comic), orientations 1B and 2B of
Figure 1 shall be used. Where simplex format, vertical mode (cine) is used, the microimages should be
oriented as shown in 1A and 2A of Figure 1.
The orientation of microimages for filming in duplex, duo and combination duo-duplex formats is also shown in
Figure 1.
5.3 Roll film coding
Microimages may be coded so that individual microimages or series of microimages can be easily located.
Examples of coding systems are specified in ISO 11962.
5.4 Frame numbering
Where frame numbers are used, they shall not appear within the microimage frame area. They may appear
towards either edge of the microfilm, or within the inter-image gap, offset towards the top or bottom of the gap.
Frame numbers shall not exceed 2 mm in height, measured on the microfilm.
The positioning of the frame numbers shall remain consistent within a roll of microfilm.
See also 8.2.
5.5 Placement
Microimages shall be centrally placed across the width of the frame area, with at least 30 % of each
microimage in each half of the useable width of the microfilm.
See also 8.3.
5.6 Inter-image gap
The inter-image gap shall be as specified in Table 1.
NOTE When using scanning microfilm, this inter-image gap is crucial to the detection of the image edge (see 8.4).
5.7 Edge marker
This subclause applies to microfilming using planetary cameras only.
Where the leading edge of a document to be microfilmed is so irregular that there is no segment of this edge
that can be said to define the position of the edge unambiguously, a matt white bar of minimum width 3 mm
shall be placed on the camera baseboard, parallel to the leading edge of the microimage area, and just
touching the leading edge of the document. The length of the bar shall be sufficient to extend across the
whole width of the microimage area.
5.8 Reduction ratio
The reduction ratio and orientation selected should allow the smallest alphanumeric characters to be legible in
a distribution copy projected on a reader screen and on a hard copy made from a distribution copy.
The reduction ratio to be used shall be determined by the size of the characters, the quality of the originals,
the quality of the camera-film system, and the size of the documents to be microfilmed. Where possible,
horizontal mode should be used.
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ISO 6199:2005(E)
5.9 Document dimensions
5.9.1 General
The maximum height or width of a microimage that can be recorded on the usable width of the film is indicated
in Table 1 and Figure 1 for uncoded film and Figure 2 for coded film.
NOTE The maximum height or width of the document depends on the film format, the reduction ratio and the type of
camera (rotary or planetary) to be used.
5.9.2 Simplex format using rotary cameras
The side of a microimage which is parallel to the length of the film may be of any length.
Table 2 lists two of the most commonly used reduction ratios for the simplex format of uncoded film from
16 mm rotary cameras. If a microimage is close to the indicated recordable size, a higher reduction ratio shall
be used to reduce the possibility of information loss caused by skewing of the document while it is being
filmed.
NOTE The maximum dimensions of a document that can be filmed are determined by the width of the throat of the
document feeder.
Table 2 — 16 mm rotary microfilm camera —
Simplex format for uncoded film
Values in millimetres
Nominal Maximum dimension of document
reduction side perpendicular to the long axis
ratio of the film
1:20 298
1:24 357

Dimensions in millimetres

a
Channel reserved for document mark.
Figure 2 — Channels provided for document marks (blips) and optical code format
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ISO 6199:2005(E)
5.9.3 Simplex format using planetary cameras
Simplex format is also used with planetary cameras that can have variable (or a set of fixed) reductions and a
variable frame pitch. Table 3 lists the maximum dimensions of documents usable with various reduction ratios.
For microfilming using fixed frame-pitch cameras, see Table 4 and Figure 3.
NOTE To allow for positioning errors, the actual dimensions of the documents should be less than those indicated.
For 35 mm film intended for insertion in A6 jackets as strips of three frames, the maximum frame pitch shall be
47,5 mm. Appropriate reduction ratio changes may be required to accommodate the shorter frame advance.
Table 3 — Planetary roll microfilm camera with adjustable frame pitch —
Maximum dimensions of documents
Values in millimetres
Maximum dimensions of documents
a
Reduction ratio
16 mm microfilm 35 mm microfilm
Length Width Length Width
1:6 229 90 267 190
1:8 305 120 356 254
1:10 381 150 444 318
1:12 457 180 533 381
1:14 533 210 622 444
1:15 572 225 667 476
1:16 610 240 711 508
1:18 686 270 800 572
1:20 762 300 889 635
1:21 800 315 933 667
1:22 838 330 978 698
1:24 914 360 1 067 762
1:26 991 390 1 156 826
1:27 1 029 405 1 200 857
1:28 1 067 420 1 245 889
1:29 1 105 435 1 289 921
1:30 1 143 450 1 334 952
1:32 1 219 480 1 422 1 016
1:34 1 295 510 1 511 1 080
1:36 1 372 540 1 600 1 143
a
Caution, actual reduction ratios used in practice may be different to those indicated in this table. Relevant
measurements can be calculated by applying the reduction ratio to the image frame dimensions.

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ISO 6199:2005(E)
Table 4 — Planetary roll film camera with fixed film advance
(see Figure 3)
Values in millimetres
35 mm microfilm Dimensions
00
33 × 45
Frame (a × b)
−−0,5 0,5
0
Frame pitch (t) 52
− 1,2


Figure 3 — Frame and frame pitch
5.9.4 Simplex format coding
Simplex format is also used with microfilm that is coded along the edge with a document mark or a photo-
optical code. Coded microfilm is produced in both planetary and rotary cameras at a fixed reduction ratio. The
manufacturer of the camera will provide the maximum dimensions for documents that can be microfilmed with
the camera. To allow for positioning
...