ISO/TR 3888:1975

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION l MEWlYHAPOLIHA5I OPI-AHM3ALIWl II0 CTAHAAPTM3A~MM~ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Road vehicles - Test procedure for a severe lane-change manoeuvre
Ve ’hicules rou tiers - Essai de dkpassemen t lat&ral brusque
Technical Report 3888 was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, and approved by the majority of
its members. The reasons which led to the publication of this document in the form of a Technical Report are explained in
the Preface.
0 PREFACE
0.1 Introduction
Road-holding ability is one of the most important aspects of active safety. The task of covering and evaluating road-holding
ability in a sufficiently objective and reproducible manner is particularly difficult because the physical and biocybernetic
factors of influence in the closed control loop “driver-vehicle-environment” are extremely complex (see, for example, RI and
R2)l ). The first attempts to establish objective test methods go back to the 1930s (see R3)l). Despite numerous measuring
methods and results of theoretical models, subjective evaluation has remained the best method of evaluating road-holding
abi I ity to date. With this method remarkable progress has been made since the beginnings of automobile development.
0.2
Severe lane-change mancxwvre as evaluation method for certain aspects of road-holding ability
0.2.1
Reasons for selection of the test method
The basic idea in the choice of the severe lane-change manoeuvre in the year 1970 was to create a test method for transient
road-holding ability with which the closed control loop could be tested in a situation encountered in traffic.
Originally the proposed test seemed to be suitable for that purpose since the driver had not only to observe the given lanes
but had to select the vehicle path himself in the areas of changeover.
This process, which could be described as a type of anticipatory control, is of great importance for the behaviour of the
system “driver-vehicle” in actual driving situations. Here, the task is nearly always to select the proper path and then to
remain there with a certain accuracy depending on the situation.
I) RI : Bergman; R2 : Limpert; R3 : Olley.
SAE 730492 SAE 7340490 Road manners of the modern car. Institution of Automobile Engineers, 1947.
UDC 629.113 : 620-l Ref. No. ISO/TR 38884975 (E)
Descriptors : road vehicles, road safety, tests, performance tests, dynamic characteristics, road-holding, lane-change.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1975 l
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ISO/TR 3888-1975 (E)
0.2.2 Problems of the severe lane-change manceuvre
In trying to keep the test method as simple as possible, the passing time through the course was first proposed as the sole
evaluation criterion. Numerous comparative tests in different countries led to the conclusion that this criterion was
insufficient. For this reason, numerous measurements were subsequently made in which the vehicle input values and the
relevant responses of the vehicle, together with the subjective evaluation by the drivers, were covered by different criteria.
The evaluation of all tests gave in detail the following results and demonstrated the following problems :
-
although the test was developed for testing transverse dynamics, it was found that longitudinal dynamics (usability of
the engine power) had a strong influence, which explained the considerable scatter appearing in the results of
measurements;
-
ination amics
of longitudinal did not lead to the desired success in the correlation between individual red
dYn
val nd subj ective evaiuatio n cri teria;
the different paths followed in different tests brought about a considerable scatter in measured results.
The reasons for this could be the following :
-
the selection of quantities to be measured is not yet exact enough or is incomplete;
-
the method for subjective evaluation for this test is not yet unequivocal;
-
the influence of the driver is shown not only in the problems of subjective evaluation but also in the very different
steering behaviour of drivers when using the same vehicle.
0.3 Conclusions
At the present state of test experience and for the reasons given above, the severe lane-change manceuvre described in the
subsequent test procedure cannot be established as in International Standard.
Research work on transient response tests similar to or derived from the subsequent test procedure is being carried out.
0.4
Interaction between individual test methods and accident avoidance
The quantitative influence which this and other possible test methods have on accident prevention cannot be determined
from the presently available data on accidents which have occurred. Before drawing conclusions concerning the influence of
handling characteristics on accident prevention, basic research work having the following objectives should therefore be
performed :
- improvement of accident recording methods and a better evaluation of accident statistics according to certain types of
accident and their frequency, where prevailing conditions such as vehicle speed, road width, curve radii, vehicle type,
loading condition and environmental conditions are covered in as much detail as possible;
-
exact records of the time prof ile of the important contra I operat ions and vehicle movements in hazard and panic
situ ations ; this is onl lssible with recording systems (fo r exam ive recorder) ;
ple, a dr
Y PO
-
m ceuvres which could le e nts could
on the basi s of the two points entioned above, a weighting of man ad to accid be
carried out; in part icular it could be determined which reactions of the system “driver-veh ic le’ ’ could hav e avoided the
accident or red its consequences; in this way, evaluation criteria for the dynamical processes of driving could be
determin ed;
- parallel to the consideration of possible traffic situations, information on the driver ’s behaviour in simulated accident
situations i n a real vehicle or with the aid of a simul ator should be established.
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This Technical Report allows evaluation of o
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