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ISO/IEC 18031:2011

(Main)

Information technology — Security techniques — Random bit generation

Information technology — Security techniques — Random bit generation

ISO/IEC 18031:2011 specifies a conceptual model for a random bit generator for cryptographic purposes, together with the elements of this model. ISO/IEC 18031:2011 specifies the characteristics of the main elements required for a non-deterministic random bit generator, specifies the characteristics of the main elements required for a deterministic random bit generator, establishes the security requirements for both the non-deterministic and the deterministic random bit generator. Where there is a requirement to produce sequences of random numbers from random bit strings, ISO/IEC 18031:2011 gives guidelines on how this can be performed. Techniques for statistical testing of random bit generators for the purposes of independent verification or validation, and detailed designs for such generators, are outside the scope of ISO/IEC 18031:2011.

Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Génération de bits aléatoires

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
07-Nov-2011
ICS
35.030 - IT Security
35.040 - Information coding
Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection
Drafting Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 2 - Cryptography and security mechanisms
Current Stage
9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
Due Date
03-Feb-2025
Completion Date
03-Feb-2025
Ref Project

Relations

Amended By
ISO/IEC 18031:2011/Amd 1:2017 - Information technology — Security techniques — Random bit generation — Amendment 1: Deterministic random bit generation
Effective Date
26-Nov-2021
Revised
ISO/IEC 18031:2025 - Information technology — Security techniques — Random bit generation
Effective Date
06-Jun-2022
Revises
ISO/IEC 18031:2005 - Information technology — Security techniques — Random bit generation
Effective Date
08-Aug-2009

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ISO/IEC 18031:2011 - Information technology -- Security techniques -- Random bit generationISO/IEC 18031:2011 - Information technology -- Security techniques -- Random bit generation
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ISO/IEC 18031:2011 - Information technology -- Security techniques -- Random bit generation
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18031
Second edition
2011-11-15
Information technology — Security
techniques — Random bit generation
Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Génération
de bits aléatoires
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
© ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 5
5 Properties and requirements of an RBG . 6
5.1 Properties of an RBG . 6
5.2 Requirements of an RBG . 7
5.3 Optional requirements for an RBG . 8
6 RBG model . 8
6.1 Conceptual functional model for random bit generation . 8
6.2 RBG basic components . 9
6.2.1 Introduction to the RBG basic components . 9
6.2.2 Entropy source . 10
6.2.3 Additional inputs . 10
6.2.4 Internal state . 11
6.2.5 Internal state transition functions . 12
6.2.6 Output generation function . 13
6.2.7 Support functions . 13
7 Types of RBGs . 14
7.1 Introduction to the types of RBGs . 14
7.2 Non-deterministic random bit generators . 14
7.3 Deterministic random bit generators . 15
7.4 The RBG spectrum . 15
8 Overview and requirements for an NRBG . 16
8.1 NRBG overview . 16
8.2 Functional model of an NRBG . 16
8.3 NRBG entropy sources . 18
8.3.1 Primary entropy source for an NRBG . 18
8.3.2 Physical entropy sources for an NRBG . 20
8.3.3 NRBG non-physical entropy sources . 20
8.3.4 NRBG additional entropy sources . 21
8.3.5 Hybrid NRBGs . 22
8.4 NRBG additional inputs . 22
8.4.1 NRBG additional inputs overview . 22
8.4.2 Requirements for NRBG additional inputs . 22
8.5 NRBG internal state . 23
8.5.1 NRBG internal state overview . 23
8.5.2 Requirements for the NRBG internal state . 23
8.5.3 Optional requirements for the NRBG internal state . 24
8.6 NRBG internal state transition functions . 24
8.6.1 NRBG internal state transition functions overview . 24
8.6.2 Requirements for the NRBG internal state transition functions . 25
8.6.3 Optional requirements for the NRBG internal state transition functions . 25
8.7 NRBG output generation function . 26
8.7.1 NRBG output generation function overview. 26
8.7.2 Requirements for the NRBG output generation function . 26
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii

8.7.3 An optional requirement for the NRBG output generation function .26
8.8 NRBG health tests .26
8.8.1 NRBG health tests overview .26
8.8.2 General NRBG health test requirements .27
8.8.3 NRBG health test on deterministic components .27
8.8.4 NRBG health tests on entropy sources .28
8.8.5 NRBG health tests on random output .29
8.9 NRBG component interaction .31
8.9.1 NRBG component interaction overview .31
8.9.2 Requirements for NRBG component interaction .31
8.9.3 Optional requirements for NRBG component interaction .31
9 Overview and requirements for a DRBG .31
9.1 DRBG overview .31
9.2 Functional model of a DRBG .32
9.3 DRBG entropy source .34
9.3.1 Primary entropy source for a DRBG .34
9.3.2 Generating seed values for a DRBG .36
9.3.3 Additional entropy sources for a DRBG .36
9.3.4 Hybrid DRBG .37
9.4 Additional inputs for a DRBG .37
9.5 Internal state for a DRBG .37
9.6 Internal state transition function for a DRBG .38
9.7 Output generation function for a DRBG .39
9.8 Support functions for a DRBG .39
9.8.1 DRBG support functions overview .39
9.8.2 DRBG health test .39
9.8.3 DRBG deterministic algorithm test .40
9.8.4 DRBG software/firmware integrity test .40
9.8.5 DRBG critical functions test .40
9.8.6 DRBG software/firmware load test .40
9.8.7 DRBG manual key entry test .40
9.8.8 DRBG continuous random bit generator test .40
9.9 Additional requirements for DRBG keys .41
Annex A (normative) Combining RBGs .43
Annex B (normative) Conversion methods .44
B.1 Random number generation .44
B.1.1 Techniques for generating random numbers .44
B.1.2 The simple discard method .44
B.1.3 The complex discard method .44
B.1.4 The simple modular method .45
B.1.5 The complex modular method .45
B.2 Extracting bits in the Dual_EC_DRBG .46
B.2.1 Potential bias in an elliptic curve over a prime field F .46
p
B.2.2 Adjusting for the missing bit(s) of entropy in the x coordinates .47
B.2.3 Values for E .48
B.2.4 Observations .50
Annex C (normative) DRBGs .51
C.1 DRBG mechanism examples .
...

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