ISO 22863-11:2022
(Main)Fireworks - Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances - Part 11: Phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
Fireworks - Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances - Part 11: Phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
This document specifies the test method for the determination of phosphorus content in firework compositions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Such test is applied to fireworks excluding Christmas crackers, party poppers, or snaps according to ISO 25947-5. The use of white phosphorus can lead to fireworks of hazardous chemical stability that can be detected by possible self-ignition during the thermal conditioning test according to ISO 25947-4:2017, 6.16 (75,0 ± 2,5 °C for 48 h).
Artifices de divertissement — Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de substances chimiques spécifiques — Partie 11: Détermination de la teneur en phosphore par spectrométrie d'émission optique à plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES)
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 12-Jul-2022
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 264 - Fireworks
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 264/WG 4 - Test methods
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 13-Jul-2022
- Due Date
- 16-Jan-2022
- Completion Date
- 13-Jul-2022
Overview
ISO 22863-11:2022 specifies a validated laboratory method to determine phosphorus content in firework compositions using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES / ICP-AES). The method applies to consumer and professional fireworks but excludes Christmas crackers, party poppers and snaps (see ISO 25947-5). It supports safety screening for hazardous chemical stability (e.g., risks from white phosphorus detected by thermal conditioning per ISO 25947-4:2017, 6.16).
Key procedural elements include microwave digestion (nitrification) of a 0.1 g sample, preparation of calibration standards, spectral measurement at phosphorus wavelengths, and calculation against a calibration curve.
Key Topics
- Sample preparation: Weigh 0.1 g sample and perform microwave nitrification in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The specified microwave program is: 1 min at 240 W, 3 min at 360 W, then 5 min at 600 W; dilute to 100 ml and filter.
- Reagents: High-purity reagents and deionized water. Nitric acid (density 1.42 g/ml) and hydrogen peroxide of analytical purity. Working nitric acid is 1 part nitric acid + 19 parts water.
- Standards & calibration: Prepare a 100 µg/ml phosphorus standard (KH2PO4 0.439 g in 1 000 ml) and dilute to obtain calibration points at 0.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 20.0 µg/ml. Measure spectral intensity and construct a linear regression calibration curve (r > 0.999 required).
- Analytical conditions: Typical analytical wavelengths are 213.618 nm or 178.287 nm. Instrument stability and calibration performance are required (short-term C < 2.0%, long-term C < 4.0%).
- Limits and precision: Section 11 specifies a detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg and a quantitative limit of 0.03 mg/kg for a 0.1 g sample diluted to 100 ml. Note: Section 6.1 also references an instrument detection expectation of 0.25 g/kg; users should follow the detailed limits in Section 11 and instrument qualification.
Applications
This method delivers practical value for:
- Safety assessment: Detecting phosphorus levels that may indicate unstable or self‑igniting compositions.
- Regulatory compliance: Supporting conformity testing of fireworks against national and international limits.
- Quality control: Routine QC and batch release testing by manufacturers and test laboratories.
Laboratory operators should follow appropriate safety rules for explosive or flammable samples, corrosive acids and oxidizers, and wear suitable personal protective equipment.
Related Standards
- ISO 22863-1:2020 - Fireworks - Test methods - Part 1: General (sample preparation references).
- ISO 25947-5:2017 - Categories and construction/performance exclusions (crackers, poppers, snaps).
- ISO 25947-4:2017 - Thermal conditioning test referenced for hazardous stability (75,0 ± 2,5 °C for 48 h).
Reporting and Practical Notes
The test report shall include laboratory identification, date, reference to ISO 22863-11:2022, sample description (per ISO 22863-1), qualitative/quantitative results and any anomalies. Parallel (duplicate) determinations are required and precision limits are specified for different concentration ranges.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 22863-11:2022 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Fireworks - Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances - Part 11: Phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)". This standard covers: This document specifies the test method for the determination of phosphorus content in firework compositions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Such test is applied to fireworks excluding Christmas crackers, party poppers, or snaps according to ISO 25947-5. The use of white phosphorus can lead to fireworks of hazardous chemical stability that can be detected by possible self-ignition during the thermal conditioning test according to ISO 25947-4:2017, 6.16 (75,0 ± 2,5 °C for 48 h).
This document specifies the test method for the determination of phosphorus content in firework compositions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Such test is applied to fireworks excluding Christmas crackers, party poppers, or snaps according to ISO 25947-5. The use of white phosphorus can lead to fireworks of hazardous chemical stability that can be detected by possible self-ignition during the thermal conditioning test according to ISO 25947-4:2017, 6.16 (75,0 ± 2,5 °C for 48 h).
ISO 22863-11:2022 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.30 - Explosives. Pyrotechnics and fireworks. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 22863-11:2022 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22863-11
First edition
2022-07
Fireworks — Test methods for
determination of specific chemical
substances —
Part 11:
Phosphorus content by inductively
coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES)
Partie 11: Titre manque
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 S c op e . 1
2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s . 1
3 T erms and definitions . 1
4 P rinciple . 1
5 R e a g ent s . 1
6 A pp a r at u s . 2
7 P rep a r at ion s . 3
8 P r o c e du re .3
8 .1 S a mple s i z e . 3
8.2 N itrification process . 3
8. 3 Bl ank t e st . 3
8 .4 C a l ibr at ion c u r ve . 3
8 . 5 S a mple de t er m i n at ion. 3
8 . 6 P a r a l lel t e s t . 4
9 Re sults calculation. 4
10 P r e c i s ion . 4
11 Detection limit . 4
12 Te s t r ep or t . 4
Bibliography . 6
iii
Foreword
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 264, Fireworks.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 22863 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22863-11:2022(E)
Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific
chemical substances —
Part 11:
Phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
1 S cope
This document specifies the test method for the determination of phosphorus content in firework
compositions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
Such test is applied to fireworks excluding Christmas crackers, party poppers, or snaps according to
ISO 25947-5. The use of white phosphorus can lead to fireworks of hazardous chemical stability that can
be detected by possible self-ignition during the thermal conditioning test according to ISO 25947-4:2017,
6.16 (75,0 ± 2,5 °C for 48 h).
2 Normat ive references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22863-1:2020, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 1:
General
3 T erms and definitions
No terms and defini
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