ISO 16869:2008
(Main)Plastics - Assessment of the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in plastics formulations
Plastics - Assessment of the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in plastics formulations
ISO 16869:2008 specifies a method for determining the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in protecting susceptible ingredients like plasticizers, stabilizers, etc., in plastics formulations. The method demonstrates whether or not a plastic product is actively protected against fungal attack. The evaluation is by visual examination. The test is applicable to any articles made of plastic that are in the form of films or plates no thicker than 10 mm. In addition, porous materials such as plastic foams may be tested provided that they are in the above-mentioned form. A minimum diffusion of the fungicides that migrate out of the matrix is necessary with this procedure. In contrast to ISO 846, the test films are not sprayed with a fungal spore suspension but covered with a layer of test agar containing spores. It has been found that this leads to a better distribution of the spores as well as providing a good supply of water necessary for spore germination on plastic surfaces that are normally hydrophobic.
Plastiques β Γvaluation de l'efficacitΓ© des composΓ©s fongistatiques dans les formulations de plastiques
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 13-May-2008
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 61/SC 6 - Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 61/SC 6/WG 7 - Basic standards
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 14-Jun-2021
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2008
Overview
ISO 16869:2008 - Plastics: Assessment of the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in plastics formulations specifies a laboratory method to determine whether fungistatic additives incorporated into plastics protect susceptible ingredients (plasticizers, stabilizers, etc.) against fungal attack. The test applies to plastic articles in the form of films or plates (thickness β€ 10 mm) and certain porous forms (e.g., foams) when cut to the required shape. Evaluation is by visual examination after exposure to fungal spores applied in an agar overlay, which promotes uniform spore distribution and water availability on hydrophobic plastic surfaces.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Test principle: Specimens are overlaid with a thin layer of nutrientβsalt agar containing a mixed fungal spore suspension. Growth (or inhibition) on and around the specimen indicates absence (or presence) of effective fungistatic action; migration of fungicides into agar can produce inhibition zones.
- Specimen dimensions: Round discs punched to 1β4 cm diameter, thickness not exceeding 10 mm; at least three replicates per material.
- Organisms: Standard test fungi include Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium funiculosum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (reference strains from national culture collections).
- Culture media & conditions: Nutrientβsalt agar (pH ~5.5) is used for overlay; maltβextract and Chaetomium agars are specified for cultivation. Plates are incubated at 24 Β°C Β± 1 Β°C. Example procedural details (sterilization methods, media recipes, centrifugation and spore preparation) are included in the standard.
- Assessment: Visual scoring of fungal growth and any zone of inhibition; the method requires sufficient diffusion/migration of fungistat to be detected.
- Safety & competence: Handling potentially hazardous microorganisms requires trained personnel and appropriate biosafety practices.
Applications and Who Uses It
- Plastics manufacturers evaluating additive performance during formulation development.
- Additive (fungistat) suppliers verifying efficacy and supporting product claims.
- Quality control and testing laboratories performing routine batch verification or comparative testing.
- R&D teams optimizing plasticizer/stabilizer packages for resistance to biodeterioration.
- Regulatory and procurement specialists assessing material fitness for use in humidity-prone or biological-exposure environments.
Practical benefits include comparative efficacy data, detection of inadequate protection in finished articles, and insight into fungistat migration behavior (via inhibition zones).
Related Standards
- ISO 846 (assessment of resistance to mould growth - different inoculation approach)
- ISO 291:2008 (conditioning atmospheres)
- IEC 60068β2β10 and ISO 7218 (guidance on personnel safety and microbiological practice)
Keywords: ISO 16869:2008, fungistatic compounds, plastics testing, fungal resistance, nutrient-salt agar, agar overlay, plastic films, inhibition zone, visual assessment.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 16869:2008 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Plastics - Assessment of the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in plastics formulations". This standard covers: ISO 16869:2008 specifies a method for determining the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in protecting susceptible ingredients like plasticizers, stabilizers, etc., in plastics formulations. The method demonstrates whether or not a plastic product is actively protected against fungal attack. The evaluation is by visual examination. The test is applicable to any articles made of plastic that are in the form of films or plates no thicker than 10 mm. In addition, porous materials such as plastic foams may be tested provided that they are in the above-mentioned form. A minimum diffusion of the fungicides that migrate out of the matrix is necessary with this procedure. In contrast to ISO 846, the test films are not sprayed with a fungal spore suspension but covered with a layer of test agar containing spores. It has been found that this leads to a better distribution of the spores as well as providing a good supply of water necessary for spore germination on plastic surfaces that are normally hydrophobic.
ISO 16869:2008 specifies a method for determining the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in protecting susceptible ingredients like plasticizers, stabilizers, etc., in plastics formulations. The method demonstrates whether or not a plastic product is actively protected against fungal attack. The evaluation is by visual examination. The test is applicable to any articles made of plastic that are in the form of films or plates no thicker than 10 mm. In addition, porous materials such as plastic foams may be tested provided that they are in the above-mentioned form. A minimum diffusion of the fungicides that migrate out of the matrix is necessary with this procedure. In contrast to ISO 846, the test films are not sprayed with a fungal spore suspension but covered with a layer of test agar containing spores. It has been found that this leads to a better distribution of the spores as well as providing a good supply of water necessary for spore germination on plastic surfaces that are normally hydrophobic.
ISO 16869:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 16869:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 16869:2001. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 16869:2008 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16869
Second edition
2008-06-01
Plastics β Assessment of the
effectiveness of fungistatic compounds
in plastics formulations
Plastiques β Γvaluation de l'efficacitΓ© des composΓ©s fongistatiques
dans les formulations de plastiques
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2008
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Β© ISO 2008
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ii Β© ISO 2008 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
5.1 Apparatus . 2
5.2 Culture media and reagents . 3
5.3 Organisms and cultivation. 5
6 Test specimens . 5
6.1 Shape and dimensions. 5
6.2 Number of specimens . 5
7 Preparation of specimens. 5
7.1 Cleaning. 5
7.2 Labelling and storage. 5
8 Procedure . 6
8.1 Test temperature. 6
8.2 Filling the Petri dishes. 6
8.3 Arrangement of test specimens . 6
8.4 Inoculation of the test specimens. 6
8.4.1 Preparation of the spore suspension . 6
8.4.2 Inoculation of the nutrient-salt overlay agar. 6
8.4.3 Overlay of specimen. 6
8.4.4 Incubation. 7
8.4.5 Viability control . 7
9 Assessment of fungal growth . 7
10 Expression of results . 7
11 Precision and bias . 8
12 Test report . 8
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16869 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical
and environmental resistance.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16869:2001), of which it constitutes a minor
technical revision. The main changes are an increase in the maximum diameter of the test specimen to 4 cm
(see 6.1) and the introduction of centrifuging operations in the preparation of the spore suspension in 8.4.1.
iv Β© ISO 2008 β All rights reserved
Introduction
It is a well known phenomenon that plasticizers as well as other ingredients in plastics formulations can be
attacked by bacteria, yeasts and fungi, the latter being the most important deteriogens. Microbial attack results
in a reduction of the quality of the plastic, causing embrittlement as well as discoloration. This deterioration is
of economic importance.
The prevention of fungal attack can be achieved by the incorporation of a fungistatic compound into the
formulation. The function of this fungistat is to inhibit the growth of any fungi present on the surface of the
plastic product.
The method described in this International Standard determines the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds
incorporated into the plastic against the fungi used in the test.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16869:2008(E)
Plastics β Assessment of the effectiveness of fungistatic
compounds in plastics formulations
WARNING β Handling and manipulation of microorganisms that are potentially hazardous requires a
high degree of technical competence and may be subject to current national legislation and
regulations. Only personnel trained in microbiological techniques should carry out such tests. Codes
of practice for disinfection, sterilization and personal hygiene must be strictly observed.
It is recommended that workers consult IEC 60068-2-10:2005, Annex A βDanger to personnelβ, and
ISO 7218, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs β General requirements and guidance for
microbiological examinations.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the effectiveness of fungistatic compounds in
protecting susceptible ingredients like plasticizers, stabilizers, etc., in plastics formulations. The method
demonstrates whether or not a plastic product is actively protected against fungal attack.
The evaluation is by visual examination.
The test is applicable to any articles made of plastic that are in the form of films or plates no thicker than
10 mm. In addition, porous materials such as plastic foams may be tested provided that they are in the above-
mentioned form.
A minimum diffusion of the fungicides that migrate out of the matrix is necessary with this procedure.
In contrast to ISO 846, the test films are not sprayed with a fungal spore suspension but covered with a layer
of test agar containing spores. It has been found that this leads to a better distribution of the spores as well as
providing a good supply of water necessary for spore germination on plastic surfaces that are normally
hydrophobic.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291:2008, Plastics β Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
plastic susceptible to fungal attack
plastic material that contains in its formulation one or more nutrients that support fungal growth
3.2
fungistat
compound that prevents fungal growth on a material that is normally susceptible to fungal attack
4 Principle
Test specimens are exposed to a suspension of mixed fungal spores. The spores are applied to the surface of
the test specimen in a thin layer of an agar medium without an added carbon source. In this way, uniform
distribution of the spores is achieved as well as an optimum supply of water.
The absence of fungistatic agents in the plastic material will lead to germination of the fungal spores and initial
growth. When the ingredients in the material are susceptible to fungal attack and no active fungistat is
included in the formulation, further growth and sporulation will occur over and around the test specimen.
The presence of an active fungistat in the material will lead to suppression of spore germination and initial
growth in the area over and around the test specimen. Fungistatic agents can migrate into the agar around the
test specimen, thereby suppressing germination and appearing to give an increased zone of inhibition.
Although not relevant to the interpretation of the test results, the inhibition zone can be an indication of the
behaviour of the fungistat under test.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Apparatus
Sterilize all glassware and all parts of the rest of the apparatus that will come into contact with the culture
media and/or reagents (except those which are supplied sterile) by one of the following methods:
method A: autoclave (see 5.1.2) at 121 Β°C for a minimum of 15 min;
method B: use a dry-heat sterilizer (see 5.1.2) at 180 Β°C for at least 30 min, at 170 Β°C for at
...
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Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ISO, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ
Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ ISO Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.
ISO copyright office
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ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ii Β© ISO 2008 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ .iv
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ .v
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ .1
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .1
4 Π‘ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°.2
5 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ.2
5.1 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°.2
5.2 ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ .3
5.3 ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ .5
6 ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ.5
6.1 Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ .5
6.2 Π§ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.5
7 ΠΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ .6
7.1 ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° .6
7.2 ΠΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ .6
8 ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.6
8.1 Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.6
8.2 ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ .6
8.3 Π Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² .6
8.4 ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ.6
8.4.1 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ.6
8.4.2 ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ° .7
8.4.3 ΠΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ.7
8.4.4 ΠΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ .7
8.4.5 ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ .7
9 ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ² .7
10 ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².8
11 ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ .8
12 ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.8
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.9
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½, Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ
ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ISO ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC) ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ISO/IEC, Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ
Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, 75 % ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π².
ISO Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π².
ISO 16869 Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ISO/TC 61, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ SC 6,
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ISO 16869:2001), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ 4 ΡΠΌ (ΡΠΌ. 6.1) ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ Π² 8.4.1.
iv Β© ISO 2008 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π΅Π΅
ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ,
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ ISO 16869:2008(R)
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ β Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»,
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ
IEC 60068-2-10:2005, ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A βΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°β, ΠΈ ISO 7218, ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²,
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΊ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅
10 ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅.
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°.
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ISO 846, ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π°
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ).
ISO 291:2008, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
3.1
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
plastic susceptible to fungal attack
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²/. ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
3.2
ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄
fungistat
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
4 Π‘ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄
Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ
Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ. Π€ΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°.
5 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ
5.1 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ)
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²:
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ A: Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ (ΡΠΌ. 5.1.2) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 121 Β°C Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 15 ΠΌΠΈΠ½;
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ B: ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠΌ. 5.1.2) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 180 Β°C Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 30 ΠΌΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 170 Β°C Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 160 Β°C Π²
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2 Ρ;
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ C: ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ 0,45 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ.
5.1.1 ΠΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΎΡ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ), ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 24 Β°C Β± 1 Β°C.
5.1.2 ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ:
5.1.2.1 ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½
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