ISO 2939:2015
(Main)Cinematography - Picture image area on 35 mm motion-picture release prints - Position and dimensions and analogue and digital photographic sound to picture record displacement
Cinematography - Picture image area on 35 mm motion-picture release prints - Position and dimensions and analogue and digital photographic sound to picture record displacement
ISO 2939:2015 specifies the positions, dimensions, and location of image and photographic sound records on 35 mm motion-picture release prints, which have been assigned for optical projection based on ISO 2907 or transmitted by television based on ISO 1223. It also specifies the relative displacement of sound with respect to the corresponding picture image frame and, through normative reference to ISO 17266, the placements of the multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound and control records.
Cinématographie — Champ d'image sur les copies d'exploitation de 35 mm — Position et dimensions
General Information
Relations
Overview
ISO 2939:2015 specifies the position and dimensions of the picture image area and photographic sound records on 35 mm motion‑picture release prints. It covers optical projection prints (per ISO 2907) and television‑transmitted film (per ISO 1223), and defines the relative displacement of analogue and digital photographic sound records relative to the picture frame. The standard references ISO 17266 for multichannel analogue/digital sound and control‑record placements.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Picture image area position and dimensions: Defines the location and size of the projected picture on 35 mm release prints. Dimensions are given relative to un‑shrunk film and include tolerances for projection and transmission uses.
- Sound‑to‑picture displacement: The analogue sound record must precede its corresponding picture frame in the direction of film travel by 20 frames ± 0.5 frame (80 perforations ± 2 perforations). Analogue sound is the reference for setting correct displacement because its modulation is visible.
- Multichannel analogue and digital sound placement: Sound and control record positions and widths are specified via a normative reference to ISO 17266, ensuring consistent placement for multichannel systems and digital sound-control records.
- Technical characteristics: Requirements for image/sound separations and perforation areas - e.g., spaces between frames, image and sound records, and perforations should be substantially opaque to ensure proper reproduction.
- Operational notes (Annex A): Historical context on compensating for the speed of sound in air (previous editions suggested a 21‑frame displacement with a 1‑frame compensation for typical viewer distance); current practice and audience perception led to the standardized 20‑frame displacement.
Practical applications and users
ISO 2939:2015 is intended for professionals and organizations involved in the creation, duplication, distribution and exhibition of 35 mm release prints, including:
- Film laboratories and photochemical printing houses (frame and sound placement during printing)
- Post‑production and mastering facilities (sound‑to‑picture alignment)
- Theater projectionists and exhibitors (verification of film alignment and playback)
- Broadcast and telecine engineers (transmission of film content per ISO 1223)
- Equipment manufacturers (film gate, sound head and control‑record hardware)
- Archives and restoration specialists (maintaining historically accurate alignment)
Using ISO 2939 helps ensure consistent synchronization of picture and photographic sound across production, exhibition and broadcast workflows.
Related standards
- ISO 17266 - Multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound and control records
- ISO 2907 - Maximum projectable image area on 35 mm film
- ISO 1223 - Picture areas for television transmission
- ISO 4241, ISO 491, ISO 8567, ISO 2906 - complementary cinematography and print/specification standards
Keywords: ISO 2939:2015, 35 mm motion‑picture, picture image area, sound‑to‑picture displacement, analogue photographic sound, digital photographic sound, film projection standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 2939:2015 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Cinematography - Picture image area on 35 mm motion-picture release prints - Position and dimensions and analogue and digital photographic sound to picture record displacement". This standard covers: ISO 2939:2015 specifies the positions, dimensions, and location of image and photographic sound records on 35 mm motion-picture release prints, which have been assigned for optical projection based on ISO 2907 or transmitted by television based on ISO 1223. It also specifies the relative displacement of sound with respect to the corresponding picture image frame and, through normative reference to ISO 17266, the placements of the multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound and control records.
ISO 2939:2015 specifies the positions, dimensions, and location of image and photographic sound records on 35 mm motion-picture release prints, which have been assigned for optical projection based on ISO 2907 or transmitted by television based on ISO 1223. It also specifies the relative displacement of sound with respect to the corresponding picture image frame and, through normative reference to ISO 17266, the placements of the multichannel analogue and digital photographic sound and control records.
ISO 2939:2015 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 37.060.20 - Motion picture films. Cartridges. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 2939:2015 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 2939:2002. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 2939:2015 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2939
Fourth edition
2015-06-15
Cinematography — Picture image
area on 35 mm motion-picture release
prints — Position and dimensions and
analogue and digital photographic
sound to picture record displacement
Cinématographie — Champ d’image sur les copies d’exploitation de
35 mm — Position et dimensions
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Position and dimensions . 1
4 Picture sound displacement . 1
5 Technical characteristics . 2
Annex A (informative) Compensation for slow speed of sound in air . 4
Bibliography . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 36, Cinematography.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2939:2002), which has been technically
revised. The references to the position and locations of photographic sound records shown in the second
edition, and removed in the third edition, have been amended and replaced in this fourth edition together
with an informative annex providing information regarding the amendment.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2939:2015(E)
Cinematography — Picture image area on 35 mm motion-
picture release prints — Position and dimensions and
analogue and digital photographic sound to picture
record displacement
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the positions, dimensions, and location of image and photographic
sound records on 35 mm motion-picture release prints, which have been assigned for optical projection
based on ISO 2907 or transmitted by televi
...








Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...