ISO 19206-1:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19206-1
First edition
2018-12
Road vehicles — Test devices for
target vehicles, vulnerable road users
and other objects, for assessment of
active safety functions —
Part 1:
Requirements for passenger vehicle
rear-end targets
Véhicules routiers - Dispositifs d'essai pour véhicules cibles, usagers de
la route vulnérables et autres objets, pour l'évaluation de fonctions de
sécurité active —
Partie 1: Exigences pour cibles d'arrière de véhicules particuliers
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Vehicle target specifications . 2
5.1 Vehicle classes and target applicability . 2
5.2 Reference dimensional measurements . 3
5.3 Safety considerations . 4
5.4 Repairability . 4
5.5 Environmental conditions . 4
6 Vehicle target response to sensing technologies . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Optical requirements . 4
6.2.1 General. 4
6.2.2 Reference measurements . 4
6.2.3 Stability of dimensions for optical recognition . 5
6.2.4 Viewing angles . 5
6.2.5 Features related to optical requirements . 5
6.3 Radar requirements . 5
6.3.1 Reference measurements of radar properties . 5
6.3.2 Reference measurements . 5
6.3.3 Radar cross section, static measurements and requirements . 5
6.3.4 Radar recognition features of vehicle target . 5
6.3.5 Stability of dimensions for radar recognition . 5
6.4 Thermal requirements for Far Infrared vision systems . 6
6.4.1 General. 6
6.4.2 Reference measurements . 6
6.4.3 Thermal characteristics . 6
6.5 Calibration . 6
7 Motion and positioning during test for VT including target carrier system .6
7.1 General requirements . 6
7.2 Longitudinal positioning . 7
7.2.1 Speed range for operation . 7
7.2.2 Accelerations . 7
7.3 Lateral positioning . 7
7.3.1 General. 7
7.3.2 Yaw angle . 7
7.3.3 Lateral position . 7
7.4 Vertical positioning . 7
7.4.1 General. 7
7.4.2 Pitch angle . 7
7.4.3 Vertical motions . 7
Annex A (informative) Vehicle classes . 8
Annex B (normative) Sensor-specific recognition properties .10
Annex C (normative) Vehicle target measurements and measurement equipment .13
Annex D (informative) Field verification of vehicle target properties .16
Annex E (informative) Examples of existing vehicle rear-end targets .17
Bibliography .20
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 33,
Vehicle dynamics and chassis components.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19206 series can be found on the ISO website.
Introduction
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and Active Safety systems are designed to support
decision-making for the driver, extend the driver’s awareness of the traffic situation with advanced
warnings, improve the behaviour of the vehicle, and even take over vehicle control in an emergency
situation. The goal is to completely avoid an accident or at least reduce the severity of an accident.
Testing of active safety systems requires documentation of test materials, test environment, testing
procedures, and performance criteria. This document series addresses the specification of test target
objects for traffic scenarios representing vehicles, vulnerable road users and other objects in the
forward path of the subject vehicle.
This document addresses the specification of vehicle rear-end test targets (see Annex E for examples
of existing vehicle rear-end targets). A future part of this document series is intended to address also
other configurations (3D targets).
A surrogate vehicle target needs to represent a real vehicle in terms of detectability and movement. It
should also provide safety for the subject vehicle and test operators in the event that contact is made
between the subject vehicle and the target. Crashworthiness and durability requirements for the vehicle
target require that the material and construction of the vehicle target are adapted to fit the purposes.
Test cases usually address both stationary and moving vehicle targets and, as such, the physical
construction of the target accommodates a target carrier system capable of mimicking realistic
motions. This document includes requirements on the target carrier system as applicable.
Targets described in this document series may be used for system development or applied in conjunction
with existing standards, or standards under development, for assessment of ADAS and active safety
functions of vehicles.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19206-1:2018(E)
Road vehicles — Test devices for target vehicles,
vulnerable road users and other objects, for assessment of
active safety functions —
Part 1:
Requirements for passenger vehicle rear-end targets
1 Scope
This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system
detection and activation performance of active safety systems.
This document specifies the properties of a vehicle target that will allow it to represent a passenger
vehicle in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. The document addresses
the detection requirements for a vehicle target in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at
the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies.
It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as
performance requirements for the target carrier.
This document specifies the properties of the vehicle target for simulation of rear-end scenarios,
with overlap greater than 50 %. The specifications of vehicle targets in this document are intended
to address current and anticipated test protocols related to safety critical events in which the subject
vehicle approaches a stopped, braking or slower moving (target) vehicle from behind and in the forward
path of the subject vehicle.
This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions, or timing of events.
Performance criteria for the active safety system are also not addressed.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8855:2011, Road vehicles — Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability — Vocabulary
ISO 8608, Mechanical vibration — Road surface profiles — Reporting of measured data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8855:2011 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
3.1
subject vehicle
SV
vehicle with active safety system to be tested
3.2
vehicle target
VT
test device representing a vehicle in the forward path of the subject vehicle used to test active
safety systems
Note 1 to entry: This document addresses test devices representing the rear-end of a vehicle.
3.3
target structure
physical structure used to activate sensor systems representing the body of a vehicle
3.4
target carrier
mechanical system used to move the target structure according to a test protocol
Note 1 to entry: It may be self-contained within, or supporting the target structure or external devices connected
with cables, beams, or similar structures.
Note 2 to entry: Target structure fixation is included in the target carrier.
3.5
measurement equipment
equipment used to record the position and motions of the vehicle target relative to the subject vehicle to
ensure that the test protocol is followed within prescribed tolerances and to record data documenting
the function of the active safety system and allowing its performance to be assessed
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
CCD Charge-Coupled Device
FIR Far Infrared
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
NIR Near Infrared
PMD Photonic Mixer Device
RCS Radar Cross Section
5 Vehicle target specifications
5.1 Vehicle classes and target applicability
The vehicle targets specified in this document refer to passenger cars and in particular the smaller and
more common B and C class cars. See Annex A for more information.
The vehicle targets are intended for testing of systems designed to mitigate or avoid collisions in which
the subject vehicle approaches a stopped, braking, or slower moving vehicle (target) from behind and in
the forward path of the subject vehicle.
The vehicle target should withstand impacts for all rear collision overlap situations.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

For system tests, the range of potential collision situations of interest includes those having 50 % up to
100 % vehicle target width overlap.
The rear-end target should not be used in offset scenarios where subject vehicle sensors will view the
side of the vehicle target.
Figure 1 shows the ISO definition of overlap. It should be noted that the overlap is related to one of the
vehicles involved.
NOTE Vehicle width overlap specifications are typically described in a test procedure.
EXAMPLE The Euro NCAP AEB test procedure specifies 100 % vehicle width overlap.
Key
A overlap
B offset
Figure 1 — Overlap and offset definition (approximately 60 % overlap frontal collision shown)
(Source: ISO 6813)
5.2 Reference dimensional measurements
Reference measurements for the vehicle target should come from a representative sample of vehicles
from the B/C class that were manufactured within five years prior to the publication date of this
document.
General dimensions of the vehicle fleet are given in Annex A.
5.3 Safety considerations
Drivers of the subject vehicle shall not be exposed to any substantial risk of personal injury. The vehicle
target and its components should not cause more than cosmetic damage to the subject vehicle when
struck at a relative velocity of 60 km/h. The conditions specified by the test procedure application shall
be taken into consideration.
NOTE Test procedures for specific applications typically indicate what measures are taken to reduce the
risk of injury and vehicle damage. These measures can include instructions to disable subject vehicle systems
such as supplementary occupant restraints, seatbelt pre-tensioners, vulnerable user protection systems, etc.
EXAMPLE The US NHTSA test procedure for crash imminent brake system performance evaluation specifies
that the subject vehicle airbags be disabled. The Euro NCAP AEB test procedure specifies that if a vehicle is
equipped with a deployable pedestrian/VRU protection system, this system must be deactivated before the
testing commences.
5.4 Repairability
The vehicle target should be easily reassembled or repaired after minor contacts. Field repairs should
be possible to perform with hand tools. After repair or reassembly, the vehicle target shall be checked
according to 6.5.
5.5 Environmental conditions
The vehicle target shall fulfil all requirements in an ambient temperature range of −5 °C to +40 °C. The
vehicle target shall not deteriorate under storage temperatures in the range of −40 °C to +80 °C when
properly stored.
NOTE The specified temperature range recognises that there are substantial technical challenges achieving
a cost-effective target fulfilling the requirements at lower temperatures than −5 °C.
6 Vehicle target response to sensing technologies
6.1 General
Requirements related to sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this
document are listed in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4. A vehicle target intended for use with a specific set of sensing
technologies needs only to meet the requirements of those technologies.
6.2 Optical requirements
6.2.1 General
Sensors operating on optical principles include CCD and CMOS camera sensors, stereo camera sensors,
Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). These systems cover
visible and near infrared (NIR) light frequency spectra. PMD and LIDAR are more reliant on infrared
reflectivity of the target surface.
6.2.2 Reference measurements
When technology-specific measurements are required, information of the type of sensor used,
environmental conditions during measurements, and date of measurement shall be provided with
the description of the vehicle models. The version of the vehicle target and the target carrier shall be
traceable to manufacturing drawings or supplier specifications.
General dimensions of the vehicle fleet are given in Annex A.
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.2.3 Stability of dimensions for optical recognition
Target surface shall not flutter or vibrate unrealistically due to aerodynamic effects for a speed up to
50 km/h and a side wind of up to 10 m/s. Local fluttering should not exceed 10 mm perpendicularly
from the reference surface. Distortion of the vehicle shape should not exceed 10 mm in any direction.
6.2.4 Viewing angles
Viewing angles for which target should be valid, at a distance of 10 m:
— Horizontal ±5°;
— Vertical up to 10° from above if used with vehicles having high sensor positioning (e.g. commercial
vehicles, SUVs).
6.2.5 Features related to optical requirements
For camera based systems, lighter colours of vehicle targets shall be used. Silver or grey is recommended.
Contrast to background should be considered.
Features representing the rear lights, reflectors, and registration plate are required.
General requirements for the size and position of these features are available in e.g. 407/2011/EC, UN-
ECE R3, UN-ECE R48, FMVSS 108.
Features necessary for the optical recognition as specified in Annex B shall be followed.
6.3 Radar requirements
6.3.1 Reference measurements of radar properties
At the time of publication of this document, automotive applications of radar are using 24 GHz and
76 GHz – 81 GHz.
6.3.2 Reference measurements
Reference measurements for the vehicle target should come from a representative sample of vehicles
from the B/C class that were manufactured within five years prior to the public
...