ISO 19206-5:2025

International
Standard
ISO 19206-5
First edition
Road vehicles — Test devices
2025-06
for target vehicles, vulnerable
road users and other objects,
for assessment of active safety
functions —
Part 5:
Requirements for powered two-
wheeler targets
Véhicules routiers — Dispositifs d'essai pour véhicules cibles,
usagers de la route vulnérables et autres objets, pour l'évaluation
de fonctions de sécurité active —
Partie 5: Exigences pour cibles de deux-roues motorisées
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 4
5 PTW target specifications. 4
5.1 Vehicle classes and PTW target applicability .4
5.2 Reference dimensional measurements .5
5.3 Safety considerations .5
5.4 Repairability and robustness .5
5.5 Environmental conditions .5
5.6 Target coordinate system .5
5.7 Speed classes .6
6 PTW target response to sensing technologies . 6
6.1 General .6
6.2 Optical requirements .7
6.2.1 General .7
6.2.2 Reference measurements .7
6.2.3 Stability of dimensions for optical recognition .7
6.2.4 Viewing angles .7
6.2.5 Features related to optical requirements .8
6.3 Radar requirements .8
6.3.1 Reference measurements of radar properties .8
6.3.2 Reference measurements .8
6.3.3 Radar cross-section, static measurements and requirements .8
6.3.4 Radar recognition features of PTW target .8
6.3.5 Stability of dimensions for radar recognition .9
6.3.6 Micro-Doppler properties .9
6.4 Thermal requirements for far infrared vision systems .9
6.4.1 General .9
6.4.2 Reference measurements .9
6.4.3 Thermal characteristics .9
6.5 Ultra-sonic sensing requirements .9
6.6 Calibration .10
6.7 Field verification .10
7 Motion and positioning during test for PTW target including target carrier system .10
7.1 General requirements .10
7.2 Longitudinal positioning .10
7.2.1 Speed range for operation .10
7.2.2 Accelerations.10
7.3 Lateral positioning .10
7.3.1 General .10
7.3.2 Yaw rate .11
7.3.3 Lateral position .11
7.3.4 Lateral acceleration .11
7.4 Vertical positioning .11
7.4.1 General .11
7.4.2 Pitch angle .11
7.4.3 Vertical motions .11
7.5 Roll.11
Annex A (normative) PTW target dimensions and main properties .13

iii
Annex B (normative) Visual and near infrared sensor-specific recognition properties and
measurements .18
Annex C (normative) Radar-specific recognition properties and measurements .23
Annex D (normative) PTW target micro-Doppler properties .39
Annex E (informative) Field verification of PTW target properties . 41
Annex F (informative) Example PTW motorcycle and scooter dimensions .42
Annex G (informative) Properties of example motorcyclist clothing .48
Bibliography .49

iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of patents. ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of a
patents which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
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Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 33, Vehicle
dynamics, chassis components and driving automation systems testing.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19206 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
Introduction
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and active safety systems are designed to support decision-
making for the driver, extend the driver’s awareness of the traffic situation with advanced warnings,
improve the behaviour of the vehicle, and even take over vehicle control in an emergency situation. The goal
is to completely avoid an accident or at least reduce the severity of an accident.
The surrogate target is an essential component in the evaluation of ADAS/active safety functions and
different levels of automated driving systems, in all situations where a collision with the target can occur.
This document addresses the specification of test targets representing powered two-wheelers (PTW).
This includes motorcycles, scooters, mopeds and similar vehicles, referred to as “category L vehicles” in the
UNECE vehicle classification system.
In the context of this document, the term PTW target (PTWT) is used to refer to a surrogate powered two-
wheeler which includes a rider.
The characteristics of targets should be trustworthy and it is important that a PTWT is recognized as a real
vehicle by the various sensing technologies.
It is also important that a PTW test target provides safety for the subject vehicle and test operators in
the event that contact is made between the tested vehicle and the PTWT. Crashworthiness and durability
requirements for the PTWT puts specific demands on the material and construction of the PTWT to make it
fit for its purposes.
Test cases can address both stationary and moving targets and, as such, the physical construction of the
target may accommodate a target carrier system capable of mimicking realistic motions. This document
includes requirements on the target carrier system as applicable.
Targets described in the ISO 19206 series can be used for system development or applied in conjunction with
existing standards, or standards under development, for assessment of ADAS and active safety functions of
vehicles.
vi
International Standard ISO 19206-5:2025(en)
Road vehicles — Test devices for target vehicles, vulnerable
road users and other objects, for assessment of active safety
functions —
Part 5:
Requirements for powered two-wheeler targets
1 Scope
This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system
detection and activation performance of active safety systems.
This document specifies the properties of an omni-directional multi-purpose powered two-wheeler (PTW)
target for assessment of interaction in a variety of traffic scenarios.
This document specifies the properties of a PTW target (PTWT) representing a powered two-wheeler in
terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. This document addresses the detection
requirements for a PTWT in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this
document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to
verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as performance requirements for the target
carrier.
1)
The PTWTs specified in this document reflect two-wheeled vehicles corresponding to UN Category L3 and
2)
to UN Category L1 , with the restrictions that the vehicle is not intended for human propulsion (for example,
pedalling) and its two wheels are inline.
This document also addresses requirements for motion and positioning during test for PTWT including
target carrier system.
This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions or timing of events.
Performance criteria for the active safety system are also not addressed.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8855, Road vehicles — Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability — Vocabulary
ISO 8608, Mechanical vibration — Road surface profiles — Reporting of measured data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8855 and the following apply.
1) The vehicle categories are defined in Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3): https:// www
.unece .org/ trans/ main/ wp29/ wp29wgs/ wp29gen/ wp29resolutions .html .
2) See https:// www .unece .org/ trans/ main/ wp29/ wp29wgs/ wp29gen/ wp29resolutions .html .

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
subject vehicle
SV
vehicle with active safety system to be tested
3.2
powered two-wheeler
PTW
motorized two-wheeled vehicle corresponding to UN Category L1 or UN Category L3
3.3
powered two-wheeler target
PTWT
test device representing a powered two-wheeler (PTW) (3.2) with a rider, whose purpose is to activate
sensor-based active safety systems
Note 1 to entry: PTWT consists of a target structure and optionally a target carrier (3.4).
Note 2 to entry: This document addresses test devices representing a PTW having the necessary features to be
recognized from any direction (3D vehicle target).
3.3.1
PTW target structure
PTWT structure
physical structure whose purpose is to maintain the shape and provide the relevant sensor signature
representing a powered two-wheeler (PTW) (3.2) with rider
3.3.2
PTW rider
operator of a powered two-wheeler (PTW) (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 13232-1:2005, 3.1.8, modified — “motorcycle” was replaced by “PTW”.]
3.3.3
PTW target rider
PTWT rider
rider part of the powered two-wheeler target (PTWT) (3.3)
3.4
target carrier
mechanical or electro-mechanical system used to move and/or support the PTWT structure (3.3.1) according
to a test protocol
Note 1 to entry: Target carrier may be self-contained within, or supporting the target structure or external devices
connected with cables, beams, or similar structures. It can also be a self-propelled carrier.
Note 2 to entry: PTWT structure and target carrier can be integrated.
3.5
target axis system
X , Y , Z
t t t
axis system fixed in the reference frame of the target, so that, with the target at rest, the X axis is
t
substantially horizontal and forwards, and is parallel to the target’s longitudinal plane of symmetry, and the
Y axis is perpendicular to the target's longitudinal plane of symmetry and points to the left with the Z axis
t t
pointing upward
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

3.6
target coordinate system
x , y , z
t t t
coordinate system based on the target axis system (3.5) with the origin located at the target reference point (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.7
target reference point
point whose location relative to the external dimensions of the target, in its initial condition, remains
constant
Note 1 to entry: The target reference point is defined as the midpoint of the line segment connecting the tyre/ground
contact points. See Figure 2.
3.8
measurement equipment
equipment used to record the position and motions of the powered two-wheeler target (PTWT) (3.3) relative
to the subject vehicle (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The measurement is used to ensure that the test protocol is followed within prescribed tolerances
and to record data documenting the function of the active safety system and allowing its performance to be assessed.
3.9
planned path
X,Y coordinates that define the desired trajectory of the target vehicle
3.10
lateral path deviation
position error of the target vehicle relative to the planned path (3.9) measured perpendicular from the
planned path direction
Note 1 to entry: See key 1 in Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Y and X are the ground (fixed) coordinate axes in which the planned path is defined.
G G
Key
1 lateral path deviation
2 planned path
Figure 1 — Lateral path deviation
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
CCD charge-coupled device
CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
FIR far infrared
LIDAR light detection and ranging
NIR near infrared
PMD photonic mixer device
PTW powered two-wheeler
PTWT powered two-wheeler target
RCS radar cross-section
SV subject vehicle
5 PTW target specifications
5.1 Vehicle classes and PTW target applicability
The test devices described in this document are intended for testing of systems designed to mitigate or
avoid collisions in which the subject vehicle approaches the PTW target from any direction.

The PTWTs specified in this document reflect two-wheeled vehicles corresponding to UN Category L1, with
the restrictions that the vehicle is not intended for human propulsion (for example, pedalling) and its two
wheels are inline, and UN Category L3.
In real world both PTW categories show a large variety of different sizes and shapes which cannot be
represented in one target. The aim of this document is to specify a typical representative of each of the two
categories with reasonably narrow but realistic tolerances regarding their detection characteristics. The
purpose of such a well-defined target is to provide reproducible and comparable results in official tests (e.g.
type approval and consumer tests). Nevertheless, system and sensor developers may use modified targets
with deviating properties to improve detection and system performance.
The types of PTWT specified in this document correspond to motorcycles and scooters/mopeds. See
Annexes A, B, C and D for detailed information.
5.2 Reference dimensional measurements
Reference measurements for the PTW target should come from a representative sample of vehicles from
the corresponding vehicle category that were manufactured within five years prior to the publication date
of this document. General dimensions of common PTW motorcycle and scooter categories and models are
given in Annex A. Background data from reference measurements are shown in Annex F.
5.3 Safety considerations
Drivers of the subject vehicle shall not be exposed to any substantial risk of personal injury. The PTW target
and its components should not cause more than cosmetic damage to the subject vehicle when struck at a
relative velocity of 60 km/h. The conditions specified by the test procedure application shall be taken into
consideration.
NOTE Test procedures for specific applications typically indicate what measures are taken to reduce the risk
of injury and vehicle damage. These measures can include instructions to disable subject vehicle systems such as
supplementary occupant restraints, seatbelt pre-tensioners, vulnerable user protection systems, etc.
5.4 Repairability and robustness
The PTW target should be easily reassembled or repaired after contacts. Field repairs should be possible to
perform with standard hand tools and supplies. The sensor specific characteristics shall also be met after
re-assembly and repair.
NOTE This requirement does not apply to disposable and single impact targets.
5.5 Environmental conditions
The PTW target shall fulfil all requirements in an ambient temperature range of −5 °C to +40 °C. The PTW
target shall not deteriorate under storage temperatures in the range of −40 °C to +80 °C when properly stored.
NOTE The specified temperature range recognizes that there are substantial technical challenges achieving a
cost-effective target fulfilling the requirements at lower temperatures than −5 °C.
5.6 Target coordinate system
The reference target coordinate system in this document essentially adopts the coordinate system given in
ISO 8855, adapting it to the purpose of the target vehicle movement. The target reference point is defined as
the midpoint of the line segment connecting the tyre/ground contact points. See Figure 2.

Figure 2 — Target coordinate system
5.7 Speed classes
The speed classes in Table 1 are applicable according to this document.
Table 1 — Speed classes
Speed class Description
SC50 Operational speed up to 50 km/h (13,9 m/s)
SC80 Operational speed up to 80 km/h (22,2 m/s)
SC80+ Operational speed up to and greater than 80 km/h (22,2 m/s)
6 PTW target response to sensing technologies
6.1 General
Requirements related to sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document
are listed in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4. A PTWT intended for use with a specific set of sensing technologies needs only
to meet the requirements of those technologies.

6.2 Optical requirements
6.2.1 General
Sensors operating on optical principles include CCD and CMOS camera sensors, mono and stereo camera
sensors, photonic mixer devices (PMD) and light detection and ranging (LIDAR). These systems cover visible
and near infrared light frequency spectra.
The definition of optical requirements depends on the utilized sensor. For LIDAR sensors the reflectivity of
the different target elements is the dominating characteristic, and the shape is a secondary feature. For a
camera shape and colours of the whole PTW including all major design elements play a dominating role. A
PMD sensor requires both realistic shape and reflectivity of all target elements.
6.2.2 Reference measurements
When technology-specific measurements are required, information regarding the sensor specifications,
environmental conditions during measurements, and date of measurement shall be provided with the
description of the vehicle models. The version of the PTWT and the target carrier shall be traceable to
manufacturing drawings or supplier specifications.
6.2.3 Stability of dimensions for optical recognition
PTWT surface shall not flutter or vibrate unrealistically due to aerodynamic effects for the applicable speed
class and a side wind of up to 5 m/s. Local fluttering should not exceed 10 mm perpendicularly from the
reference surface. Distortion of the vehicle shape should not exceed 25 mm in any direction.
6.2.4 Viewing angles
Main angles for recognition are shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 target reference point
Figure 3 — Viewing angles
6.2.5 Features related to optical requirements
The visual difference between the PTWT and a typical category L1/L3 PTW should be as small as possible.
To provide a realistic detectability for all optical sensors, the PTWTs for a motorcycle and a scooter shall
have typical shapes of the whole PTW and of the major design elements with typical reflectivity of all target
elements.
PTWT shape requirements shall include the following properties:
— the PTWT for L3 motorcycles shall consist of elements representing engine, tank, driver and seat, wheels,
exhaust pipe, handlebar, suspension fork (front and rear), registration plate, mirrors, front and rear
lights, rear and side reflectors, turn signal indicator (when capable of active illumination, see B.3);
— the PTWT for L1 scooters shall consist of parts representing driver and seat, wheels, handlebar,
suspension fork (front and rear), top case, registration plate, mirrors, front and rear lights, rear and side
reflectors, turn signal indicator (when capable of active illumination, see B.3);
— the PTWT shall have symmetry about the x-z plane (e.g. exhaust pipes on both sides of the L3 PTWT);
— the PTWT rider shall wear a helmet;
— the PTWT wheels, with rim and tire shall be round and of realistic dimensions.
NOTE General requirements for the size and position of the features for lights and reflectors are available in
regulations listed in References [8] to [12].
For camera-based systems lighter colours of PTW targets shall be used to generate a high contrast to the
background. For more details, see Annex B. In addition, Annex G provides data from reference measurements
on typical PTW rider clothing materials.
Dimensions specified in Annex A and features necessary for the optical recognition as specified in Annex B
shall be followed.
6.3 Radar requirements
6.3.1 Reference measurements of radar properties
At the time of publication of this document, automotive applications of radar are using 24 GHz and 76 GHz
– 81 GHz.
6.3.2 Reference measurements
Reference measurements for the PTW target should come from a representative sample of typical category
L1/L3 PTWs that were manufactured within five years prior to the publication date of this document.
When technology-specific measurements are required, information regarding the sensor specifications,
environmental conditions during measurements and date of measurement shall be provided with the
description of the PTW models. The version of the PTW target and the target carrier shall be traceable to
manufacturing drawings or supplier specifications.
6.3.3 Radar cross-section, static measurements and requirements
Measurement of radar cross-section as described in Annex C shall be followed.
6.3.4 Radar recognition features of PTW target
Features necessary for radar recognition as specified in Annex C shall be followed.

6.3.5 Stability of dimensions for radar recognition
Local fluttering due to aerodynamic effects should not cause radar signature to vary, including micro-
doppler effects, for the applicable speed class and a side wind of up to 5 m/s.
6.3.6 Micro-Doppler properties
Micro-Doppler effects generated by the rotating wheels can be an important identification characteristic of
PTWs for certain radar recognition technologies.
The PTW target shall provide means of producing micro-Doppler effects, these shall be analogous to those
produced by rotating wheels appropriately distributed with respect to two rotation centres, i.e. the front
and rear axles, and corresponding to the speed of the PTW target.
Characteristics as specified in Annex D shall be followed.
6.4 Thermal requirements for far infrared vision systems
6.4.1 General
The PTW target is defined as possessing the optical characteristics according to 6.2 with features added to
provide response to thermal sensing. Inclusion of passive thermal sensor requirements is optional.
Far infrared (FIR) vision systems can provide information to active safety systems in conditions of low
light or otherwise limited visibility. A thermal camera detects far-infrared electromagnetic radiation with a
wavelength in the range of 8 μm to 14 μm. Imaging is provided by means of an appropriate camera.
6.4.2 Reference measurements
When technology specific measurements are required, information regarding the sensor specifications,
environmental conditions during measurements and date of measurement shall be provided with the
description of the measured subjects and/or target. The version of the target and the target carrier shall be
traceable to manufacturing drawings or supplier specifications.
6.4.3 Thermal characteristics
PTW targets commonly in use at the time of publication of this document do not feature vehicle-specific
FIR characteristics. Developers of PTW targets that incorporate such characteristics should ensure that the
characteristics are comparable to typical vehicles represented by the target.
Characterization of these properties should follow the steps below:
a) measurement of typical vehicles,
b) establishment of boundaries,
c) verification that the PTW target FIR measurements are within the specified boundaries.
6.5 Ultra-sonic sensing requirements
At the time of publication of this document, automotive applications of ultrasonic sensors are using sound
frequency in the range of 40 kHz to 60 kHz.
Ultra-sonic sensing is restricted to static and slowly moving objects and to small distances (typically below
5 m). Therefore, detailed specifications of ultra-sonic properties are not considered in this document.
Appropriate surfaces of the PTW target will provide sufficient ultra-sonic sensor detection.

6.6 Calibration
The PTW target manufacturer shall provide a certificate detailing which test information has been used to
verify the product performance and which sensor technologies it conforms to.
Calibration shall be based on representative characteristics of the applied detection technology as described
in 6.2, 6.3 and (optionally) 6.4, and the related annexes.
6.7 Field verification
For field verification of PTW target functionality, see Annex E.
7 Motion and positioning during test for PTW target including target carrier system
7.1 General requirements
The target carrier system shall be capable of positioning the PTW target within tolerances required
by the test procedure application. Repeatable test performance requires that subject vehicle and PTW
target relative speed and position should be consistent between test repetitions. Unless more stringent
requirements are needed by a specific test procedure, the positioning requirements given in Clause 7 are
3)
the minimum requirements for the PTW target. ISO/TS 19206-7 provides more specific requirements on
motion and positioning.
The following requirements and recommendations apply to the target carrier system:
— the target carrier system and resulting motion of the PTW target shall minimally affect target
characteristics (radar, optical signature, etc.);
— the target carrier shall accelerate and decelerate in a manner analogous to the motion of the PTW
represented, except for actions intended to avoid impact or damage;
— all visible parts of the target carrier system should be coloured to minimize the contrast with background
(e.g. grey) to approximate the test area road surface. In case of a uniform background the colour shade of
the background can be used.
The positioning requirements in 7.2 and 7.3 are with reference to a coordinate system oriented with the
PTW target. The longitudinal axis is parallel with the direction of travel, see Figure 2.
7.2 Longitudinal positioning
7.2.1 Speed range for operation
The steady-state speed control accuracy shall be ±0,5 km/h (±0,14 m/s) for the speed classes in Table 1.
7.2.2 Accelerations
2 2
Deceleration/braking of at least 4 m/s is required. Acceleration of at least 1 m/s is recommended.
7.3 Lateral positioning
7.3.1 General
The PTW target shall be able to meet the lateral positioning requirements in 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 while operating
in the speed range defined in 7.2.1 over a smooth road surface no rougher than road class A as defined in
ISO 8608.
3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD TS 19206-7:2025.

7.3.2 Yaw rate
When using a self-propelled target carrier, the PTW target shall be capable of achieving a straight line path
while operating in the speed range defined in 7.2.1, with a filtered yaw rate deviation with at least 85 % of
the filtered data points within a tolerance of ±3°/s, using a 12-pole phaseless Butterworth filter with a cut-
off frequency of 2 Hz applied to the data.
7.3.3 Lateral position
The PTW target shall be able to maintain a lateral path deviation of ±0,2 m during straight line manoeuvres
or during a steady-state turning manoeuvre.
7.3.4 Lateral acceleration
The PTW target shall be able to achieve a lateral acceleration of ±3 m/s during turning manoeuvres.
7.4 Vertical positioning
7.4.1 General
The PTW target shall be able to meet the vertical positioning requirements in 7.4.2 and 7.4.3 while operating
in the speed range defined in 7.2.1 over a smooth road surface no rougher than road class A as defined in
ISO 8608.
7.4.2 Pitch angle
For straight line motions at constant speed, the pitch angle of the PTW target shall not exceed ±2°.
7.4.3 Vertical motions
The PTW target average surface should not vibrate or bounce more than 25 mm when operating in the speed
range defined in 7.2.1 over a smooth road surface.
7.5 Roll
For straight motions, the roll angle should be upright within ±5°.
If the test conditions require a turn at constant speed (steady-state turn), a realistic roll angle can be
determined as shown in Figure 4 and using Formula (1).

Figure 4 — Roll definitions
 
v
ϕ =arctan (1)
 
 
gr
 
where
ϕ is the roll angle;
m is the mass;
r is the turn radius;
v is the forward speed;
g is the acceleration of gravity.

Annex A
(normative)
PTW target dimensions and main properties
A.1 Overview of types, sizes and classes
The PTWTs specified in this document are representative of a range of PTWs in use in areas of the world
having substantial ADAS market penetration.
Table A.1 provides descriptions of the different PTW motorcycle types that were considered for the
development of the PTWT motorcycle specification. The example models are generally available in Europe
and North America.
NOTE Separate measurements were carried out for the development of the PTW scooter target. The PTW scooter
measurements are based on scooters that are available in China, but also common in other parts of Asia.
Table A.1 — PTW motorcycle types
Market description Characteristics/description Examples
Traditional, Standard Upright seating position, no fairing, but may Triumph Bonneville T120,
include a simple windscreen. Exposed engine/ Yamaha MT-07, Honda
drivetrain. CB300R, Yamaha SR500, Ka-
wasaki Z800, Kawasaki ER6n
Cruiser Low saddle height, forward footrest (typical), laid Harley-Davidson Low Rider
back seating position, exposed engine/drivetrain. (FXLRS), Indian Chief
Sportbike Streamlined bodywork, forward crouch seating Honda CBR600RR, Yamaha
position, high performance, short wheelbase, low YZF-R1, Suzuki GSX-R750
handlebar position, enclosed engine, rear mount-
ed footrests.
Touring Large motorcycle with wind protection and Honda Goldwing, BMW K
extensive luggage capacity, upright seating po- 1600, Yamaha Star, Har-
sition and handlebars, engine may or may not be ley-Davidson Road Glide
enclosed. (FLHTKSE)
Sport-touring Semi upright seating position, limited luggage Yamaha FJR1300, KTM 1290
capacity. e Super Duke, BMW S1000 R,
Honda VFR800
Adventure bike Upright seating position, longer suspension and BMW R1250 GS, KTM 1290
ground clearance, wide, upright handlebars, lug- Super Adventure, Honda
gage capabilities, exposed engine/drivetrain. Africa Twin
Dual-purpose Designed for use on and off highway. Upright Honda XR650L, Suzuki
seating position and handlebars. DR650, Suzuki DR-Z400s
A.2 PTW target dimensions
A.2.1 General
Dimensional data for the PTWT are based on measurements carried out during the development of this
document. Background data from reference measurements are shown in Annex F.

A.2.2 PTWT motorcycle with rider dimensions and posture
Figure A.1, Table A.2, and Table A.3 provide the dimensional data to be followed for PTWT motorcycle with
rider. Table A.2 and Table A.3 provide the minimum and maximum values of the data.
The individual PTW motorcycles measured vary quite widely in appearance. In the design of a PTWT, the
selection of dimensions should be applied in general proportion to the type of PTW that it is intended to
represent.
NOTE Numbers and letters refer to Table A.2 and Table A.3.
Figure A.1 — PTWT motorcycle with rider dimensions and posture references
Table A.2 — PTWT motorcycle with rider dimensions and posture references (letters)
Item Description x - Distance from z - Height above
wheelbase midpoint ground
[mm] [mm]
Min. Max. Min. Max.
A Front axle centre 690 730 280 340
B Rear axle centre −730 −690 280 340
C Handlebar centre at hand 290 380 1 000 1 060
D Front beam centre 600 730 760 960
E Rear end centre −1 060 −860 900 1 060
a
F Ankle centre −270 −230 330 490
a
G Knee centre −70 40 700 790
a
H Hip centre −420 −380 850 940
a
I Shoulder centre −240 −180 1 350 1 410
b
J Head centre −150 −80 1 500 1 580
K Wheel dist
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