ISO 21819-2:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21819-2
First edition
2018-08
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Characteristic of piezoelectric
properties under high-load
conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method
under high vibration levels
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Caractéristique des propriétés piézoélectriques en
conditions de charge élevée —
Partie 2: Méthode de la réponse transitoire électrique sous des
niveaux vibratoires élevés
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 2
6 Measurement equipment . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Function generator . 4
6.3 Power amplifier . 4
6.4 Vibration velocity meter . 4
6.5 Current probe . 5
6.6 Digital storage oscilloscope. 5
6.7 Test piece holder . 5
6.8 Numerical analysis software (numerical analyser). 5
7 Specimens . 5
7.1 Test piece form . 5
7.2 Measurement of test piece density . 5
7.3 Measurement of characteristics values . 5
8 Measurement procedures . 6
9 Analytical procedures . 6
10 Calculation of characteristic values . 8
10.1 Calculation procedures for characteristic values . 8
10.2 How to obtain principal constants and round off characteristic values . 9
11 Report of test results .10
Annex A (informative) Example of a data evaluation .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
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iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21819-2:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Characteristic of piezoelectric properties
under high-load conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method under high
vibration levels
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of measuring piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics
and other piezoelectric devices. It applies to electrical transient response methods for evaluating the
piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics resonators under high vibration levels.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20507, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20507 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
electrical transient response method
method in which a voltage close to the resonance frequency is applied to a piezoelectric fine ceramic
resonator, and a large amplitude state is realized by driving only for a brief time until vibration is
excited, before characteristics of piezoelectric properties under an arbitrary vibration level are
evaluated by using the attenuation waveform of vibration velocity and the current under short circuit
of the electrical terminal
Note 1 to entry: Superior ability to exclude the effects of external electrical fields and temperature allows
measurement and evaluation of characteristics in a vibrational stress load environment excluding these factors.
3.2
burst
driving for only a brief duration to excite vibration
4 Symbols
A Force factor (N/V)
d Equivalent piezoelectric constant (C/N)
f Resonance frequency of current (Hz)
ri
f Resonance frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv
f Instantaneous frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv1
i Current (A)
l Instantaneous amplitude of current (A)
l Amplitude of current (A)
M Mass of test piece determined in 7.2 (kg)
Q * Equivalent mechanical quality factor
m
E 2
s * Equivalent elastic compliance(m /N)
t Time (s)
T * Amplitude of equivalent maximum stress on central region of test piece (Pa)
m
v Vibration velocity (m/s)
V Amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
V Instantaneous amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
X Width of test piece (m)
Y Length of test piece (m)
−1
β Decay constant of current (S )
i
−1
β Decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v
−1
β Instantaneous decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v1
ϕ Initial phase of current
i
Φ Initial phase of vibration velocity
v
ρ Density determined in 7.2 (kg/m )
5 Principle
A voltage e near the resonance frequency of a piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator is applied to driving
voltage then reduced to 0, placing the electrical terminals in a shorted state (e = 0, see Figure 1).
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Key
1 burst drive
2 short circuited
3 voltage
4 vibration velocity
5 current
6 time
Figure 1 — Waveform of vibration velocity and current during burst voltage driving of a
piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator
The decay waveforms of vibration velocity v and current i when electrical terminals are shorted
(e = 0) after burst driving decay with a mechanical resonance frequency are shown in Formula (1) and
Formula (2) (see Figure 1).
−β t
v
vV=+εϕsin(2πft ) (1)
0 rv v
−β t
i
iI=+εϕsin(2πft ) (2)
0 ri i
β and β , and likewise f and f , can be taken as nearly the same values, but considering that this is a
v i rv ri
measurement analysis concerning mechanical vibration level, β is used as a decay constant and f is
v rv
used as a resonance frequency. In a large amplitude range, various other factors can also produce other
frequency components. Consequently, only a first (fundamental) resonance frequency component is
extracted from the decay waveform of the vibration velocity and the current when electrical terminals
are shorted; the amplitude of the vibration velocity V , the amplitude of current l , resonance frequency
1 1
f and decay constant β in a selected schedule are measured and calculated, and these values are
rv1 v1
used to calculate the required constants at a selected vibration velocity. A voltage is applied only for
a brief duration, and it then drops to 0 V, meaning that the electrical field applied to elements after
electrical terminals are shorted and is also deemed zero, and since driving is only for a brief duration,
measurements can be made under conditions where temperature change attributable to vibration loss
is negligible, and piezoelectric characteristics can be evaluated in a vibrational stress load environment
[1–10]
free from the effects of external electrical fields and temperature .
6 Measurement equipment
6.1 General
This clause details the apparatus used for measurement. Figure 2 also presents a simplified schematic
of the measurement apparatus. A calibrated apparatus is use
...