ISO/IEC 25434:2007

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 25434
Second edition
2007-06-15
Information technology — Data
interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm
optical disk using +R DL format —
Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes and 2,66 Gbytes
per side (recording speed up to 8x)
Technologies de l'information — Échange de données sur disque
optique de 120 mm et 80 mm utilisant le format +R DL — Capacité:
8,55 Go et 2,66 Go par face (vitesse d'enregistrement 8x)

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2007
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©  ISO/IEC 2007
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ii © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. vii
Introduction . viii
Section 1 - General . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Optical disk. 1
2.2 Generating system. 2
2.3 Receiving system. 2
2.4 Compatibility statement . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Conventions and notations . 5
5.1 Representation of numbers . 5
5.2 Names . 5
6 Abbreviations and acronyms . 6
7 General description of the optical disk . 6
8 General Requirements. 7
8.1 Environments . 7
8.2 Safety requirements . 8
8.3 Flammability . 8
8.4 Light fastness. 8
9 Reference Drive. 9
9.1 Optical system . 9
9.2 Optical beam . 9
9.3 Read channel 1. 10
9.4 Disk clamping. 10
9.5 Rotation of the disk . 11
9.6 Wobble channel (Read channel 2) . 11
9.7 Tracking channel (Read channel 2) . 11
9.8 Reference servo systems . 11
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk. 14
10 Dimensional characteristics . 14
10.1 Reference Planes. 15
10.2 Overall dimensions. 16
10.3 First transition area . 16
10.4 Second transition area . 17
10.5 Clamping Zone . 17
10.6 Third transition area . 17
10.7 Information Zone. 17
10.8 Rim area. 19
10.9 Remark on tolerances . 19
11 Mechanical characteristics . 19
11.1 Mass . 19
11.2 Moment of inertia. 19
11.3 Dynamic imbalance . 19
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved iii

11.4 Axial runout . 19
11.5 Radial runout . 20
12 Optical characteristics in the Information Zone . 21
12.1 Index of refraction. 21
12.2 Thickness of the substrate. 21
12.3 Reflectivity . 22
12.4 Birefringence . 22
12.5 Angular deviation. 22
Section 3 - Format of information. 23
13 Data format . 23
13.1 Data Frames. 23
13.2 Scrambled Frames . 26
13.3 ECC Blocks. 26
13.4 Recording Frames. 28
13.5 Modulation and NRZI conversion. 28
13.6 Physical Sectors . 29
13.7 Layout of a Recording UNit (RUN). 30
13.8 d.c. component suppression control. 31
14 Track format. 32
14.1 Track shape . 32
14.2 Track path . 33
14.3 Track pitch . 33
14.4 Track layout . 33
Section 4 - Format of the Information Zone . 56
15 General description of the Information Zone . 56
16 Layout of the Information Zone of a Single-session disk. 56
16.1 Usage of the Data Zone . 58
16.2 Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs). 60
17 Inner Drive Areas . 61
17.1 Initial Zone / Final Zone . 61
17.2 Inner Disk Test Zones. 62
17.3 Count Zone Run-in / Dummy Zone. 62
17.4 Inner Disk Count Zones. 62
17.5 Inner Disk Administration Zone. 62
17.6 Table of Contents (TOC) Zone . 63
18 Lead-in Zone. 68
18.1 Guard Zone 1 . 69
18.2 Reserved Zone 1 . 69
18.3 Reserved Zone 2 . 69
18.4 Inner Disk Identification Zone. 69
18.5 Reserved Zone 3 . 69
18.6 Reference Code Zone . 70
18.7 Buffer Zone 1 . 70
18.8 Control Data Zone . 70
18.9 Buffer Zone 2 . 73
19 Data Zone. 73
20 Middle Zones . 73
20.1 Buffer Zones 3 . 75
20.2 Reserved Zones . 75
20.3 Guard Zones 2 . 75
21 Outer Drive Areas. 75
21.1 Outer Disk Administration Zones. 75
21.2 Outer Disk Count Zones . 76
21.3 Dummy Zone / Count Zone Run-in. 77
iv © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

21.4 Outer Disk Test Zone. 77
21.5 Guard Zones 3. 77
22 Lead-out Zone . 77
22.1 Lead-out Zone at finalization . 77
22.2 Lead-out Zone at closing of first Session . 78
23 Multi-session Layout . 79
23.1 Intro . 80
23.2 Data Zone. 80
23.3 Closure. 80
24 Sequential recording in Fragments . 81
24.1 Opening a Session. 81
24.2 Closing a Session. 83
24.3 Finalizing the disk. 84
25 Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs). 84
26 Disk Control Blocks. 84
26.1 General format of Disk Control Blocks. 85
26.2 Format of the Session DCB (SDCB). 86
Section 5 - Characteristics of the groove. 90
27 General. 90
28 Method of testing. 91
28.1 Environment . 91
28.2 Reference Drive. 91
28.3 Definition of signals. 91
29 Characteristics of the groove signals. 92
29.1 Phase depth. 92
29.2 Push-pull signal . 92
29.3 Track Cross signal. 93
29.4 Normalized wobble signal. 93
29.5 Characteristics of the wobble. 93
Section 6 - Characteristics of the recording layer. 94
30 Method of testing. 94
30.1 Environment . 94
30.2 Reference Drive. 94
30.3 Write conditions. 95
30.4 Measurement conditions . 97
31 Characteristics of the recorded signals . 97
31.1 Channel bit length. 97
31.2 Definition of signals. 97
31.3 Read stability. 99
32 Additional testing conditions . 99
32.1 Test environment. 99
32.2 Definition of signals. 100
33 Quality of the recording layer. 102
33.1 Defects . 102
33.2 Data errors. 102
Section 7 - Characteristics of user data . 103
34 Method of testing. 103
34.1 Environment . 103
34.2 Reference Drive. 103
35 Minimum quality of a Recording Unit . 104
35.1 Tracking . 104
35.2 User-written data. 104
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved v

Annex A (normative) 80 mm +R DL disk . 105
Annex B (normative) Structure for Extended format information in the Data Zone. 109
Annex C (normative) Measurement of light reflectivity. 112
Annex D (normative) Measurement of birefringence. 114
Annex E (normative) Measuring conditions for operation signals . 117
Annex F (normative) Measurement of the differential phase tracking error . 120
Annex G (normative) The write pulse wave form for testing . 124
Annex H (normative) 8-to-16 Modulation . 129
Annex I (normative) Optimum Power Control and Recording Conditions . 137
Annex J (informative) Running OPC. 140
Annex K (informative) Wavelength dependency . 141
Annex L (informative) Explanation about the usage of the reference servos. 146
Annex M (informative) Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude . 151
Annex N (informative) Light fastness of the disk. 153
Annex O (informative) Transportation. 154
Annex P (informative) Video Content Protection System . 155
Annex Q (informative) How to use the Physical format information in ADIP. 156
Annex R (informative) Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications . 158

vi © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 25434 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-364) and was adopted, under a special
“fast-track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with
its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 25434:2006), which has been technically
revised.
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved vii

Introduction
Ecma Technical Committee TC 31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and
Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to
ISO/IEC toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm and
356 mm media. Numerous standards have been developed by TC 31 and published by Ecma, almost all of
which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards.
In July 2004 a group of Companies proposed to TC 31 to develop a standard for 120 mm dual layer
recordable optical disks using the WORM recording technology and based on the DVD − Read-Only standard
(ISO/IEC 16448), the +RW format (ISO/IEC 17341) and the +R format (ISO/IEC 17344). TC 31 adopted this
project and started the work that has resulted in the adoption of ISO/IEC 25434.
This International Standard specifies two Types of recordable optical disks, one (Type S9) making use of
recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 8,55 or 2,66 Gbytes per disk and
the other (Type D18) making use of recording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 17,1
or 5,32 Gbytes per disk.
In October 2005 a proposal was made to TC 31 to update this International standard for recording speeds up
to 8 times the Reference velocity. TC 31 adopted this project which resulted in the adoption of ISO/IEC 25434
nd
2 Edition.
This International Standard, taken together with a standard for volume and file structure, such as for instance
developed in Ecma Technical Committee TC 15, provides the requirements for information interchange
between systems.
viii © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25434:2007(E)

Information technology — Data interchange on 120 mm and
80 mm optical disk using +R DL format — Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes
and 2,66 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 8x)
Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm
recordable optical disks with capacities of 8,55 Gbytes and 17,1 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded
and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information
interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written once and read many times using a non-
reversible method. These disks are identified as +R DL.
This International Standard also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 2,66 Gbytes and 5,32 Gbytes. These
disks have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller
dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in Annex A.
This International Standard specifies
⎯ two related but different Types of this disk (see Clause 7),
⎯ the conditions for conformance,
⎯ the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,
⎯ the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical
interchange between data processing systems,
⎯ the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the
error correcting codes and the coding method,
⎯ the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the
data from the disk.
This International Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a
standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical disk
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk
shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its
Type.
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved 1

2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is
in accordance with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle both Types of
optical disk according to 2.1.
2.4 Compatibility statement
A claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this International Standard shall include a
statement listing any other standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers of the standards,
the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or both
reading and writing.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4873:1991, Information technology — ISO 8-bit code for information interchange — Structure and rules
for implementation
ISO 16448:2002, Information technology — 120 mm DVD — Read-only disk
ISO 16449:2002, Information technology — 80 mm DVD — Read-only disk
ISO 17341:2006, Information technology — Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW
Format — Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 4X)
ISO 17344:2006, Information technology — Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R
Format — Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X)
ISO 26925:2006, Information technology — Digital storage media for information interchange — Data
Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format — Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per
Side (Recording speed 8X)
ECMA-287 (2002), Safety of electronic equipment
4 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
Channel bit
the elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk
4.2
Clamping Zone
the annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device
2 © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

4.3
Digital Sum Value (DSV)
the arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value +1 to bits set to ONE and the
decimal value −1 to bits set to ZERO
4.4
Disk Reference Plane
a plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping Zone of the
disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation
4.5
dummy substrate
a layer, which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and, in some cases,
of the recording layer as well
4.6
entrance surface
the surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges
4.7
field
a subdivision of a sector
4.8
groove
a trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information and used to define the track
location
NOTE The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the so-called land in between the grooves. The
recording is made on the groove.
4.9
interleaving
the process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to
burst errors
4.10
layer structure
dual layer DVD discs generally are constructed according to one of the following two structures:
“2P” structure: in this method the first recording layer (L0) is applied to the substrate with the impressed
pre-groove, after which the recording layer is covered with a semi-transparent mirror. On top of this structure a
spacer layer is applied, which in general consists of a Photo-Polymerisation (2P) lacquer, in which the pre-
groove for the second layer is impressed and fixated by means of UV-light. Next the second recording layer
(L1) and a mirror are applied. Finally the dummy substrate is glued onto this structure.
“inverted-stack” structure: in this method the first recording layer (L0) is applied to the substrate with the
impressed pre-groove, after which the recording layer is covered with a semi-transparent mirror. The dummy
substrate with the impressed pre-groove for the second layer is covered with the mirror after which the
recording layer (L1) is applied. Next the two substrates are glued together, separated by a spacer.
“2P” structure “inverted-stack” structure
dummy-substrate dummy-substrate
mirror mirror
recording layer recording layer
spacer glue spacer
semi-mirror semi-mirror
recording layer recording layer
substrate substrate
laser laser
beam beam
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved 3

4.11
mark
a non-reversible feature of the recording layer which may take the form of less reflective area, a pit, or any
other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.12
Multi-session disk
a disk containing more than one set of Lead-in/Intro, Data, and Lead-out/Closure Zones
4.13
Physical Sector
the smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently
of other addressable parts of the Zone
4.14
recording layer
a layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and/or use
4.15
Reed-Solomon code (RS)
an error detection and/or correction code
4.16
Reference velocity
the linear velocity that results in the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s
4.17
Single-session disk
a disk containing a Lead-in Zone, one Data Zone and a Lead-out Zone
4.18
session
a continuous part of the Information Zone of the disk consisting of a Lead-in or Intro Zone, a Data Zone and a
Lead-out or Closure Zone
4.19
space
a feature of the recording layer represented by any area between two marks which can be sensed by the
optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.20
spacer
a transparent layer of the disk, provided for achieving an accurate separation of the pair of recording layers
which are accessed by the optical beam through the same entrance surface
4.21
substrate
a transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the
optical beam accesses the recording layer
4.22
track
a 360° turn of a continuous spiral
4 © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

4.23
track pitch
the distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction
4.24
VCPS
Video Content Protection System
a method to prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the
DVD+R/+RW Video Format
NOTE See Annex P.
4.25
wobble
a continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline
NOTE Location information is included as phase modulated data in the wobble.
4.26
zone
an annular area of the disk
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value may be rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For
instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of
− 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,274.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most
significant bit shown to the left. In a pattern of n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b
n-1 0
shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b shall be recorded first.
n-1
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two's complement.
In each data field, the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, shall be
recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last.
In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b the least significant bit (lsb). Bit
(8n-1) 0
b shall be recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with an initial capital.
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved 5

6 Abbreviations and acronyms
a.c. alternating current NRZ Non Return to Zero
ADIP Address in Pre-groove NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted
ASM Asymmetry NSL Normalized Slicing Level
BP Byte Position NWPW Normalized Write Power Window
BPF Band Pass Filter OPC Optimum Power Control
CAV Constant Angular Velocity OTP Opposite Track Path
CLD Constant Linear Density PAA Physical Address in ADIP
CLV Constant Linear Velocity PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
cm current mark PI Parity of Inner-code
d.c. direct current PLL Phase Locked Loop
DCB Disk Control Block PO Parity of Outer-code
DCC d.c. component suppression Control PP Push-Pull
DSV Digital Sum Value pp peak-to-peak
ECC Error Correction Code ps previous space
EDC Error Detection Code PSN Physical Sector Number
EI Extended Information PTP Parallel Track Path
HF High Frequency RIN Relative Intensity Noise
ID Identification Data RPM Revolutions per Minute
IED ID Error Detection code RS Reed-Solomon code
LPF Low Pass filter RSV Reserved
LSB Least Significant Byte (in use by specific applications)
lsb Least Significant Bit RUN Recording UNit
LSN Logical Sector Number SDCB Session DCB
MSB Most Significant Byte SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
msb Most Significant Bit SYNC Synchronization code
NA Numerical Aperture TOC Table of Contents
7 General description of the optical disk
The optical disk that is the subject of this Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive
layer, so that the recording layer(s) is (are) on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of
the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently accessed. Clamping is performed in the Clamping
Zone. This Standard provides for two Types of such disks.
Type S9 consists of a substrate, a dummy substrate and two recording layers with a spacer between
them. Both recording layers can be accessed from one side only. The capacity is 8,55 Gbytes
for the 120 mm sized disk and 2,66 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.
Type D18 consists of two substrates, each having two recording layers with a spacer between those two
recording layers. From each side of the disk only one pair of recording layers can be accessed.
The capacity is 17,1 Gbyte
...