ISO/IEC 12862:2011

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 12862
Second edition
2011-05-01
Information technology — 120 mm
(8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm
(2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD recordable
disk for dual layer (DVD-R for DL)
Technologies de l'information — Disques DVD enregistrables de
120 mm (8,54 Go par face) et 80 mm (2,66 Go par face) pour double
couche (DVD-R pour DL)
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
©  ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction.viii
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
2.1 Optical Disk.1
2.2 Generating system.2
2.3 Receiving system.2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Conventions and notations .6
5.1 Representation of numbers.6
5.2 Names.6
6 Abbreviated terms.6
7 General description of a disk .8
8 General requirement.9
8.1 Environments.9
8.1.1 Test environment.9
8.1.2 Operating environment.9
8.1.3 Storage environment.10
8.1.4 Transportation .10
8.2 Safety requirements.10
8.3 Flammability.10
9 Reference measurement devices.10
9.1 Pick-Up Head (PUH).10
9.1.1 PUH for measuring recorded disks .10
9.1.2 PUH for measuring unrecorded disks.12
9.2 Measurement conditions .13
9.2.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk .13
9.2.2 Recorded disk.13
9.2.3 Unrecorded disk.13
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function.14
9.4 Reference servo for axial tracking.14
9.4.1 Recorded disk.14
9.4.2 Unrecorded disk.15
9.5 Reference servo for radial tracking .16
9.5.1 Recorded disk.16
9.5.2 Unrecorded disk.17
10 Dimensional characteristics.18
10.1 Overall dimensions.20
10.2 First transition area .20
10.3 Second transition area.21
10.4 Clamping Zone.21
10.5 Third transition area.21
10.6 R-Information Zone .22
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the R-Information Zone.22
10.7 Information Zone .22
10.7.1 Sub-divisions of the Information zone.22
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii

10.8 Track geometry.23
10.8.1 Track Path.23
10.9 Channel bit length.24
10.10 Rim area.24
10.11 Remark on tolerances .25
10.12 Label.25
11 Mechanical parameters.25
11.1 Mass.25
11.2 Moment of inertia.25
11.3 Dynamic imbalance.25
11.4 Sense of rotation.25
11.5 Runout.25
11.5.1 Axial runout.25
11.5.2 Radial runout.26
12 Optical parameters.26
12.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk parameters .26
12.1.1 Index of refraction.26
12.1.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate .26
12.1.3 Angular deviation.27
12.1.4 Birefringence of the transparent substrate.27
12.2 Recorded disk reflectivity.27
12.3 Unrecorded disk parameters .28
12.3.1 Polarity of reflectivity modulation.28
12.3.2 Recording power sensitivity variation.28
13 Operational signals for recorded disk.28
13.1 Measurement conditions .28
13.2 Read conditions.28
13.3 Recorded disk high frequency (HF) signals .28
13.3.1 Modulated amplitude.28
13.3.2 Signal asymmetry.29
13.3.3 Cross-track signal.29
13.4 Quality of signals.29
13.4.1 Jitter.29
13.4.2 Random errors.29
13.4.3 Defects.30
13.5 Servo signals.30
13.5.1 Differential phase tracking error signal.30
13.5.2 Tangential push-pull signal .30
13.6 Groove wobble signal .32
14 Operational signals for the unrecorded disk .33
14.1 Measurement conditions .33
14.2 Recording conditions.33
14.3 Write strategy for media testing.33
14.3.1 Definition of the write pulse.34
14.4 Servo signals.35
14.4.1 Radial push-pull tracking error signal.35
14.4.2 Defects.36
14.5 Addressing signals.36
14.5.1 Land Pre-Pit signal .36
14.5.2 Groove wobble signal .38
14.5.3 Relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-Pit .38
15 Data Format.39
15.1 General.39
16 Data Frames.39
16.1 Identification Data (ID).40
16.2 ID Error Detection Code .41
16.3 RSV.41
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

16.4 Error Detection Code .41
17 Scrambled Frames.42
18 ECC Block configuration .43
19 Recording Frames.44
20 Modulation.45
21 Physical Sectors.46
22 Suppress control of the d.c. component .47
23 Linking scheme .48
23.1 Structure of linking.48
23.2 2K-Link and 32K-Link.49
23.3 Lossless-Link.49
24 General description of the Information Zone .51
24.1 Layout of the Information Zone .51
24.2 Physical Sector numbering.52
25 Lead-in Zone, Middle Zone and Lead-out Zone.53
25.1 Lead-in Zone .53
25.1.1 Initial Zone.54
25.1.2 Buffer Zone 0 .54
25.1.3 R-Physical Format Information Zone .54
25.1.4 Reference Code Zone.58
25.1.5 Buffer Zone 1 .58
25.1.6 Control Data Zone .59
25.1.7 Extra Border Zone .72
25.2 Middle Zone.72
25.3 Lead-out Zone.73
25.3.1 Structure of Lead-out Zone with Format4 RMD.73
25.3.2 Superficial Extra Border Zone.73
26 General description of the Unrecorded Zone.74
26.1 Layout of the Unrecorded Zone .74
26.2 ECC Block address.75
26.3 ECC Block numbering.75
27 Pre-pit Data format .76
27.1 General description.76
27.2 Pre-pit block structure .78
27.3 Pre-pit data block configuration .80
27.3.1 Relative address.82
27.3.2 ECC Block address data configuration.82
27.3.3 Parity A and Parity B .82
27.3.4 Field ID0.84
27.3.5 Field ID1.85
27.3.6 Field ID2.87
27.3.7 Field ID3 and Field ID4 .88
27.3.8 Field ID5.90
28 Data structure of R-Information Zone and ODTA.90
28.1 Layout of Disk Testing Area and Recording Management Area .90
28.2 Structure of the Disk Testing Area .91
28.3 Data configuration of the Recording Management Area (RMA) .93
28.3.1 Sector format of the Recording Management Area .93
28.3.2 Recording Management Data (Format1 RMD and Format4 RMD).95
Annex A (normative) Measurement of the angular deviation α .124
Annex B (normative) Measurement of birefringence .126
Annex C (normative) Measurement of the differential phase tracking error .129
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved v

Annex D (normative) Measurement of light reflectance.133
Annex E (normative) Tapered cone for disk clamping.135
Annex F (normative) Measurement of jitter.136
Annex G (normative) 8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements .139
Annex H (normative) Optimum Power Control .149
Annex I (normative) Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude.151
Annex J (normative) Measurement methods for the operational signals for an unrecorded disk.153
Annex K (normative) NBCA Code.154
Annex L (normative) Border Zone .160
Annex M (normative) Measurement method of the Land Pre-Pit signal.173
Annex N (normative) Construction of Information Zone.174
Annex O (normative) Recording order.176
Annex P (normative) Clearance in the number of sectors.177
Annex Q (normative) Anchor Point Re-mapping .179
Annex R (informative) Measurement method of the Space layer thickness in a disk.181
Annex S (informative) Transportation.182

vi © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 12862 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-382) and was adopted, under a special “fast-
track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its
approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 12862:2009), which has been technically
revised.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved vii

Introduction
Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of optical disks and optical
disk cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, TC31 has made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23
toward the development of International Standards for optical disks. Numerous standards have been
developed by TC31 and published by Ecma, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under
the fast-track procedure as International Standards. The following Ecma standards for DVD 120 mm and
80 mm have been published by Ecma and adopted by ISO/IEC JTC 1. These standards are based on original
specifications from the DVD Forum.
rd
ECMA-267 (2001) 120 mm DVD-Read-Only Disk, 3 edition
ISO/IEC 16448
rd
ECMA-268 (2001) 80 mm DVD-Read-Only Disk, 3 edition
ISO/IEC 16449
ECMA-272 (1999) 120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM), 2nd edition
ISO/IEC 16824
st
ECMA-273 (1998) Case for 120 mm DVD-RAM Disks, 1 edition
ISO/IEC 16825
ECMA-279 (1998) 80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk
st
ISO/IEC 20563 (DVD-R), 1 edition
ECMA-330 (2005) 120 mm (4,7 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) DVD Rewritable Disk
rd
ISO/IEC 17592 (DVD-RAM), 3 edition
nd
ECMA-331 (2004) Cases for 120 mm and 80 mm DVD-RAM Disks, 2 edition
ISO/IEC 17594
ECMA-338 (2002) 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Re-recordable
st
ISO/IEC 17342 Disk (DVD-RW), 1 edition
ECMA-359 (2004) 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk
st
ISO/IEC 23912 (DVD-R), 1 edition
ECMA-382 (2008) 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk
st
ISO/IEC 12862 for Dual Layer (DVD-R for DL), 1 edition
ECMA-384 (2008) 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD Re-recordable
st
ISO/IEC 13170 Disk for Dual Layer (DVD-RW for DL), 1 edition
In April 2007, nine members proposed that TC31 develop a standard for 120 mm and 80 mm dual layer DVD
recordable optical disks using organic dye recording technology. TC31 adopted this project, which resulted in
ECMA-382 (2008).
In December 2009, a proposal was made that TC31 update this Ecma Standard for editorial corrections and
clarifications. TC31 approved this proposal, which resulted in the second edition of ECMA-382.
This International Standard specifies two types of dual layer recordable optical disks, one (Type 1S) making
use of recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 8,54 Gbytes for a 120 mm
disk and 2,66 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk, the other (Type 2S) making use of recording on both sides of the
disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 17,08 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk and 5,32 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk.

viii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 12862:2011(E)

Information technology — 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and
80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD recordable disk for dual layer
(DVD-R for DL)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of a 120 mm and an
80 mm dual layer DVD recordable disk to enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the
pre-recorded, unrecorded and recorded signals, the format of the data, the format of the information zone, the
format of the unrecorded zone, and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by
means of such disks. This disk is identified as a DVD recordable disk for dual layer (DVD-R for DL).
This International Standard specifies the following:
⎯ 120 mm and 80 mm nominal diameter disks that can be either single- or double-sided;
⎯ the conditions for conformance;
⎯ the environments in which the disk is to be operated and stored;
⎯ the mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between
data processing systems;
⎯ the format of the pre-recorded information on an unrecorded disk, including the physical disposition of the
tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used;
⎯ the format of the data and the recorded information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the
tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used;
⎯ the characteristics of the signals from pre-recorded and unrecorded areas on the disk, enabling data
processing systems to read the pre-recorded information and to write to the disks;
⎯ the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the data
from the disk.
This International Standard provides for interchange of disks between disk drives. Together with a standard
for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance shall specify the type of the disk, i.e. its size and whether it is single-sided or
double-sided. An optical disk is in conformance with this International Standard if it meets the mandatory
requirements specified for this type.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 1

2.2 Generating system
A generating system is in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is in
accordance with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system is in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle an optical disk in
accordance with 2.1.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ECMA-287, Safety of electronic equipment
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
anchor point
physical sector number corresponding to the specific logical sector number such as 16, 256, N-256 and N,
where N is the maximum last-recorded address in logical volume space
NOTE The information in those sector numbers are used to fix Volume and File structure.
4.2
basic recording speed
recording speed at which a disk is under an obligation to be recorded
NOTE A basic recording speed is mandatory for each Class.
4.3
block SYNC guard area
recorded area in the first ECC block of the contiguous area of which recording is started from the unrecorded
area by using 32K-Link
4.4
border zone
linking region that prevents the pick-up head from overrunning on an unrecorded area when a disk is played
back in a partially recorded state
4.5
channel bit
elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the disk by marks
4.6
Clamping Zone
annular part of the disk within which a clamping force is applied by a clamping device
2 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

4.7
class
integer number, including 0, that indicates the basic recording speed supported by a disk
NOTE A group of recording speeds in a disk contains at least one basic recording speed which is mandatory for
recording device and disk.
4.8
data zone
zone between the Lead-in Zone and the Middle Zone on Layer 0 and zone between the Middle Zone and the
Lead-out Zone on Layer 1, in which user data is recorded
NOTE In Border recording mode, Border Zone is included in Data Zone.
4.9
data recordable zone
zone that is available to record user data
4.10
Digital Sum Value
DSV
arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to bits set to ONE and the decimal
value –1 to bits set to ZERO
4.11
disk at once recording
recording mode in which the Lead-in Zone, the user data and the Lead-out Zone are recorded sequentially
4.12
disk reference plane
plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the
disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation
4.13
Disk Testing Area
DTA
area used for Optimum Power Control
NOTE 1 There are two kinds of Disk Testing Area on a disk.
NOTE 2 The Inner Disk Testing Area (IDTA) is located in the R-Information Zone and situated adjacent to the inside of
the Recording Management Area. The Outer Disk Testing Area (ODTA) is fixed and situated adjacent to the outside of the
fixed Middle Zone.
NOTE 3 The optional IDTA can be located on Layer 1 facing the special allocation in the Initial zone on Layer 0 as an
option for devices, when NBCA is not applied on a disk.
NOTE 4 The ODTA can be added when shifted Middle Zone exists as an option for devices. In this case, added ODTA
is called flexible Outer Disk Testing Area (flexible ODTA) and is situated adjacent to the outside of the shifted Middle Zone
on Layer 0 and Layer 1 respectively.
4.14
ECC block address
absolute physical address used to define the recording position on the land of each area
NOTE 1 This address is pre-recorded as Land Pre-Pits and equal to the bit-inverted numbers from b23 to b4 of the
Physical sector number recorded in the groove.
NOTE 2 Serially decremented numbers are assigned to blocks from the inner radius to the outer radius on Layer 0 and
from the outer radius to the inner radius on Layer 1.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 3

NOTE 3 The first ECC Block address in the Data Recordable Zone on Layer 0 is (FF CFFF).
NOTE 4 The bit-inverted number is calculated so that the bit value of ONE becomes that of ZERO and vice versa.
NOTE 5 The "ECC Block address" definition is specific to this International Standard.
4.15
Error Correction Code
ECC
mathematical computation yielding check bytes used for the detection and correction of errors in data
4.16
Error Detection Code
EDC
code designed to detect certain kinds of errors in data
NOTE Error Detection Code consists of data and the error detection parity.
4.17
finalization
action for changing into the state where the Lead-in, the Lead-out and the Middle Zones are recorded
NOTE 1 After Finalization, the information Zone from the Lead-in Zone to the Middle Zone on Layer 0 and from the
Middle Zone to the Lead-out Zone on Layer 1 are recorded without any unrecorded areas.
NOTE 2 The disk will become write-protected once finalized.
4.18
groove
wobbled guidance track
4.19
incremental recording
recording mode in which the disk is recorded in several distinct recording operations (for example at different
times and using different recording drives)
NOTE In this recording mode, the specified linking scheme shall be used.
4.20
information zone
zone comprising the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone, the Middle Zone and the Lead-out Zone
4.21
initial information zone
zone comprising the Lead-in Zone, the Data Recordable Zone, the fixed Middle Zone and the Lead-out Zone
4.22
land
area between the grooves
4.23
Land Pre-Pit
LPP
pits embossed on the land during the manufacture of the disk substrate, which contain address information
4.24
Lead-in Zone
zone comprising Physical sectors adjacent to the inside of the Data Zone on Layer 0
4 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

4.25
Lead-out Zone
zone comprising Physical sectors adjacent to the inside of the Data Zone on Layer 1
NOTE When the recording of user data is finished on Layer 0, the Lead-out Zone is located adjacent to the inside of
the Middle Zone on Layer 1.
4.26
middle zone
zone comprising physical sectors adjacent to the outside of the Data Zone on Layer 0 and Layer 1
NOTE 1 The fixed Middle Zone is located outside the Data Recordable Zone of a disk.
NOTE 2 The shifted Middle Zone can be added at the inner radius of the fixed Middle Zone as an option for devices,
depending on the size of the Data Zone and located outside of the Data Zone.
4.27
Recording Management Area
RMA
area containing the Recording Management Data (RMD), situated adjacent to the inside of the Lead-in Zone
on Layer 0 and the Lead-out Zone on Layer 1
4.28
Recording Management Data
RMD
information about the recording on the disk, including information on each recording mode
NOTE 1 Two kinds of RMD format are specified.
NOTE 2 Format1 RMD contains the information related to incremental recording mode and disk at once recording
mode.
NOTE 3 Format4 RMD contains the information related to incremental recording mode, including Layer jump recording
mode.
4.29
R-Information zone
zone comprising the Inner Disk Testing Area (IDTA) and the Recording Management Area (RMA)
4.30
re-mapping
replacement mechanism for physical layer to replace original anchor point with renewed anchor point
4.31
RZone
ECC blocks that are continuous on a layer and assigned to user data on Layer 0 and/or Layer 1 during
incremental recording mode
4.32
sector
smallest addressable part of a track in the information zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of
other addressable parts
4.33
substrate
transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording or recorded layer, through
which the optical beam accesses the recordable/recorded layer
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 5

4.34
track
360° turn of a continuous spiral of recorded marks or groove
4.35
track pitch
distance between adjacent average physical track centrelines of the wobbled grooves for the unrecorded disk,
or between adjacent physical track centrelines of the successive recorded marks for the recorded disk,
measured in the radial direction
4.36
zone
annular area of the disk
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance,
it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02
allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most
significant bit shown to the left.
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement.
In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first
and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb)
(8n-1)
and bit b the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b is recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, areas, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.
6 Abbreviated terms
AP Amplitude of the land Pre-Pit signal (without wobble amplitude)
AR Aperture Ratio (of the Land Pre-Pit after recording)
BP Byte Position
BPF Band Pass Filter
CLV Constant Linear Velocity
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
DCC DC Component suppress control
6 © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

DSV Digital Sum Value
ECC Error Correction Code
EDC Error Detection Code
HF High Frequency
ID Identification Data
LA Lead-out Attribute
...