ISO/TR 24464

© ISO #### – All rights reserved
ISO #####-#:####(X)/DTR 24464
ISO/TC ###/ 184/SC ##/WG # 4
Secretariat: XXXX ANSI
Date: 2024-09-13
Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity

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This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
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ISO #####-#:####(X/DTR 24464:(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Needs of DTw visualization . 5
5.1 Atom world and a bit world . 5
5.2 Visualization of big and small things . 5
5.3 Visualization of big data . 5
5.4 Visualization fidelity of the twinning interface . 7
6 Three-elements architecture of the iDTw system visualization . 7
6.1 General. 7
6.2 Component technologies of DTw visualization . 8
6.3 Comparison with existing architecture . 9
7 Characteristics of the iDTw system . 14
7.1 Mutual augmentation through twinning cycles . 14
7.2 Life cycle of iDTw system . 16
7.3 Inclusion between iDTw and PTw . 19
8 Visualization fidelity of iDTw . 21
8.1 General. 21
8.2 Level of detail (LoD) of plant equipment models . 22
8.3 Fidelity measure . 24
Annex A (informative) Collection of DTw definitions . 31
Annex B (informative) Selection of terms . 33
Annex C (informative) Analysis of international standards related to DTw visualization . 36
Annex D (informative) Comparison with CPS and AR . 48
Annex E (informative) Use cases of the three-elements architecture of iDTw system . 56
Bibliography . 64

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 24464:2020), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — Thethe title is changed.;
— — 3a three-elements architecture is added.;
— — Thethis document focuses more on fidelity among visualization elements.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24464 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction
This document analyzesanalyses the visualization fidelity among the visualization elements of a digital twin
system. Since digital twin (DTw) is a new technology, various definitions are being proposed in the sector as
a whole, so they collide with each other, and cross-reference is underway at the same time. This document
analyzesanalyses the element technologies and theirthe properties that make up the digital twinDTw system,
it also attempts to reveal the nature of the digital twinDTw, and focuses on visualization elements. This is
expected to further solidify the identity of digital twinDTw, reduce confusion, and consequently help further
spread the use of digital twinDTw technology.
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Title (Introductory element — Main element — Part #: Part title)
Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity
1 Scope
The content of this document is divided into two parts.
— (1) This document analyzesanalyses the overall configuration of an industrial digital twin system, and
proposes a three-elements architecture, focusing on the twinning interface between PTw (the physical
twin (PTw) and iDTw (industrial digital twin (iDTw).
— (2) The characteristics of iDTw are analysed, and the visualization elements and visualization fidelity of
iDTw are analysed.
The followings are within the scope of this standard. Items (a), (b), (c) are new to this edition of document:
a) analyzesThis document:
a) analyses the twinning interface between the physical twinPTw and the industrial digital twin iDTw;
b) b) proposes a three-elements architecture. ;
c) c) analyzesanalyses the visualization element and its fidelity, which is a key component of the interface
among the three-elements architecture. ;
d) d) analyzesanalyses the elements that constitute an iDTw system to understand the unique properties of
iDTw. ;
e) e) explores the differentiation from cyber physical systems (CPS) or augmented reality (AR), which are
similar to existing concepts of iDTw.
The followings are out of the scope of this standard:
a) This document excludes:
— applications of iDTw (industrial digital twin);
— b) implementation of iDTw.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain a terminology database for use in standardization at:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19159-2, 4.21] 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1, modified — Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been removed.]
3.2
asset
any item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 15926-11:2023, 3.1.1]
3.3
asset administration shell
standardized digital representation of an asset (3.2)
[SOURCE: IEC 63278-1:2023, 3.1.2]
3.4
digital model
dataset to represent the shape (3.12) and any other desired characteristics for target synthetic model
[SOURCE: ISO 22926:2023, 3.1], modified — Term "digital anatomical bone model", Notes 1 to 2 to entry and
the example have been removed.]
3.5
federation
community of domains
[SOURCE: ISO 12967-1:2020, 3.4.2]
3.6
fidelity
degree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real-world object or the
perception of a real-world object, feature, condition, or chosen standard in a measurable or perceivable
manner
[SOURCE: ISO 3717316781:2021, 3.21.4]
3.7
industrial digital twin
digital representation of a physical entity
Note 1: to entry: It represents the bit world rather than the atom world.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30173, 3.1.1, modified]
3.8
industrial digital twin system
compound model composed of a physical twin (3.10(3.10),), an industrial digital twin (3.7(3.7),), and a
twinning interface (3.15(3.15)) which is used for state synchronization (3.13) between two twins
3.9
level of detail
alternate representations of an object at varying fidelities based on specific criteria
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[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19166IEC 18023-1:2006, 3.71.8]
3.10
physical twin
object which exists in the real world
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 24464, 3.1.7, modified]
3.11
realtime
real time
guarantee response within specified time constraints
Note 1 to entry: Often referred to as "“deadlines".”.
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 24464, 3.1.10]
3.12
shape
form of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as
colour, texture, or material type
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 24464, 3.1.11]
3.13
synchronization
joining up or handshaking of multiple processes at a certain point, to reach an agreement or commit to a
certain sequence of action
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 24464, 3.1.13]
3.14
twinning
pairing or union of two similar or identical objects
3.15
twinning interface
mediator which allows mutual augmentation between iDTw (3.7(3.7)) and PTw (3.10(3.10))
3.16
visualization
rendering of an object, situation or set of information as a chart or image
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 5147:2023, 3.1.15], modified — Note 1 to entry was removed.]
4 Abbreviated terms
AAS asset administration shell
AI artificial intelligence
AR augmented reality
AWI approved wor
...