ISO/IEC 30113-12:2019

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35/WG 9
Date: 2019-07-30
Deleted: FDIS
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35
Secretariat: AFNOR
Information technology — User interfaces — Gesture-based interfaces across devices
and methods — Part 12: Multi-point gestures for common system actions
Technologies de l'information — Interfaces utilisateurs — Interfaces fondés sur la
gestuelle entre dispositifs et méthodes — Partie 12: Gestes à multipoint pour actions
courantes du système
Document type:  International Standard
Document subtype:
Document stage:  (60) Publication
Document language:  E
Document1 STD Version 2.2
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ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Visual description of multi-point gestures . 4
5 General requirements and recommendations . 6
5.1 Alternatives for multi-point gestures. 6
5.2 Simple movements . 6
5.3 Priority in assigning multi-point gestures . 6
5.4 Choice of movement metaphor . 6
5.5 Description of multi-point gestures . 6
6 Alternatives for multi-point gestures. 7
7 Descriptions of the multi-point gestures . 7
7.1 The “2-point left” gesture . 7
7.1.1 General . 7
7.1.2 State description . 8
7.1.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 10
7.1.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 10
7.2 The “2-point right” gesture . 11
7.2.1 General . 11
7.2.2 — . State description 11
7.2.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 13
7.2.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 13
7.3 The “2-point down” gesture . 14
7.3.1 General . 14
7.3.2 — . State description 14
7.3.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 16
7.3.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 16
7.4 The “2-point up” gesture . 16
7.4.1 General . 16
7.4.2 State description . 17
7.4.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 18
7.4.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 19
7.5 The “2-point left flick” gesture . 19
7.5.1 General . 19
7.5.2 State description . 19
7.5.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 21
7.5.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 21
7.6 The “2-point right flick” gesture . 21
7.6.1 General . 21
7.6.2 State description . 21
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii

7.6.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 22
7.6.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 23
7.7 The “2-point down flick” gesture . 23
7.7.1 General . 23
7.7.2 State description . 23
7.7.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 25
7.7.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 25
7.8 The “2-point up flick” gesture . 25
7.8.1 General . 25
7.8.2 State description . 26
7.8.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 27
7.8.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 27
7.9 The “2-point continuous any direction” gesture . 27
7.9.1 General . 27
7.9.2 State description . 27
7.9.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 29
7.9.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 29
7.10 The “2-point pinch” gesture . 29
7.10.1 General . 29
7.10.2 State description . 29
7.10.3 Specific instances . 30
7.11 The “2-point spread” gesture . 31
7.11.1 General . 31
7.11.2 State description . 31
7.11.3 Specific instances . 32
7.12 The “2-point continuous pinch & spread” gesture . 32
7.12.1 General . 32
7.12.2 State description . 33
7.12.3 Specific instances . 34
7.13 The “2-point clockwise rotation” gesture . 34
7.13.1 General . 34
7.13.2 State description . 35
7.13.3 Specific instances . 36
7.14 The “2-point counter-clockwise rotation” gesture . 36
7.14.1 General . 36
7.14.2 State description . 36
7.14.3 Specific instances . 37
7.15 The “2-point continuous rotation” gesture . 38
7.15.1 General . 38
7.15.2 State description . 38
7.15.3 Specific instances . 39
7.16 The “2-point tap” gesture . 39
7.16.1 General . 39
7.16.2 State description . 40
7.16.3 Specific instances . 41
7.17 The “2-point double-tap” gesture . 41
7.17.1 General . 41
7.17.2 State description . 41
7.17.3 Specific instances . 42
iv © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

7.18 The “2-point tap & hold” gesture . 43
7.18.1 General . 43
7.18.2 State description . 43
7.18.3 Specific instances . 44
7.19 The “3-point left” gesture . 44
7.19.1 General . 44
7.19.2 State description . 45
7.19.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 46
7.19.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 47
7.20 The “3-point right” gesture . 47
7.20.1 General . 47
7.20.2 State description . 47
7.20.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying
“content-mover” metaphor . 48
7.20.4 Specific instances with a mediated gesture in applying “window-mover” metaphor . 49
7.21 The “3-point down” gesture . 49
7.21.1 General . 49
7.21.2 State description . 50
7.21.3 Specific instances . 51
7.22 The “3-point up” gesture . 51
7.22.1 General . 51
7.22.2 State description . 52
7.22.3 Specific instances . 53
7.23 The “3-point tap” gesture . 53
7.23.1 General . 53
7.23.2 State description . 54
7.23.3 Specific instances . 55
7.24 The “3-point double-tap” gesture . 55
7.24.1 General . 55
7.24.2 State description . 56
7.24.3 Specific instances . 57
Bibliography . 58
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
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Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
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see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 30113 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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vi © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
A multi‐point gesture is generated by a user with several pointers (which includes an input device such
as a multi‐touchpad, multi‐touchscreen or body parts such as fingertips, hands, etc.) providing gesture
actions using a multi‐point of interest. Multi‐point gestures are used in several commercially available
ICT systems including personal computers, smartphones and video game consoles.
There is a need for an international standard to define the multi‐point gesture so that users do not get
confused. Potential variety and inconsistency among multi‐point gestures might cause a serious
usability problem in using applications on the ICT systems.
This document presents descriptions of multi‐point gestures and their corresponding gesture
commands for system‐level functions and common functions across applications on ICT systems. The
system‐level functions include functions for selecting and initiating applications which are handled by
operating systems or platforms. The common functions across applications are also identified. These
functions include menu navigation, “help”, “undo”, “redo”, and so on.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 30113-12:2019(E)

Information technology — User interfaces ― Gesture-based
interfaces across devices and methods — Part 12: Multi-point
gestures for common system actions
1 Scope
This document defines multi‐point gestures for common system actions used in information and
communication technology (ICT) systems.
It specifies movements and conditions for describing multi‐point gestures recognized by the systems
and applications. The multi‐point gestures are performed using an input device (multi‐touchpad, multi‐
touchscreen, etc.) or body parts (fingertips, hands, etc.). These multi‐point gestures are intended to
operate in a consistent manner regardless of systems, platforms or applications.
The gestures for common system actions denote system‐level functions and common functions across
applications of ICT systems. The system‐level functions are executed at a system or a platform level.
They include initiation, resume, restart and termination, etc. The common functions across applications
are commonly executed among applications of a system or a platform. The functions include navigation
of menus, opening an object, closing an object, etc.
NOTE ICT systems include, but are not limited to, digital televisions, set‐top boxes, video game consoles,
communication devices, internet devices, entertainment devices, and personal computers (PCs).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 24786:2009, Information technology — User interfaces — Accessible user interface for
accessibility settings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
gesture-based interface
gesture interface
user interface that provide information and controls for a user to accomplish specific tasks with the
interactive system by his/her gestures
[SOURCE ISO/IEC 30113‐1:2015, 3.2]
3.2
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
application
app
software application or application software
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 17427‐2:2015, 2.1]
3.3
gesture software
software for implementing gesture-based interface (3.1) functionality including gesture recognition,
command processing and feedback generation
Note 1 to entry: The gesture software could be an embedded combination of input devices, operating systems or
applications. An application such as a web browser can contain a gesture software module for handling functions
for the application.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30113‐1:2015, 3.4 — modified, Note 1 to entry revised.]
3.4
point of interest
POI
specific point location that a user utilizes to formulate a gesture
EXAMPLE Fingertip, pen points, hand etc.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30113‐11:2017, 3.1, modified — examples added.]
3.5
movement metaphor
metaphor for expressing relationship between gesture direction and moving object when moving
content in a scrollable window to desired position
3.6
content-mover metaphor
movement of content focused
movement metaphor (3.5) for describing the movement of content by a user in a viewing window along
a gesture direction
EXAMPLE If a “2‐point down” gesture is assigned for page scroll with the metaphor of “movement of content”,
users see the upper part of the page by using the gesture. The function of the gesture is similar to “page up”.
3.7
window-mover metaphor
movement of viewing window focused
movement metaphor (3.5) for describing the movement of content by a user in a viewing window in the
opposite direction of a gesture
EXAMPLE If a “2‐point down” gesture is assigned for page scroll with the metaphor of “movement of viewing
window”, users see the lower part of the page by using the gesture. The function of the gesture is similar to “page
down”.
3.8
mediated gesture
gesture utilized with pointing input(s) such as a mouse, a touchpad, a joystick, a track ball, etc.
3.9
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
direct touch gesture
gesture utilized with a body part (e.g. a finger) or a physical object (e.g. a stylus) on an input device (e.g.
a touchpad or a touchscreen)
3.10
non-contact gesture
gesture utilized with a sequence of movements of a body part (e.g. a finger) without physical contact on
an input device
3.11
content window
viewing window
part of a display image with defined boundaries in which one or more content(s) is(are) displayed
3.12
accelerator keys
shortcut keys
key combinations which invoke a menu option without displaying the menu on which the option
appears or intermediate menus
[SOURCE: ISO 9241‐171:2008, 3.1]
3.13
sticky keys
keyboard enhancement in which modifier keys, such as control, shift, and alt, "stick", act as if held down
while a second key is depressed manually
Note 1 to entry: The sticky keys functionality is available on Microsoft® Windows® as StickyKeys™, on macOS®*
as Sticky Keys™,, and on Unix/X11®* systems as part of the AccessX™* utility. The sticky keys are designed for
people who cannot use both hands, or who use a dowel or stick to type. The sticky keys work with those keys
defined as "modifier" keys, such as the Shift, Alt and Control keys. Usually the sticky keys status is shown on‐
screen at the user’s option.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 24751‐1:2008, 0000_11, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.14
tap
touch real (or virtual) surface briefly, typically for less than one second, with a point(s) of interest and
then lift‐off in approximately the same position
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14754:1999, 4.13, modified — changing from digitizer to real (or virtual) surface
and from pen to point(s) of interest.]
3.15
double-tap
to touch twice rapidly surface with a point(s) of interest
3.16
touch and hold
Microsoft® Windows® (StickyKeys™), macOS® (Sticky Keys™), and Unix/X11® (AccessX™) are examples of a suitable
products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not
constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
long touch
touch surface for extended period of time
3.18
rotation
touch surface with one or more POIs and move the POIs in a clockwise or counter‐clockwise direction
Note 1 to entry: Rotation with two or more POIs means revolving around a centre of the POIs or revolving around
a POI among the POIs.
3.19
pinch
touch surface with two or more POIs to bring the POIs closer together
3.20
spread
touch surface with two or more POIs to move the POIs apart
3.21
context menu
pop-up menu
menu in a graphical user interface that appears upon user interaction offering a limited set of choices
that are available in the current state
Note 1 to entry: A context menu is usually shown by a right‐click mouse operation.
3.22
common system action
function executed at an OS level or a platform level or common functions among application software
EXAMPLE Going to the previous/next application, showing desktop, executing an application, going the
previous/next page of content.
4 Visual description of multi-point gestures
For describing multi‐point gestures, this document follows ISO/IEC 30113‐1:2015, A.3 and
ISO/IEC 30113‐11:2017, 5.4.
The starting points of a multi‐point gesture are visually represented by circles with solid line as shown
in Figure 1. The number of circles is the number of POIs for describing multi‐point gestures. The ending
points of the multi‐point gesture are visually represented by circles with dotted line as shown in
Figure 2. If there are no descriptions for the relative positions of the POIs, any relative position is
permitted.
Figure 1 — Circles representing POIs for starting points of a multi-point gesture
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Figure 2 — Dotted circles representing POIs for ending points of a multi-point gesture
If the multiple POIs move same direction simultaneously, the POIs are grouped with a rectangle shown
in Figure 3.
a)  Starting position b)  Ending position
Figure 3 — Rectangle representing grouping POIs
If the multiple POIs of a multi‐point gesture move simultaneously in a direction, a line with an arrow
(indicating the moving direction) is used for describing movement.
The example in Figure 4 shows a multi‐point gesture when the POIs move from left to right
simultaneously.
Figure 4 — Multi-point gesture when 3 POIs move from left to right simultaneously
If the multiple POIs move in different direction respectively, each POI has their own line with an arrow.
The example in Figure 5 shows a multi‐point gesture when the POIs move in different direction.

Figure 5 — Multi-point gesture when 2 POIs move in different direction
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
A multi‐point gesture with a “faster” stroke can be described with two arrows (Figure 6). A
representation of the speed of performing gestures is described in ISO/IEC 30113‐11:2017, 5.4 in
detail.
Figure 6 — A multi-point gesture moving fast to the left direction.
5 General requirements and recommendations
5.1 Alternatives for multi-point gestures
An ICT system utilizing multi‐point gestures shall provide one (or more) alternative methods for the
gestures. The examples of alternative methods are described in Clause 6.
NOTE There are many users who are not able to use gestures or who are only able to use single‐point gestures
due to various reasons including physical disability.
5.2 Simple movements
Multi‐point gestures with change(s) of movement direction should not be used for a common system
action.
NOTE It is not easy for users to handle multiple POIs with change of movement direction.
5.3 Priority in assigning multi-point gestures
A gesture using fewer POIs should be assigned for a command (or a function) which is used more
frequently.
EXAMPLE Functions such as turning a page or page scroll are used more frequently than functions such as
viewing desktop or moving working space.
The number of POIs of multi‐point gestures which are applied to similar actions should be the same.
NOTE Users have difficulties in using multi‐point gestures if the “3‐point up” gesture is used for displaying
virtual desktops and the “3‐point left” gesture is used for turning pages.
5.4 Choice of movement metaphor
Gesture software utilizing mediated gestures should provide one or more method for the user’s choice
of movement metaphor.
Unless the user changes the movement metaphor for mediated gestures, the movement metaphor shall
be used for the system and applications consistently.
5.5 Description of multi-point gestures
All multi‐point gestures shall have both a visual description (see Clause 4) and a text description (which
could be rendered in any modality).
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
6 Alternatives for multi-point gestures
There are several alternative methods for utilizing multi‐point gestures.
1) Using accelerator keys
Accelerator keys could perform common actions activated by multi‐point gestures. Sticky keys are
useful for satisfying user’s accessibility requests in using accelerator keys.
EXAMPLE 1 A multi‐point gesture for swipe between full‐screen apps could be the “3‐point left” and the
corresponding accelerator keys are ‘ctrl’ and ‘←’.
2) Using single‐point gestures with accelerator keys
By single‐point gestures with accelerator keys, a user could invoke system commands. There are
two ways of using this method.
During pressing accelerator keys, a user performs a single‐point gesture. Then the corresponding
command is invoked.
EXAMPLE 2 When pressing “ctrl” key, a user performs the “left” gesture. Then the previous page is shown
on the screen. This could give the same result as the 2‐point left gesture.
After the user activates accelerator keys, the system waits for a single‐point gesture. After the user
performs the gesture, the corresponding command is invoked.
Sticky keys can be used to activate accelerator keys for supporting accessibility.
If the computer implements the sticky keys, the setting for the sticky keys shall be in accordance
with ISO/IEC 24786:2009, 5.2.1.
EXAMPLE 3 A user sequentially presses the “Ctrl” key and “1” key and performs the “left” gesture. Then the
previous app is invoked and shown on the screen. This could give the same result as the 3‐point left gesture.
3) Activating a multi‐point gesture using a “touch and hold” gesture
When a user touches the surface of a touchpad or touchscreen and holds it for a sufficient time (for
example, less than 10s), the system sequentially displays an increasing number of points, from 1
to 4. When the display reaches the number that the user wants, the user performs a single‐point
gesture and the corresponding command is invoked.
If the user has difficulties to see the screen, a sufficient delay for reading the numbers is provided.
EXAMPLE 4 While a user touches the touchscreen, a number is displayed near the point that the user
touches. The number starts from “1” to “3”. When the number changes to “2”, the user performs the “left”
gesture. Then the previous app is invoked and shown on the screen. This could give the same result as the 3‐
point left gesture.
7 Descriptions of the multi-point gestures
7.1 The “2-point left” gesture
7.1.1 General
The parameters for the “2‐point left” gesture are:
— Unique (internal) identifier: G12‐1
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
— Text name of the gesture: 2‐point left
— Text description of the gesture: a gesture of moving two POIs horizontally in a left direction in one
stroke
— Graphic representation of the gesture shown in Figure 7: Deleted: — Number of states
involved in the gesture: 3¶
Deleted: (
Deleted: ).
Figure 7 — Moving two POIs to the left direction in one stroke
— Number of states involved in the gesture: 3 (initial state, intermediate state, final state)
7.1.2 State description
7.1.2.1 Mediated gesture
— Initial state
— Order identifier of the state: 1
— Starting position(s): on the surface of an input device (i.e. multi‐touchpad) where a user
performs the gesture
— Movement(s) or condition(s): two POIs are on the surface of an input device and recognized by
the device, and the pointer (or focus) is on the content window of an app which the gesture
is applied to
— Permitted variations: any relative position between the two POIs if the conditions above are
satisfied
— Intermediate state
— Order identifier of the state: 2
— Starting position(s): the position of the two POIs in the initial state
— Movement(s) or condition(s): moving the centre of the POIs horizontally in the “left” direction
in one stroke
— Permitted variations: any movement of the centre within 30 degrees of a horizontal axis in the
“left” direction (any changes of the relative positions of the POIs during the movement is
permitted if the centre moves in the “left” direction within 30 degrees of the variation)
— Final state
— Order identifier of the state: 3
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
— Starting position(s): the final position of the two POIs after the intermediate state
— Movement(s) or condition(s): detaching one or all of the POIs from the surface or holding the
POIs on the surface during a lapse of time
7.1.2.2 Direct touch gesture
— Initial state
— Order identifier of the state: 1
— Starting position(s): on the surface of an input device (i.e. touchscreen) where a user performs
the gesture and in the content window of an app which the gesture is applied to
— Movement(s) or condition(s): the two POIs are on the surface of the touchscreen and
recognized by the device
— Permitted variations: any relative position between two POIs if the conditions above are
satisfied
— Intermediate state
— Same as: Same as the intermediate state described in 7.1.2.1 (the mediated gesture of the 2‐
point left gesture)
— Final state
— Order identifier of the state: 3
— Starting position(s): the final position of the POIs after the intermediate state
— Movement(s) or condition(s): detaching one or all of the POIs from the surface
7.1.2.3 Non-contact gesture
— Initial state
— Order identifier of the state: 1
— Starting position(s): inside the detection space of an input device (i.e. camera) where a user
performs the gesture
— Movement(s) or condition(s): the two POIs are in the detection space of the device and are
recognized by the device
— Permitted variations: any relative position between the two POIs if the POIs are recognized by
the input device
— Intermediate state
— Same as: Same as the intermediate state described in 7.1.2.1 (the mediated gesture of the 2‐
point left gesture)
— Final state
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
— Order identifier of the state: 3
— Starting position(s): the final position of the POIs after the intermediate state
— Movement(s) or condition(s): performing a pre‐defined action
EXAMPLE Activating a switch, going out from the detection area, performing a posture (as closed fist or
open hand and so on) for finishing the gesture.
7.1.3 Specific instances with a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying “content-
mover” metaphor
7.1.3.1 Horizontal scroll to the right
When the “2‐point left” gesture, which is a direct touch gesture or a mediated gesture in applying the
"content mover" metaphor, is used for horizontally scrolling content in the viewing window, the content
should move along the gesture direction. Deleted: moves
NOTE 1 The key of the “right arrow” is commonly used for the horizontal scroll to the right.
NOTE 2 In a direct touch environment, single‐point gestures (i.e. the gestures of left, right, up and dow
...