ISO 18662-2:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18662-2
First edition
2020-03
Traditional Chinese medicine —
Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Processing of Chinese Materia Medica
Médecine traditionnelle chinoise — Vocabulaire —
Partie 2: Transformation des matières médicales chinoises
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General 总论 .1
3.2 Chinese Materia Medica nature 中药药性类 .2
3.3 Principle of Chinese Materia Medica processing 中药炮制原理类 .4
3.4 Assisting material of Chinese Materia Medica processing 中药炮制辅料类 .5
3.5 Procedure of Chinese Materia Medica processing 中药炮制方法类 .9
3.6 Craft of Chinese Materia Medica processing 中药炮制工艺类 .11
3.7 Quality of processed Chinese Materia Medica 中药炮制品质量类 .14
3.8 Preservation of processed Chinese Materia Medica 中药炮制品保管类 .15
3.9 Storage of processed Chinese Materia Medica 中药炮制品贮藏类 .15
Bibliography .17
Alphabetical English name index .18
Alphabetical Chinese name index .22
Foreword
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iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Chinese Materia Medica has been around for thousands of years and is widely used as a natural
method for processing decoction pieces, healthcare products and natural remedies. The first recorded
monograph of Chinese Materia Medica, Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing) in
the second century, listed 365 Chinese Materia Medica species, including herbs, animals and minerals. In
1596, the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) was published with 1 892 Chinese Materia
Medica species. Chinese Materia Medica spread from China to its neighbouring countries thousands of
years ago and has just found its way to other countries worldwide in recent decades. Today, Chinese
Materia Medica has gained popularity and widespread use, with the global Chinese Materia Medica
trade steadily growing.
However, no International Standards for Chinese Materia Medica terminology have been published up
until now, resulting in almost every Chinese Materia Medica term being translated in several different
ways. This has hindered international education, academic exchanges and trade. The need for an
International Standard for basic vocabulary for Chinese Materia Medica has become imperative.
This Chinese Materia Medica document is provided to facilitate international academic exchange,
research and development, management and trade.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18662-2:2020(E)
Traditional Chinese medicine — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Processing of Chinese Materia Medica
1 Scope
This document defines terms for the theory, technology and methods of Chinese Materia Medica
processing. It is not applicable to Kampo medicine.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General 总论
3.1.1
discipline of Chinese Materia Medica 中药学
branch of knowledge which incorporates the basic theories, sources, origins, collection, processing,
properties, functions and clinical application of Chinese Materia Medica under the guidance of
traditional Chinese medicine theories
3.1.2
discipline of Chinese Materia Medica processing 中药炮制学
subject that studies the theories, procedure, specifications, quality standards, history and current state
of Chinese Materia Medica processing
3.1.3
Chinese Materia Medica 中药
medicinal parts of medicinal plants, animals, and minerals after preliminary processing, which are
used as raw materials in Chinese medicines
Note 1 to entry: This includes the raw materials used to make decoction pieces.
Note 2 to entry: Preliminary processing can include washing and drying. Large and bulky items can also be cut
into smaller pieces or shorter lengths.
[SOURCE: ISO 18668-1:2016, 3.2, modified — Note 2 to entry added.]
3.1.3.1
raw material 药材
collected unprocessed material
3.1.3.2
decoction pieces 饮片
prescription medicines processed from Chinese Materia Medica under the direction of traditional
Chinese medicine and processing methods for Chinese medicines
Note 1 to entry: They can be directly used in clinical practice or for the production of prepared medicines.
[SOURCE: ISO 18668-1:2016, 3.3, modified.]
3.1.4
Chinese Materia Medica nature 药性
therapeutic properties of a Chinese Materia Medica item
3.1.5
Chinese Materia Medica processing 炮制
炮炙
physical or chemical technique of converting Chinese Materia Medica into decoction pieces based on
the theory of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, the nature of Chinese Materia Medica, and
the need for dispensing, preparation and clinical application
3.1.6
adjuvants 辅料
additives added during the processing of Chinese Materia Medica
Note 1 to entry: Adjuvants are included, for example, to enhance therapeutic effect, reduce toxicity, relieve side
effects, adjust medicine properties and affect physicochemical properties.
3.2 Chinese Materia Medica nature 中药药性类
3.2.1
four properties 四气
four Chinese Materia Medica properties: cold, hot, warm and cool
3.2.1.1
cold property 寒性
cold medicinal property to clear heat
Note 1 to entry: Cold property is applied in “treating hot with cold”.
3.2.1.2
hot property 热性
hot medicinal property to dispel cold
Note 1 to entry: Heat property is applied in "treating cold with heat”.
3.2.1.3
warm property 温性
warm medicinal property to dispel cold
3.2.1.4
cool property 凉性
cool medicinal property to clear heat
3.2.1.5
neutral property 平性
medicinal property without identifiable cold, hot, warm or cool properties
3.2.2
five flavours 五味
five medicinal tastes: pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty
Note 1 to entry: Each of the five flavours has different therapeutic effects.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

3.2.2.1
pungent taste 辛味
acrid taste which has the functions of dispersing, moving qi and blood
3.2.2.2
sweet taste 甘味
taste of sugar which has the functions of tonifying and replenishing, harmonizing the middle energizer,
adjusting the medical properties, releasing spasms and relieving pain
3.2.2.3
sour taste 酸味
vinegar taste which has the action of astringing and consolidating
3.2.2.4
bitter taste 苦味
heavy salty taste which has the action of clearing heat, downbearing counterflow qi, promoting
defecation, eliminating dampness and preserving yin
3.2.2.5
salty taste 咸味
taste of salt which has the action of purging and relaxing bowels to promote defecation, softening
hardness and dissipating bindings
3.2.2.6
bland taste 淡味
very light, dull, sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty or astringent taste which has the action of discharging
dampness and promoting urination
3.2.2.7
astringent taste 涩味
sharp taste which has the same action of medicines sour in taste, such as sweating, diarrhoea, frequent
urination, seminal emission, spermatorrhea and haemorrhage
3.2.3
ascending-descending-floating-sinking functional tendencies 升降浮沉
four functional tendencies of medicinal materials in the human body, namely upward, downward,
outward and inward, which are used to specify their pharmaceutical nature
3.2.4
meridian entry 归经
theory of medicinal nature which classifies properties and functional locations of medicinal materials,
and specifies their therapeutic action on a certain part of the body, under the guidance of the zang-fu
viscera, meridians and collaterals theories
3.2.5
seven effects 七情
seven different effects of compatibility of medicinal materials, namely single use, mutual suppression,
mutual restraint, mutual assistance, mutual reinforcement, mutual incompatibility caused by toxins or
side effects and mutual inhibition
3.2.5.1
single use 单行
use of one medicinal material alone for a disorder
3.2.5.2
mutual incompatibility caused by toxins or side effects 相反
property of two or more medicinal materials which produce toxins and side effects when used in
combination
3.2.5.3
mutual inhibition 相恶
property of a medicinal material to reduce the medical effects of another medicinal material when used
in combination
3.2.5.4
mutual suppression 相杀
property of a medical material to remove the toxins or side effects of another medicinal material when
used in combination
3.2.5.5
mutual restraint 相畏
toxicity or side effects of one medicinal material constrained by another medicinal material when used
in combination
3.2.5.6
mutual assistance 相使
two medicinal materials, used together, where one is the primary ingredient and the other is used to
enhance the effects of the primary ingredient
3.2.5.7
mutual reinforcement 相须
two medicinal materials used together to enhance medical effects
3.2.6
toxicity 毒性
harmful effects of Chinese Materia Medica on the human body
3.2.7
side effect 副作用
unexpected reaction to a medication
Note 1 to entry: Side effects are often slight or of little harm to the human body. Side effects may occur even with
correctly admi
...