ISO 23125:2010

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23125
First edition
2010-05-01

Machine tools — Safety — Turning
machines
Machines-outils — Sécurité — Machines de tournage




Reference number
ISO 23125:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010

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ISO 23125:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

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ISO 23125:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .5
3.1 General terms .5
3.2 Parts of turning machines .6
3.3 Modes of operation .7
3.4 Size and groups of turning machines defined in this International Standard .8
3.4.1 General .8
3.5 Mandatory and optional modes of operation for turning machines .14
3.6 Maximum permissible spindle speeds and axes feeds.14
4 List of significant hazards .15
4.1 Main hazard zones.15
4.2 Significant hazards and hazardous situations covered by this International Standard.16
5 Safety requirements and/or measures.21
5.1 General requirements .21
5.1.1 Required characteristics for guards for all machine groups.21
5.2 Specific requirements resulting from mechanical hazards identified in Clause 4.22
5.2.1 Group 1 machines .22
5.2.2 Groups 2, 3 and 4 machines.23
5.2.3 Workpiece clamping conditions .26
5.2.4 Modes of machine operation.27
5.2.5 Optional or additional equipment for turning machines .31
5.3 Specific requirements resulting from electrical hazards .33
5.4 Specific requirements resulting from noise hazards .34
5.5 Specific requirements resulting from radiation hazards.34
5.6 Specific requirements resulting from material or substance hazards .34
5.7 Specific requirements resulting from neglect of ergonomic principles hazards .35
5.8 Specific requirements resulting from unexpected start-up, over-run or over-speed
hazards .37
5.9 Specific requirements resulting from variation in the rotational speed of tools hazards .39
5.10 Specific requirements resulting from failure of the power supply hazards.39
5.11 Specific requirements resulting from failure of the control circuit hazards.39
5.12 Specific requirements resulting from errors of fitting hazards.41
5.13 Specific requirements resulting from ejected fluids or objects hazards .41
5.13.1 General requirements .41
5.13.2 Guards for large vertical Group 3 machines (NC turning machines and turning centres).42
5.13.3 Guards for large horizontal Group 3 machines (NC turning machines and turning centres) .42
5.14 Specific requirements resulting from loss of stability hazards.43
5.15 Specific requirements resulting from slips, trips and fall of persons hazards.43
5.16 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures .43
6 Information for use.46
6.1 Marking.46
6.2 Instruction for use .46
6.2.1 General .46
6.2.2 Tooling.48
6.2.3 Workpiece clamping.48
6.2.4 Machine functions accessible from the NC panel .49
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
6.2.5 Restart.49
6.2.6 Noise .49
6.2.7 Ancillary handling devices .50
6.2.8 Residual risks to be addressed by the machinery user .50
6.2.9 Installation instructions for the turning machine.51
6.2.10 Cleaning instruction for the machine .51
Annex A (normative) Impact test method for guards on turning machines .52
Annex B (informative) Test equipment for impact test and examples of materials .57
Annex C (informative) Calculation of direct impact energy.60
Annex D (informative) Example of check list for safety functions.62
Annex E (informative) Examples of exhaust and extinguishing systems.64
Annex F (informative) Example of the determination of performance level for interlocked guard .68
Bibliography .73

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ISO 23125:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 23125 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 10, Safety, in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 143, Machine tools — Safety.
This first edition cancels and replaces:
EN 12415:2000+A1:2002, Safety of machine tools — Small numerically controlled turning machines and
turning centres
EN 12478:2000, Safety of machine tools — Large numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres
EN 12840:2001, Safety of machine-tools — Manually controlled turning machines with or without automatic
control
EN 13788:2001, Machine tools — Safety — Multi-spindle automatic turning machines
which have been technically revised.
The International Standards produced by ISO/TC 39/SC 10 in collaboration with CEN/TC 143 are particular to
machine tools and complement the relevant A and B standards on the subject of general safety
(see Introduction to ISO 12100-1 for a description of type-A, -B and -C standards).
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
Introduction
This International Standard has been prepared to be a Harmonized Standard to provide one means of
conforming to the Essential Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive of the European Union and
associated EFTA regulations.
This International Standard is a type-C standard as defined in ISO 12100-1.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered is
indicated in the Scope of this International Standard. In addition, turning machines shall comply as appropriate
with ISO 12100-1 and ISO 12100-2 for hazards which are not covered by this International Standard.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B standards,
the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other International
Standards for machines that have been designed and built in accordance with the provisions of this type-C
standard.
1)
This International Standard replaces the “safety categories” defined in EN 954-1 as resistance to faults and
their subsequent behaviour in the fault condition, by introducing the “performance level” defined in
ISO 13849-1:2006 in terms of probability of dangerous failure per hour.
The requirements of this International Standard concern designers, manufacturers, suppliers and importers of
machines described in the Scope.
This International Standard also includes a list of informative items to be provided by the manufacturer to the
user.
The requirements for a new mode of operation, Mode 3 “manual intervention machining mode” will be
discussed in the future.


1) The application of EN 954-1:1996 in harmonized standards has been prolonged until 2011-12-31. After that date,
“performance levels” are to be applied.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23125:2010(E)

Machine tools — Safety — Turning machines
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements and/or measures to eliminate the hazards or reduce
the risks in the following groups of turning machines and turning centres, which are designed primarily to
shape metal by cutting.
⎯ Group 1: Manually controlled turning machines without numerical control.
⎯ Group 2: Manually controlled turning machines with limited numerically controlled capability.
⎯ Group 3: Numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres.
⎯ Group 4: Single- or multi-spindle automatic turning machines.
NOTE 1 For detailed information on the machine groups, see the definitions in 3.4 and mandatory and optional modes
of operation in 3.5.
NOTE 2 Requirements in this International Standard are, in general, applicable to all groups of turning machines. If
requirements are applicable to some special group(s) of turning machines only, then the special group(s) of turning
machine(s) is/are specified.
NOTE 3 Hazards arising from other metalworking processes (e.g. grinding and laser processing) are covered by other
International Standards (see Bibliography).
This International Standard covers the significant hazards listed in Clause 4 and applies to ancillary devices
(e.g. for workpieces, tools and work clamping devices, handling devices and chip handling equipment), which
are integral to the machine.
This International Standard also applies to machines which are integrated into an automatic production line or
turning cell inasmuch as the hazards and risks arising are comparable to those of machines working
separately.
This International Standard also includes a minimum list of safety-relevant information which the manufacturer
has to provide to the user. See also ISO 12100-1:2003, Figure 1, which illustrates the interaction of
manufacturer's and user's responsibility for the operational safety.
The user's responsibility to identify specific hazards (e.g. fire and explosion) and reduce the associated risks
can be critical (e.g. whether the central extraction system is working correctly).
Where additional processes (e.g. milling, grinding, etc.) are involved, this International Standard can be taken
as a basis for safety requirements; for specific information see the Bibliography.
This International Standard applies to machines that are manufactured after the date of issue of this
International Standard.
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 230-5:2000, Test code for machine tools — Part 5: Determination of the noise emission
ISO 447:1984, Machine tools — Direction of operation of controls
ISO 702-1:2009, Machine tools — Connecting dimensions of spindle noses and work holding chucks —
Part 1: Conical connection
ISO 841:2001, Industrial automation systems and integration — Numerical control of machines — Coordinate
system and motion nomenclature
2)
ISO 3744:— , Acoustics — Determination of sound power level of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
3)
ISO 3746:— , Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
4)
ISO 4413:— , Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
5)
ISO 4414:— , Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment
ISO 6385:2004, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
ISO 8525:2008, Airborne noise emitted by machine tools — Operating conditions for metal-cutting machines
ISO 9241(all parts), Ergonomics of human-system interaction
6)
ISO 10218-2:— , Robots and robotic devices — Safety requirements — Part 2: Industrial robot system and
integration
7)
ISO 11202:— , Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
8)
ISO 11204:— , Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying accurate environmental corrections

2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3744:1994)
3) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3746:1995)
4) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4413:1998)
5) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4414:1998)
6) To be published.
7) To be published. (Revision of ISO 11202:1995)
8) To be published. (Revision of ISO 11204:1995)
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning
ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles
ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 13851:2002, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects and design
principles
ISO 13854:1996, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
9)
ISO 13855:— , Safety of machinery — Positioning of protective equipment with respect to the approach
speeds of parts of the human body
ISO 13856-2:2005, Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles
for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
ISO 13856-3:2006, Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 3: General principles
for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices
ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs
ISO 14118:2000, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119:1998, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design
and selection
ISO 14120:2002, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
ISO 14121-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 1: Principles
ISO 14122-1:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of
fixed means of access between two levels
ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways
ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails
ISO 14122-4:2004, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders
ISO 14159:2002, Safety of machinery — Hygiene requirements for the design of machinery

9) To be published.
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
ISO 16156:2004, Machine-tools safety — Safety requirements for the design and construction of work holding
chucks
IEC 60204-1:2009, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60825-1:2007, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for
industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4:2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission
standard for industrial environments
IEC 62061:2005, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC 61800-5-2:2007, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 1: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery
EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 2: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for access openings
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 2: Interactions between
the design of machinery and work tasks
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 982:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components — Hydraulics
EN 983:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components — Pneumatics
EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 1: Terms and
definitions
EN 1005-2:2003+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling
of machinery and component parts of machinery
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 4: Evaluation of
working postures and movements in relation to machinery
EN 1837:1999+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Integral lighting of machines
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1:2003, and
ISO 13849-1:2006 and the following apply.
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
turning machine
machine tool in which the principal movement is the rotation of the workpiece against the stationary cutting
tool(s)
3.1.2
manual control
mode of operation where each movement of the machine is individually initiated and controlled by the operator
3.1.3
manually controlled turning machine
turning machine (3.1.1) for which process steps for the machining are controlled or started by an operator
without support by an NC-machining program
3.1.4
numerical control
NC
computerized numerical control
CNC
automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numerical data introduced while the
operation is in progress
NOTE Adapted from ISO/IEC 2806:1994, definition 2.1.1.
3.1.5
numerically controlled turning machine
NC turning machine
turning machine that operates under numerical control (3.1.4) or computerized numerical control (CNC)
3.1.6
turning centre
numerically controlled turning machine (3.1.5) equipped with power-driven tools and the capability to
orientate the work holding spindle around its axis
NOTE 1 A turning centre can also include, but is not limited to, functions such as gauging, burnishing, threading, boring,
milling, grinding and drilling.
NOTE 2 If grinding processes are involved, see EN 13218 for additional safety measures.
3.1.7
work zone
space where metal cutting is to take place
3.1.8
performance level
PL
discrete level used to specify the ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety function
under foreseeable conditions
[ISO 13849-1:2006, definition 3.1.23]
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ISO 23125:2010(E)
3.1.9
mean time to dangerous failure
MTTF
d
expectation of the mean time to dangerous failure
[ISO 13849-1:2006, definition 3.1.25]
3.2 Parts of turning machines
3.2.1
vision panel
window provided in a guard through which the operator can view the work zone (3.1.7) or other areas of the
machine
3.2.2
chuck
clamping device in which workpieces are clamped with the aid of either manual energy or pneumatic,
hydraulic or electric energy
See Figure 1.
NOTE Adapted from ISO 16156:2004, definition 3.1.

NOTE The chuck with 3 jaws is an example only, a chuck can have 2, 3, 4 or 6 jaws.
Figure 1 — Chuck
3.2.3
collet
device designed to hold the bar into the turning spindle, e.g. by pressure bar or draw bar
See Figure 2.
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ISO 23125:2010(E)

Figure 2 — Collet
3.2.4
electronic handwheel
manually operated control device which initiates and maintains an axis movement by pulse generation input to
the numerical control (3.1.4) during its rotation
3.3 Modes of operation
3.3.1
Mode 0: manual mode
operation of the machine by the operator without NC functions or non-automatic mode of the machine axes,
where the operator has control over the machining process without the use of pre-programmed operations
NOTE The axes movement can be controlled by the use of push buttons, electronic handwheels or joysticks.
3.3.2
Mode 1: automatic mode
automatic, programmed, sequential operation of the machine with the facility for manual or automatic
loading/unloading of workpiece and tools, until stopped by program or operator
3.3.3
Mode 2: setting mode
mode of operation in which adjustments for the subsequent machining process are performed by the operator
NOTE Checking of tool or workpiece position (e.g. by touching the workpiece with a probe or tool) are procedures of
the setting mode (see 5.2.4.4).
3.3.4
service mode
mode for service and maintenance tasks, such as axis calibration by laser, ballbar testing and spindle error
analysis
NOTE In service mode, the machining of a workpiece is not allowed (see 5.2.4.5).
© ISO
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