ISO 10984-2:2009

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10984-2
First edition
2009-08-15


Timber structures — Dowel-type
fasteners —
Part 2:
Determination of embedding strength
Structures en bois — Éléments de fixation de type cheville —
Partie 2: Détermination des valeurs de résistance des scellements





Reference number
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Requirements . 2
6 Test method. 2
7 Test report . 11
Bibliography . 12

© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10984-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 165, Timber structures.
ISO 10984 consists of the following parts, under the general title Timber structures — Dowel-type fasteners:
⎯ Part 1: Determination of yield moment
⎯ Part 2: Determination of embedding strength

iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
Introduction
Dowel-type fasteners are those mechanical fasteners that are most widely used for timber structures. Their
characteristics, such as yield moment, have a great effect on the mechanical performance of joints made with
dowel-type fasteners under loads.
The purpose of this part of ISO 10984 is to define methods to measure the embedding strength for fasteners
as one of the basic parameters to interpret the behaviour of joints under loads. The requirements are
necessary to replicate the same conditions as those for timber structures in the field. Loads can be applied to
the specimen either by compression or tension, whichever is relevant. This part of ISO 10984 is based on
EN 383 and ASTM D5764.
ISO 10984-1 provides the test method to obtain other basic information on the behaviour of mechanical joints
under loads.

© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10984-2:2009(E)

Timber structures — Dowel-type fasteners —
Part 2:
Determination of embedding strength
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10984 specifies laboratory methods for determining the embedding strength of solid timber,
glued laminated timber and wood-based sheet products with dowel-type fasteners.
Descriptors: timber construction, fasteners, nails (fasteners), bolts, tests, compression tests, determination,
compressive strength.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3130, Wood — Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests
ISO 3131, Wood — Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dowel-type fastener
bolt, nail, screw, dowel or the like with plain or patterned surfaces
3.2
embedding strength
average compressive stress at maximum load in a piece of timber or wood-based sheet product under the
action of a stiff linear fastener
NOTE The fastener’s axis is perpendicular to the surface of the timber. The fastener is loaded perpendicular to its
axis.
3.3
maximum load
Maximum load measured before the deformation of the specimen has reached the deformation limit equal to
(w + 5) mm
0
3.4 Fastener section dimension
3.4.1
fastener section dimension
〈plain round or profiled fastener〉 diameter of the shank without coating
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
3.4.2
fastener section dimension
〈square fastener〉 length of one side of the section
3.4.3
fastener section dimension
〈oval or rectangular fastener〉 minimum dimension of the section
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
d fastener section dimension, expressed in millimetres
F load, expressed in newtons
F maximum load, expressed in newtons

max
F estimated maximum load, expressed in newtons

max,est
f embedding strength, expressed in newtons per square millimetre
h
f estimated embedding strength, expressed in newtons per square millimetre

h,est
K elastic foundation modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre
e
K initial foundation modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre
i
K foundation modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre
s
t test piece thickness, expressed in millimetres
w indentation or deformation, expressed in millimetres
w elastic deformation, expressed in millimetres
e
w initial deformation, expressed in millimetres
i
w modified initial deformation, expressed in millimetres
i,mod
w deformation of the test apparatus at any given load, expressed in millimetres
0
5 Requirements
The fasteners and the timber, glued laminated timber or wood-based sheet product shall be, as far as possible,
of the quality allowed by the relevant material specification.
6 Test method
6.1 Principle
The test shall be carried out on the test piece and using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. The fastener shall
be uniformly embedded along its length into the wood without significant bending of the fastener. If it is difficult
to avoid bending the fastener under test using the apparatus shown in Figure 1, the apparatus shown in
Figure 2 may be used for tests.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)
The fastener shall be loaded perpendicular to its axis through the steel loading apparatus, and the load and
the corresponding indentation or deformation shall be measured; see Figures 1 and 2.
The loading may be either in tension [see Figures 1 and 3 a)], or in compression; see Figures 2 and 3 b). For
solid timber and solid, laminated or composite wood products with only one grain direction, the loading may be
either parallel to the grain [see Figures 3 a) and 3 b)] or compression perpendicular to the grain; see
Figure 3 c).
NOTE The principles of this part of ISO 10984 can be used for other angles between the load and the grain.
6.2 Test pieces
The test piece is a rectangular prism of wood or wood-based sheet product with a fastener placed with its axis
perpendicular to the surface of the prismatic test piece. The minimum sizes of the test pieces are given in
Table 1. The thickness shall be in the range 5d to 4d.
NOTE The reason for this requirement is to ensure a uniform embedment stress distribution over the longitudinal axis
of the fastener. Particularly in using high density material, this is of concern.
For wood-based sheet products, the thickness of the test piece shall be the thickness of the panel as
produced.
For the fasteners with coatings, the coatings shall be removed before measuring the diameter and carrying
out the tests.

Key
1 steel apparatus
2 fastener
3 displacement gauge attached to the test piece
4 test piece
Figure 1 — Tension test principle
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 10984-2:2009(E)

Key
1 steel apparatus
2 fastener
3 displacement gauge attached to the test piece
4 test piece
Figure 2 — Compression test principle




a)  For tension-parallel-to-grain b)  For compression-parallel- c)  For compression-
test to-grain test perpendicular-to-grain test
(as shown in Figure 1) (as shown in Figure 2) (as shown in Figure 2)
Key
1
...