ISO 22561:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22561
First edition
Gasoline engines with direct fuel
injection (GDI engines) — Installation
of the injectors to the engine
Moteurs à essence à injection directe de carburant (moteurs à
injection directe d'essence) — Installation des injecteurs sur le moteur
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 22561:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 22561:2020(E)

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ISO 22561:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
4.1 Injector dimensions . 2
4.2 Rail assembly and injector cup bore dimensions . 2
4.3 Cylinder head bore dimensions . 2
5 General requirements . 3
5.1 Injector description . 3
5.2 Injector mounting arrangement . 5
6 Dimensions and tolerances . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Injector cup . 6
6.3 Cylinder head bore . 7
6.4 High pressure connector . 8
Bibliography . 9
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ISO 22561:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www. iso. org/m embers. html.
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ISO 22561:2020(E)

Introduction
The motor vehicle industry is increasingly being pressured by the world's regulators to improve fuel
consumption thus reducing exhaust CO emissions. The challenge for automotive engineers is to balance
2
the trade-offs between the technology to improve fuel consumption and to reduce any other regulated
emissions (such as NO , HC and particulates).
X
The most promising new engine technology of late is the direct injection spark ignition engine [also
known as the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine]. Listed amongst the advantages of GDI are a
significantly improved fuel economy and corresponding lower CO emissions than on contemporary
2
gasoline engines.
With this technology comes new fuel system components and updates to their interfaces with the
engine. One component of the GDI fuel system is the injectors, which inject the fuel directly into the
combustion chambers using fuel which is supplied at high pressure from the fuel rail.
This document provides design engineers with standard dimensions for the mounting of the GDI
injectors in the cylinder head and for their connection to the fuel rail.
NOTE Gasoline direct injection systems typically operate at a pressure range of up to about 35 MPa. For
gasoline systems this is considered as high pressure, thus the pump is called high pressure pump. If this pressure
range is regarded in the view of all injection systems, diesel and gasoline, it is considered as medium pressure, as
diesel injection operates at much higher pressures. So, even if the terms differ (high pressure connector in this
document, medium pressure liquid fuel supply connections in ISO 18418-1 and ISO 18418-2), they mean the same
pressure range and are designed for the same purpose.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22561:2020(E)
Gasoline engines with direct fuel injection (GDI engines) —
Installation of the injectors to the engine
1 Scope
This document specifies the dimensions required for the installation and integration of the fuel
injectors in gasoline (GDI) engines. It also describes the interface of the fuel injector cup within the fuel
rail to the individual injector.
NOTE When the word “fuel” is used in the terms listed, it can be omitted, provided there is no
misunderstanding.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2974, Diesel engines — 60° female cones for high-pressure fuel injection components
ISO 18418-1, Gasoline engines — Medium pressure liquid fuel supply connections — Part 1: 60° female cone
connectors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the foll
...