IEC 62271-109:2008

IEC 62271-109
Edition 2.0 2008-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches

Appareillage à haute tension –
Partie 109: Interrupteurs de contournement pour condensateurs série à courant
alternatif
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IEC 62271-109
Edition 2.0 2008-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches

Appareillage à haute tension –
Partie 109: Interrupteurs de contournement pour condensateurs série à courant
alternatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XF
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-88910-655-4
– 2 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.8

1 General .10

1.1 Scope.10

1.2 Normative references .10

2 Normal and special service conditions .11

3 Terms and definitions .11

3.1 General terms .11

3.2 Assemblies.13
3.3 Parts of assemblies .13
3.4 Switching devices.13
3.5 Parts of by-pass switches.15
3.6 Operation .17
3.7 Characteristic quantities .18
3.8 Definitions related to series capacitor banks.22
3.9 Index of definitions .25
4 Ratings.28
4.1 Rated voltage (U ) .28
r
4.2 Rated insulation level .29
4.2.101 Rated insulation level to earth .29
4.2.102 Rated insulation level across the by-pass switch .29
4.3 Rated frequency (f ).29
r
4.4 Rated normal current (I ) and temperature rise .29
r
4.5 Rated short-time withstand current (I ) .29
k
4.6 Rated peak withstand current (I ) .30
p
4.7 Rated duration of short-circuit (t ) .30
k
4.8 Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and
control circuits (U ) .30
a
4.9 Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and auxiliary
circuits.30
4.10 Rated pressures of compressed gas supply for insulation, operation and/or
by-passing and insertion.30
4.101 Rated operating sequence .30
4.102 Rated by-pass making current (I ) .30
BP
4.104 Rated reinsertion voltage (U ) .31
INS
4.105 Rated time quantities.32
4.106 Number of mechanical operations.32
5 Design and construction .32
5.1 Requirements for liquids in by-pass switches.32
5.2 Requirements for gases in by-pass switches.32
5.3 Earthing of by-pass switches .32
5.4 Auxiliary equipment .32
5.5 Dependent power operation.33
5.6 Stored energy operation .34
5.7 Independent manual operation.34
5.8 Operation of releases .34
5.8.1 Shunt closing releases .34

62271-109 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
5.8.2 Shunt opening releases.34

5.8.3 Capacitor operation of shunt releases .34

5.8.4 Under-voltage release .34

5.8.101 Multiple releases .34

5.8.102 Operation limits of releases.34

5.8.103 Power consumption of releases.34

5.9 Low- and high-pressure interlocking devices.35

5.10 Nameplates .35

5.11 Interlocking devices .37

5.12 Position indication .37

5.13 Degrees of protection by enclosures.37
5.14 Creepage distances.37
5.15 Gas and vacuum tightness.37
5.16 Liquid tightness .37
5.17 Fire hazard (flammability) .37
5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility .37
5.19 X-ray emission.38
5.20 Corrosion.38
5.101 Requirements for simultaneity within a pole .38
5.102 General requirement for operation .38
5.103 Pressure limits of fluids for operation.38
5.104 Vent outlets .38
6 Type tests .39
6.1 General .40
6.1.1 Grouping of tests .40
6.1.2 Information for identification of specimens.40
6.1.3 Information to be included in type test reports .40
6.2 Dielectric tests .41
6.2.1 Ambient air conditions during tests .41
6.2.2 Wet test procedure .41
6.2.3 Condition of by-pass switch during dielectric tests .41
6.2.4 Criteria to pass the test .41
6.2.5 Application of test voltage and test conditions .42
6.2.6 Tests of by-pass switches of U ≤ 245 kV or U ≤ 245 kV .42
re rp
6.2.7 Tests of by-pass switches of U > 245 kV or U > 245 kV.42
re rp
6.2.8 Artificial pollution tests .43
6.2.9 Partial discharge tests .43
6.2.10 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits .43
6.2.11 Voltage test as a condition check .43
6.3 Radio interference voltage (r.i.v.) tests .44
6.4 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit .44
6.5 Temperature-rise tests .45
6.5.1 Conditions of the by-pass switch to be tested .45
6.5.2 Arrangement of the equipment.45
6.5.3 Measurement of the temperature and the temperature rise .45
6.5.4 Ambient air temperature .45
6.5.5 Temperature-rise tests of the auxiliary and control equipment .45
6.5.6 Interpretation of the temperature-rise tests .45

– 4 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
6.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests .45

6.6.1 Arrangement of the by-pass switch and of the test circuit .45

6.6.2 Test current and duration.45

6.6.3 Behaviour of the by-pass switch during test .45

6.6.4 Conditions of the by-pass switch after test.45

6.7 Verification of the degree of protection .45

6.7.1 Verification of the IP coding.45

6.7.2 Mechanical impact test (verification of the IK coding) .45

6.8 Tightness tests .46

6.9 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests.46

6.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits .46
6.10.1 General .46
6.10.2 Functional tests .46
6.10.3 Electrical continuity of earthed metallic parts test .46
6.10.4 Verification of the operational characteristics of auxiliary contacts.46
6.10.5 Environmental tests .46
6.11 X-Radiation test procedure for vacuum interrupters .47
6.101 Mechanical and environmental tests .47
6.101.1 Miscellaneous provisions for mechanical and environmental tests .47
6.101.2 Mechanical operation test at ambient air temperature.49
6.101.3 Low and high temperature tests .51
6.101.4 Humidity test .55
6.101.5 Test to prove the operation under severe ice conditions .55
6.101.6 Static terminal load test.55
6.102 Miscellaneous provisions for by-pass making and insertion tests .57
6.102.1 General .57
6.102.2 Number of test specimens .57
6.102.3 Arrangement of by-pass switch for tests .57
6.102.4 General considerations concerning testing methods.59
6.102.5 Synthetic tests .61
6.102.6 No-load operations before tests.61
6.102.7 Alternative operating mechanisms.61
6.102.8 Behaviour of by-pass switch during tests.62
6.102.9 Condition of by-pass switch after tests .62
6.103 Sequence of the tests .64

6.104 By-pass making current test-duty.64
6.104.1 General .64
6.104.2 Characteristics of supply circuit.64
6.104.3 Test voltage .65
6.104.4 Test current.65
6.105 Insertion current test-duty.66
6.105.1 General .66
6.105.3 Test voltage .67
6.105.4 Test current.67
6.105.5 Number of operations.67
6.106 Criteria to pass the test duties .68
7 Routine tests .68
7.1 Dielectric test on the main circuit .68

62271-109 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
7.2 Dielectric test on auxiliary and control circuits .69

7.3 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit .69

7.4 Tightness test .69

7.5 Design and visual checks .69

7.101 Mechanical operating tests .69

8 Guide to the selection of by-pass switches for service .70

9 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders .71

9.101 Information to be given with enquiries and orders .71

9.102 Information to be given with tenders .72

10 Rules for transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance .73
10.1 Conditions during transport, storage and installation .73
10.2 Installation .73
10.2.101 Guide for commissioning tests .73
10.2.102 Commissioning checks and test programme.74
10.3 Operation .79
10.4 Maintenance.79
10.4.101 Resistors and capacitors (if applicable).80
11 Safety.80
12 Influence of the product on environment .80
Annex A (normative) Tolerances on test quantities during type tests.98
Annex B (normative) Records and reports of type tests.102
Annex C (informative) List of symbols and abbreviations used .105
Annex D (informative) Examples of by-pass switch ratings.107
Annex E (informative) By-pass switches used as the primary by-passing devices .114
Annex F (informative) Explanatory note regarding transient recovery voltage during
reinsertion .115
Annex G (normative) Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements .125
Bibliography.127

Figure 1 – By-pass switch – Opening and closing operations .81
Figure 2 – By-pass switch – Close-open cycle .82
Figure 3 – By-pass switch – Open-close cycle .83
Figure 4 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests.84

Figure 5 – Static terminal load forces.85
Figure 6 – Directions for static terminal load tests.86
Figure 7 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) .87
Figure 8 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
prescribed envelopes centred over the reference curve (±5 %), contact separation in
this example at time t = 20 ms .87
Figure 9 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
+10
prescribed envelopes fully displaced upward from the reference curve ( %),
contact separation in this example at time t = 20 ms .88
Figure 10 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
prescribed envelopes fully displaced downward from the reference curve ( %),
−10
contact separation in this example at time t = 20 ms .88

– 6 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
Figure 11 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of by-pass switches with more

than one separate by-pass units .89

Figure 12 – Typical test circuit for the by-pass making current test-duty .90

Figure 13 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical test circuit for the by-pass making

current test-duty .91

Figure 14 – Typical LC test circuit for the insertion current test-duty .92

Figure 15 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical LC test circuit for the insertion

current test-duty .93

Figure 16 – Typical test circuit for the insertion current test-duty (mainly for high rated

insertion current) .94

Figure 17 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical test circuit shown in Figure 16 for
the insertion current test-duty .95
Figure 18 – Typical direct test circuit for the insertion current test-duty.96
Figure 19 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical direct test circuit for the insertion
current test-duty .97
Figure E.1 – Typical components layout for by-pass switches used as the primary by-
passing device.114
Figure F.1 – Typical example of the transient reinsertion voltage across a by-switch

for a low compensation factor scheme (k = 0,2) and for a power swing of 1,8 p.u.121
Figure F.2 – Typical example of the transient reinsertion voltage across a by-switch
for an high compensation factor scheme (k = 0,5) and for a power swing of 1,8 p.u. .122
Figure F.3 – Comparison of the calculated transient reinsertion voltage examples and
possible testing envelopes for 50 Hz systems .122
Figure F.4 – Comparison of the calculated transient reinsertion voltage examples and
possible testing envelopes for 60 Hz systems .123

Table 1 – Nameplate information .36
Table 2 – Type tests .40
Table 3 – Invalid tests.41
Table 4 – Number of operating sequences .50
Table 5 – Examples of static horizontal and vertical forces for static terminal load test .56
Table 6 – Application of voltage for dielectric test on the main circuit.68
Table A.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests .99
Table D.1 – Typical ratings for a series capacitor bank by-pass switch – Cases 1 to 6.108

Table D.2 – Typical series capacitor bank by-pass switch ratings – Cases 7 to 12 .110
Table D.3 – Typical series capacitor bank by-pass switch ratings – Cases 13 to 18 .112
Table F.1 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing nor emergency overload, I = 1,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f =
load PL
50 Hz.116
Table F.2 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,2 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
load PL
and f = 50 Hz .116
Table F.3 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
= 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,4 p.u.; U
load PL
and f = 50 Hz .116
Table F.4 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,6 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
load PL
and f = 50 Hz .117

62271-109 © IEC:2008 – 7 –
Table F.5 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having

power swing, I = 1,8 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz.117
load PL
Table F.6 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having

= 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz.117
power swing, I = 2,0 p.u.; U
load PL
Table F.7 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having

power swing, I = 2,3 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz.118
load PL
Table F.8 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having

power swing, I = 2,5 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz.118
load PL
Table F.9 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having

power swing nor emergency overload, I = 1,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f =
load PL
60 Hz.118
Table F.10 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,2 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
load PL
and f = 60 Hz .119
Table F.11 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,4 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
load PL
and f = 60 Hz .119
Table F.12 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems not having
power swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,6 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85
load PL
and f = 60 Hz .119
Table F.13 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having
power swing, I = 1,8 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz.120
load PL
Table F.14 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having
power swing, I = 2,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz.120
load PL
Table F.15 – Typical examples of transient reinsertion voltages for systems having
power swing, I = 2,3 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz.120
load PL
Table F.16 – Typical examples of reinsertion recovery voltages for systems having
power swing, I = 2,5 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz.121
load PL
Table G.1 – Summary of type tests related to mechanical characteristics .126

– 8 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

___________
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –

Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor

by-pass switches
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62271-109 has been prepared by subcommittee 17A: High-voltage
switchgear and controlgear, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and controlgear.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2006, and constitutes
a technical revision.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– By-passing test duty has been split with operations at rated by-pass making current I
BP
and operations at capacitor bank discharge current I
DISCHARGE.
– Equivalence regarding applicability of test parameters (current peak and frequency) during
by-pass making tests in relation with service conditions have been reviewed and changed
accordingly.
– Recovery voltage waveshape during insertion test duty has been recalculated and
optimized. An explanatory note on the calculation of the recovery voltage is given in
Annex F.
62271-109 © IEC:2008 – 9 –
– Withdrawal of the electrical endurance class BP2. Such devices are now covered in

informative Annex E
– Addition of Annex D which gives examples of typical by-pass switch ratings.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting
17A/837/FDIS 17A/844/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62271 series can be found, under the general title High-voltage
switchgear and controlgear, on the IEC website.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62271-100 and IEC 62271-1 (2007), to
which it refers and which is applicable, unless otherwise specified in this standard. In order to
simplify the indication of corresponding requirements, the same numbering of clauses and
subclauses is used as in IEC 62271-1. Amendments to these clauses and subclauses are
given under the same references whilst additional subclauses are numbered from 101.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 10 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –

Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor

by-pass switches
1 General
1.1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 is applicable to a.c. series capacitor by-pass switches designed for
outdoor installation and for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz on systems having
voltages above 52 kV.
It is only applicable to by-pass switches for use in three-phase systems.
This standard is also applicable to the operating devices of by-pass switches and to their
auxiliary equipment.
1.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-151:2001, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 151: Electrical and
magnetic devices
IEC 60050-436:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 436: Power
capacitors
IEC 60050-441:1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 441: Switchgear,
controlgear and fuses
IEC 60050-604:1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 604: Generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity – Operation
IEC 60060 (all parts), High-voltage test techniques

IEC 60143-1:2004, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 1: General
IEC 60143-2:1994, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 2: Protective equipment for
series capacitor banks
IEC 60296, Fluids for electrotchnical applications – Unused mineral insulating oils for
transformers and switchgear
IEC 60376, Specification of technical grade sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) for use in electrical
equipment
IEC 60480, Guidelines for the checking and treatment of sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) taken
from electrical equipment and specification for its re-use

62271-109 © IEC:2008 – 11 –
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 62271-1:2007, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications

IEC 62271-100:2008, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: Alternating-current

circuit-breakers
IEC 62271-101, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 101: Synthetic testing

IEC 62271-102:2001, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 102: Alternating current

disconnectors and earthing switches

IEC 62271-303, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 303: Use and handling of
sulphur hexafluoride (SF )
2 Normal and special service conditions
Clause 2 of IEC 62271-1 is applicable.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of IEC 60050-151, IEC 60050-
436, IEC 60050-441, IEC 60050-604, IEC 60143-1, IEC 60143-2 and IEC 62271-1 apply.
Some of them are recalled here for ease of reference.
Additional terms and definitions are classified so as to be aligned with the classification used
in IEC 60050-441.
3.1 General terms
3.1.101
switchgear and controlgear
[IEV 441-11-01]
3.1.102
outdoor switchgear and controlgear
[IEV 441-11-05]
3.1.103
short-circuit current
[IEV 441-11-07]
3.1.104
ambient air temperature
[IEV 441-11-13]
3.1.105
temperature rise (of a part of a by-pass switch)
difference between the temperature of the part and the ambient air temperature
3.1.106
overvoltage (in a system)
any voltage between one phase and earth or between phases having a peak value or values
exceeding the corresponding peak of the highest voltage for equipment
[IEV 604-03-09, modified]
– 12 – 62271-109 © IEC:2008
3.1.107
unit test
test made on a by-passing or insertion unit or group of units at the by-pass making current or

the insertion current, specified for the
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