IEC 62271-109:2019

IEC 62271-109 ®
Edition 3.0 2019-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches

Appareillage à haute tension –
Partie 109: Interrupteurs de contournement pour condensateurs série à courant
alternatif
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IEC 62271-109 ®
Edition 3.0 2019-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –

Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches

Appareillage à haute tension –

Partie 109: Interrupteurs de contournement pour condensateurs série à courant

alternatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6673-1

– 2 – IEC 62271-109:2019  IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
3.1 General terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Assemblies . 15
3.3 Parts of assemblies . 15
3.4 Switching devices . 15
3.5 Parts of by-pass switches . 17
3.6 Operational characteristics of by-pass switches . 20
3.7 Characteristic quantities . 22
3.8 Terms and definitions related to series capacitor banks . 30
3.9 Index of definitions . 33
4 Normal and special service conditions . 37
5 Ratings . 37
5.1 General . 37
5.2 Rated voltage (U ) . 38
r
5.2.1 General . 38
5.2.2 Range I for rated voltage of 245 kV and below . 38
5.2.3 Range II for rated voltage above 245 kV . 38
5.3 Rated insulation level (U , U , U ) . 38
p d s
5.3.101 Rated insulation level to earth (U , U , U ) . 38
pe de se
5.3.102 Rated insulation level across the by-pass switch (U , U , U ) . 38
pp dp sp
5.4 Rated frequency (f ) . 39
r
5.5 Rated continuous current (I ) . 39
r
5.6 Rated short-time withstand current (I ) . 39
k
5.7 Rated peak withstand current (I ) . 39
p
5.8 Rated duration of short-circuit (t ) . 39
k
5.9 Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (U ) . 39
a
5.10 Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits . 39
5.11 Rated pressures of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems . 39
5.101 Rated operating sequence . 39
5.102 Rated by-pass making current (I ) . 40
BP
5.103 Rated by-pass insertion current (I ) . 41
INS
5.104 Rated reinsertion voltage (U ) . 41
INS
5.105 Number of mechanical operations . 41
6 Design and construction . 41
6.1 Requirements for liquids in by-pass switches . 41
6.2 Requirements for gases in by-pass switches . 42
6.3 Earthing of by-pass switches. 42
6.4 Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits . 42
6.4.1 General . 42
6.4.2 Protection against electrical shock . 42
6.4.3 Components installed in enclosures . 42
6.5 Dependent power operation . 43
6.6 Stored energy operation . 43

6.7 Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation) . 43
6.8 Manually operated actuators . 43
6.9 Operation of releases . 43
6.9.1 General . 43
6.9.2 Shunt closing releases . 43
6.9.3 Shunt opening releases . 43
6.9.4 Capacitor operation of shunt releases . 44
6.9.5 Under-voltage release . 44
6.9.101 Multiple releases . 44
6.9.102 Operation limits of releases . 44
6.9.103 Power consumption of releases . 44
6.10 Pressure/level indication . 44
6.10.101 Low- and high-pressure interlocking devices . 44
6.11 Nameplates. 44
6.12 Locking devices . 46
6.13 Position indication . 46
6.14 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures . 46
6.15 Creepage distances for outdoor insulators . 46
6.16 Gas and vacuum tightness . 46
6.17 Tightness for liquid systems . 46
6.18 Fire hazard (flammability) . 46
6.19 Electromagnetic compatibility . 46
6.20 X-ray emission . 46
6.21 Corrosion . 46
6.22 Filling levels for insulation, by-passing, insertion and/or operation . 46
6.101 Requirements for simultaneity within a pole . 46
6.102 General requirement for operation . 46
6.103 Pressure limits of fluids for operation . 47
6.104 Vent outlets . 47
6.105 Time quantities . 47
6.106 Static mechanical loads . 48
7 Type tests . 48
7.1 General . 48
7.1.1 Basics . 48
7.1.2 Information for identification of test objects . 49
7.1.3 Information to be included in type test reports . 49
7.1.101 Invalid tests . 50
7.1.102 Type tests to repeat for by-pass switches with alternative operating
mechanisms . 50
7.2 Dielectric tests . 50
7.2.1 General . 50
7.2.2 Ambient air conditions during tests . 50
7.2.3 Wet test procedure . 51
7.2.4 Arrangement of the equipment . 51
7.2.5 Criteria to pass the test . 51
7.2.6 Application of test voltage and test conditions . 51
7.2.7 Tests of by-pass switches of U ≤ 245 kV or U ≤ 245 kV . 51
re rp
7.2.8 Tests of by-pass switches of U > 245 kV or U > 245 kV . 52
re rp
7.2.9 Artificial pollution tests for outdoor insulators . 52

– 4 – IEC 62271-109:2019  IEC 2019
7.2.10 Partial discharge tests . 52
7.2.11 Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 53
7.2.12 Voltage test as condition check . 53
7.3 Radio interference voltage (RIV) tests . 54
7.4 Resistance measurement . 54
7.5 Continuous current tests . 55
7.5.1 Conditions of the test object . 55
7.5.2 Arrangement of the equipment . 55
7.5.3 Test current and duration . 55
7.5.4 Temperature measurement during test . 56
7.5.5 Resistance of the main circuit . 56
7.5.6 Criteria to pass test . 56
7.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests . 56
7.6.1 General . 56
7.6.2 Arrangement of the by-pass switch and of the test circuit . 56
7.6.3 Test current and duration . 56
7.6.4 Condition of the by-pass switch after test. 56
7.7 Verification of the protection . 56
7.7.1 Verification of the IP coding . 56
7.7.2 Verification of the IK coding . 56
7.8 Tightness tests . 56
7.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC) . 56
7.9.1 Emission tests . 56
7.9.2 Immunity tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 57
7.9.3 Additional EMC tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 57
7.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 57
7.10.1 General . 57
7.10.2 Functional tests . 57
7.10.3 Verification of the operational characteristics of auxiliary contacts . 57
7.10.4 Environmental tests . 57
7.10.5 Dielectric test . 58
7.11 X-Radiation test for vacuum interrupters . 58
7.101 Mechanical and environmental tests . 58
7.101.1 Miscellaneous provisions for mechanical and environmental tests . 58
7.101.2 Mechanical operation test at ambient air temperature . 60
7.101.3 Low and high temperature tests . 62
7.101.4 Humidity test . 68
7.101.5 Test to prove the operation under severe ice conditions . 68
7.102 Miscellaneous provisions for by-pass making and insertion tests . 68
7.102.1 General . 68
7.102.2 Number of test specimens . 69
7.102.3 Arrangement of by-pass switch for tests . 69
7.102.4 General considerations concerning testing methods . 70
7.102.5 Synthetic tests . 73
7.102.6 No-load operations before tests . 73
7.102.7 Alternative operating mechanisms . 73
7.102.8 Behaviour of by-pass switch during tests . 74
7.102.9 Condition of by-pass switch after tests . 74

7.103 By-pass making current test-duty and insertion current test-duty, sequence
of tests . 76
7.103.1 General . 76
7.103.2 By-pass making current test-duty . 76
7.103.3 Insertion current test-duty . 79
7.103.4 Criteria to pass the test duties . 88
8 Routine tests . 88
8.1 General . 88
8.2 Dielectric test on the main circuit . 88
8.3 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 90
8.3.1 Inspection of auxiliary and control circuits, and verification of conformity
to circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams . 90
8.3.2 Functional tests . 90
8.3.3 Verification of protection against electrical shock . 90
8.3.4 Dielectric tests . 90
8.4 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit . 90
8.5 Tightness test . 90
8.5.1 General . 90
8.5.2 Controlled pressure systems for gas . 90
8.5.3 Closed pressure systems for gas . 91
8.5.4 Sealed pressure systems . 91
8.5.5 Liquid tightness tests . 91
8.6 Design and visual checks . 91
8.101 Mechanical operating tests . 91
9 Guide to the selection of by-pass switches (informative) . 93
10 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders (informative) . 93
10.1 General . 93
10.2 Information with enquiries and orders . 93
10.3 Information with tenders . 94
11 Transport, storage, installation, operating instructions and maintenance. 96
11.1 General . 96
11.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation . 96
11.3 Installation . 96
11.4 Operating instruction . 96
11.5 Maintenance . 96
Guide for commissioning tests . 96
11.101.1 General . 96
11.101.2 Commissioning checks and test programme . 97
11.101.3 Resistors and capacitors (if applicable) . 102
12 Safety . 102
12.1 General . 102
12.2 Precautions by manufacturers . 103
12.3 Precautions by users . 103
13 Influence of the product on environment . 103
Annex A (normative) Tolerances on test quantities during type tests . 104
Annex B (normative) Records and reports of type tests . 108
B.1 Information and results to be recorded . 108
B.2 Information to be included in type test reports . 108

– 6 – IEC 62271-109:2019  IEC 2019
B.2.1 General . 108
B.2.2 Apparatus tested . 108
B.2.3 Rated characteristics of by-pass switch, including its operating devices
and auxiliary equipment . 108
B.2.4 Test conditions (for each series of tests; if applicable) . 108
B.2.5 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current test . 109
B.2.6 No-load operation . 109
B.2.7 By-pass making current test-duty . 109
B.2.8 Insertion current test-duty . 109
B.2.9 Oscillographic and other records . 110
Annex C (informative) (Void) . 111
Annex D (informative) Examples of by-pass switch ratings . 112
Annex E (normative) By-pass switches used as the primary by-passing devices . 119
Annex F (informative) Explanatory note regarding recovery voltage during reinsertion . 121
Annex G (normative) Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements . 131
Bibliography . 134

Figure 1 – Different layouts for series capacitor banks . 16
Figure 2 – By-pass switch – Opening and closing operations . 23
Figure 3 – By-pass switch – Close-open cycle . 24
Figure 4 – By-pass switch – Open-close cycle . 25
Figure 5 – Example of wind velocity measurement . 64
Figure 6 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests . 65
Figure 7 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of by-pass switches with more
than one separate by-pass units . 71
Figure 8 – Typical test circuit for the by-pass making current test-duty . 77
Figure 9 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical test circuit for the by-pass making
current test-duty . 78
Figure 10 – Typical LC test circuit for the insertion current test-duty . 81
Figure 11 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical LC test circuit for the insertion
current test-duty . 82
Figure 12 – Typical test circuit for the insertion current test-duty (mainly for high rated
insertion current) . 83
Figure 13 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical test circuit shown in Figure 12 for
the insertion current test-duty . 84
Figure 14 – Typical direct test circuit for the insertion current test-duty . 85
Figure 15 – Oscillogram obtained from the typical direct test circuit for the insertion
current test-duty . 86
Figure 16 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) . 92
Figure E.1 – Typical component layout for by-pass switches used as the primary by-
passing device . 119
Figure F.1 – Typical example of the reinsertion voltage across a by-switch for a low
compensation factor scheme (k = 0,2) and for a power swing of 1,8 p.u. . 128
Figure F.2 – Typical example of the reinsertion voltage across a by-switch for a high
compensation factor scheme (k = 0,5) and for a power swing of 1,8 p.u. . 128
Figure F.3 – Comparison of the calculated reinsertion voltage examples and possible
testing envelopes for 50 Hz systems . 129

Figure F.4 – Comparison of the calculated reinsertion voltage examples and possible
testing envelopes for 60 Hz systems . 129
Figure G.1 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) . 132
Figure G.2 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
prescribed envelopes centered over the reference curve (±5 %), contact separation in
this example at time t = 20 ms . 132
Figure G.3 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
+10
prescribed envelopes fully displaced upward from the reference curve ( %), contact
separation in this example at time t = 20 ms . 133
Figure G.4 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealized curve) with the
prescribed envelopes fully displaced downward from the reference curve ( %),
−10
contact separation in this example at time t = 20 ms . 133

Table 1 – Number of mechanical operations . 41
Table 2 – Nameplate information . 45
Table 3 – Examples of static horizontal and vertical forces for static terminal load . 48
Table 4 – Type tests . 49
Table 5 – Invalid tests . 50
Table 6 – Number of operating sequences . 61
Table 7 – Limits of supply voltage for closing and opening releases . 69
Table 8 – Test procedures for by-pass making current tests . 79
Table 9 – Application of voltage for dielectric test on the main circuit . 88
Table 10 – Test voltage for partial discharge test . 90
Table A.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests (1 of 3) . 105
Table D.1 – Typical ratings for a series capacitor bank by-pass switch – Cases 1 to 6 . 113
Table D.2 – Typical series capacitor bank by-pass switch ratings – Cases 7 to 12 . 115
Table D.3 – Typical series capacitor bank by-pass switch ratings – Cases 13 to 18 . 117
Table F.1 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing nor emergency overload, I = 1,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz . 122
load PL
Table F.2 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,2 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 50 Hz . 122
Table F.3 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,4 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 50 Hz . 123
Table F.4 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,6 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 50 Hz . 123
Table F.5 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 1,8 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz . 123
load PL
Table F.6 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 2,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz . 124
load PL
Table F.7 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 2,3 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz . 124
load PL
Table F.8 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 2,5 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 50 Hz . 124
load PL
– 8 – IEC 62271-109:2019  IEC 2019
Table F.9 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing nor emergency overload, I = 1,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz . 125
load PL
Table F.10 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,2 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 60 Hz . 125
Table F.11 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,4 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 60 Hz . 125
Table F.12 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems not having power
swing but with an emergency overload, I = 1,6 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f
load PL
= 60 Hz . 126
Table F.13 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 1,8 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz . 126
load PL
Table F.14 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 2,0 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz . 126
load PL
Table F.15 – Typical examples of reinsertion voltages for systems having power swing,
I = 2,3 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz . 127
load PL
Table F.16 – Typical examples of reinsertion recovery voltages for systems having
power swing, I = 2,5 p.u.; U = 2,2 p.u.; β = 0,85 and f = 60 Hz . 127
load PL
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –

Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor
by-pass switches
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62271-109 has been prepared by subcommittee 17A: Switching
devices, of IEC technical committee 17: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008 and Amendment
1:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition contains the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the document has been restructured according to edition 2.0 of IEC 62271-1;
b) the rated voltage assignation across the by-pass switch has been aligned to the rule
defined in IEC 60143-1;
c) clarification has been given reg
...