IEC 61970-456:2021

IEC 61970-456 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –
Part 456: Solved power system state profiles

Interface de programmation d'application pour système de gestion d'énergie
(EMS-API) –
Partie 456: Profils d'état de réseaux électriques résolus

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IEC 61970-456 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –

Part 456: Solved power system state profiles

Interface de programmation d'application pour système de gestion d'énergie

(EMS-API) –
Partie 456: Profils d'état de réseaux électriques résolus

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1046-1

– 2 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
INTRODUCTION . 12
1 Scope . 13
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Profile specification . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.1.1 General . 15
4.1.2 Steady state hypothesis profile . 15
4.1.3 Topology profile . 16
4.1.4 State variables profile . 16
4.2 Requirements and constraints . 16
5 Overview . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Modelling authorities . 22
5.3 Profile relationships . 24
5.4 Connectivity model. 25
6 Use cases . 26
6.1 Overview. 26
6.2 EMS network analysis integration . 28
6.3 Power flow based network analysis . 28
6.4 Model partitioning and boundary modelling . 29
6.4.1 General . 29
6.4.2 Network model boundaries . 30
6.4.3 Network parts and model merge . 31
6.4.4 Partitioning of a merged model . 33
7 Data model with CIMXML examples . 34
7.1 Topology processing . 34
7.1.1 Overview . 34
7.1.2 Bus-branch and node-breaker models . 34
8 Detailed Profile specification . 36
8.1 General . 36
8.2 Package SteadyStateHypothesisProfile. 36
8.2.1 General . 36
8.2.2 (abstract) ACDCConverter . 41
8.2.3 (Description) ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 41
8.2.4 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 42
8.2.5 (Description) ActivePowerLimit . 42
8.2.6 (Description) ApparentPowerLimit . 42
8.2.7 (Description) AsynchronousMachine . 43
8.2.8 (Description) BatteryUnit. 43
8.2.9 (Description) Breaker . 43
8.2.10 (abstract) ConductingEquipment . 44
8.2.11 (Description) ConformLoad . 44
8.2.12 (Description) ControlArea . 44
8.2.13 (Description) CsConverter . 45

8.2.14 (Description) CurrentLimit . 46
8.2.15 (abstract) DCBaseTerminal . 47
8.2.16 (Description) DCTerminal . 47
8.2.17 (Description) Disconnector. 47
8.2.18 (Description) DisconnectingCircuitBreaker . 48
8.2.19 (abstract) EnergyConnection . 48
8.2.20 (Description) EnergyConsumer . 48
8.2.21 (Description) EnergySource . 49
8.2.22 Equipment . 50
8.2.23 (abstract) EquivalentEquipment . 50
8.2.24 (Description) EquivalentInjection . 50
8.2.25 (Description) ExternalNetworkInjection . 51
8.2.26 (Description) Fuse . 51
8.2.27 (Description) GeneratingUnit . 52
8.2.28 (Description) GroundDisconnector . 52
8.2.29 (Description) HydroGeneratingUnit . 53
8.2.30 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 53
8.2.31 (Description) Jumper . 53
8.2.32 (Description) LinearShuntCompensator . 54
8.2.33 (Description) LoadBreakSwitch . 54
8.2.34 (Description) NonConformLoad . 54
8.2.35 (Description) NonlinearShuntCompensator . 55
8.2.36 (Description) NuclearGeneratingUnit . 55
8.2.37 (abstract) OperationalLimit . 55
8.2.38 (abstract) PhaseTapChanger . 56
8.2.39 (Description) PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical . 56
8.2.40 (Description) PhaseTapChangerLinear . 57
8.2.41 (abstract) PhaseTapChangerNonLinear . 57
8.2.42 (Description) PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical . 57
8.2.43 (Description) PhaseTapChangerTabular . 58
8.2.44 (Description) PowerElectronicsConnection . 58
8.2.45 (abstract) PowerElectronicsUnit . 59
8.2.46 (abstract) PowerSystemResource . 59
8.2.47 (abstract) ProtectedSwitch . 59
8.2.48 (Description) RatioTapChanger . 60
8.2.49 (abstract,Description) RegulatingCondEq . 60
8.2.50 (Description) RegulatingControl . 60
8.2.51 (abstract) RotatingMachine . 61
8.2.52 (abstract) ShuntCompensator . 62
8.2.53 (Description) SolarGeneratingUnit . 63
8.2.54 (Description) StaticVarCompensator . 63
8.2.55 (Description) StationSupply . 63
8.2.56 (Description) Switch . 64
8.2.57 (Description) SynchronousMachine . 64
8.2.58 (abstract) TapChanger . 65
8.2.59 (Description) TapChangerControl . 65
8.2.60 (Description) Terminal . 66
8.2.61 (Description) ThermalGeneratingUnit . 66
8.2.62 (Description) VoltageLimit . 66

– 4 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
8.2.63 (Description) VsConverter . 67
8.2.64 (Description) WindGeneratingUnit . 68
8.2.65 AsynchronousMachineKind enumeration . 68
8.2.66 BatteryStateKind enumeration . 68
8.2.67 CsOperatingModeKind enumeration. 68
8.2.68 CsPpccControlKind enumeration . 69
8.2.69 SynchronousMachineOperatingMode enumeration . 69
8.2.70 UnitMultiplier enumeration . 69
8.2.71 UnitSymbol enumeration . 70
8.2.72 VsPpccControlKind enumeration . 76
8.2.73 VsQpccControlKind enumeration . 76
8.2.74 ActivePower datatype . 77
8.2.75 AngleDegrees datatype . 77
8.2.76 AngleRadians datatype . 77
8.2.77 ApparentPower datatype. 78
8.2.78 CurrentFlow datatype . 78
8.2.79 PerCent datatype . 78
8.2.80 PU datatype . 79
8.2.81 ReactivePower datatype . 79
8.2.82 RealEnergy datatype . 79
8.2.83 Resistance datatype . 79
8.2.84 Voltage datatype. 80
8.2.85 Boolean primitive . 80
8.2.86 Date primitive . 80
8.2.87 Float primitive . 80
8.2.88 Integer primitive . 80
8.2.89 String primitive . 80
8.3 Package TopologyProfile . 80
8.3.1 General . 80
8.3.2 (Description) ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 82
8.3.3 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 82
8.3.4 (abstract) BaseVoltage root class . 82
8.3.5 (Description) ConnectivityNode root class . 82
8.3.6 (abstract) ConnectivityNodeContainer root class . 83
8.3.7 (abstract) DCBaseTerminal . 83
8.3.8 (abstract) DCEquipmentContainer root class . 83
8.3.9 (Description) DCNode . 83
8.3.10 (Description) DCTerminal . 84
8.3.11 DCTopologicalNode . 84
8.3.12 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 85
8.3.13 (Description) Terminal . 85
8.3.14 TopologicalNode . 86
8.3.15 Date primitive . 87
8.3.16 (abstract) ReportingGroup . 87
8.3.17 String primitive . 87
8.4 Package StateVariablesProfile . 87
8.4.1 General . 87
8.4.2 (abstract) ACDCConverter . 90
8.4.3 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 90

8.4.4 (Description) CsConverter . 90
8.4.5 (abstract) ConductingEquipment root class . 91
8.4.6 DCTopologicalIsland . 91
8.4.7 (abstract) DCTopologicalNode . 92
8.4.8 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 92
8.4.9 (abstract) ShuntCompensator root class . 93
8.4.10 SvInjection root class. 93
8.4.11 SvPowerFlow root class . 93
8.4.12 SvShuntCompensatorSections root class . 94
8.4.13 SvStatus root class . 94
8.4.14 SvSwitch root class . 95
8.4.15 SvTapStep root class . 95
8.4.16 SvVoltage root class . 96
8.4.17 (abstract) Switch . 96
8.4.18 (abstract) TapChanger root class . 96
8.4.19 (abstract) Terminal . 97
8.4.20 TopologicalIsland. 97
8.4.21 (abstract) TopologicalNode root class . 98
8.4.22 (Description) VsConverter . 98
8.4.23 UnitMultiplier enumeration . 98
8.4.24 UnitSymbol enumeration . 99
8.4.25 ActivePower datatype . 105
8.4.26 AngleDegrees datatype . 105
8.4.27 CurrentFlow datatype . 105
8.4.28 ReactivePower datatype . 105
8.4.29 Voltage datatype. 106
8.4.30 Boolean primitive . 106
8.4.31 Date primitive . 106
8.4.32 Float primitive . 106
8.4.33 String primitive . 106
Bibliography . 107

Figure 1 – Relations between MAS, profile and dataset . 23
Figure 2 – Profile relationships . 24
Figure 3 – Connectivity and solution model . 25
Figure 4 – The European power system with regions . 27
Figure 5 – Information exchange in power flow and sharing of results . 27
Figure 6 – EMS datasets to an external client . 28
Figure 7 – Node-breaker power flow integration architecture . 29
Figure 8 – Bus-branch power flow integration architecture . 29
Figure 9 – Line boundary dataset example . 30
Figure 10 – Substation boundary dataset example . 30
Figure 11 – Merged model . 31
Figure 12 – Alternate boundary modelling . 32
Figure 13 – Merged model alternatives . 32
Figure 14 – Partitioning of a merged model . 33
Figure 15 – Relation between ConnectivityNode and TopologicalNode . 35

– 6 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
Figure 16 – Bus-branch modelling of bus coupler and line transfer . 36
Figure 17 – Class diagram
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SteadyStateHypothesisProfile . 37
Figure 18 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Core. 38
Figure 19 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DC . 39
Figure 20 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::OperationalLimits . 39
Figure 21 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Datatypes . 40
Figure 22 – Class diagram TopologyProfile::TopologyProfile . 81
Figure 23 – Class diagram TopologyProfile::Datatypes . 81
Figure 24 – Class diagram StateVariablesProfile::StateVariablesProfile . 88
Figure 25 – Class diagram StateVariablesProfile::Datatypes . 89

Table 1 – Attributels of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCConverter . 41
Table 2 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 42
Table 3 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCTerminal . 42
Table 4 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ActivePowerLimit . 42
Table 5 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ApparentPowerLimit . 43
Table 6 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AsynchronousMachine . 43
Table 7 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::BatteryUnit . 43
Table 8 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Breaker . 44
Table 9 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ConductingEquipment. 44
Table 10 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ConformLoad . 44
Table 11 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ControlArea . 45
Table 12 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsConverter . 46
Table 13 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CurrentLimit . 46
Table 14 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DCBaseTerminal . 47
Table 15 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DCTerminal . 47
Table 16 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Disconnector . 47
Table 17 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DisconnectingCircuitBreaker . 48
Table 18 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergyConnection . 48
Table 19 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergyConsumer . 49
Table 20 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergySource . 49
Table 21 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Equipment . 50
Table 22 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EquivalentEquipment . 50
Table 23 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EquivalentInjection . 51
Table 24 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ExternalNetworkInjection . 51
Table 25 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Fuse . 52
Table 26 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::GeneratingUnit . 52
Table 27 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::GroundDisconnector . 52
Table 28 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::HydroGeneratingUnit . 53
Table 29 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::IdentifiedObject . 53
Table 30 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Jumper . 53
Table 31 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::LinearShuntCompensator . 54

Table 32 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::LoadBreakSwitch . 54
Table 33 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NonConformLoad . 55
Table 34 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NonlinearShuntCompensator . 55
Table 35 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NuclearGeneratingUnit . 55
Table 36 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::OperationalLimit . 56
Table 37 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChanger . 56
Table 38 – Attributes of
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical . 56
Table 39 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerLinear . 57
Table 40 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerNonLinear . 57
Table 41 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical . 58
Table 42 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerTabular . 58
Table 43 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerElectronicsConnection . 58
Table 44 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerElectronicsUnit . 59
Table 45 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerSystemResource . 59
Table 46 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ProtectedSwitch . 59
Table 47 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RatioTapChanger . 60
Table 48 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RegulatingCondEq . 60
Table 49 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RegulatingControl . 61
Table 50 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RotatingMachine . 62
Table 51 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ShuntCompensator . 62
Table 52 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SolarGeneratingUnit . 63
Table 53 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::StaticVarCompensator . 63
Table 54 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::StationSupply . 64
Table 55 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Switch . 64
Table 56 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SynchronousMachine . 65
Table 57 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::TapChanger . 65
Table 58 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::TapChangerControl . 66
Table 59 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Terminal . 66
Table 60 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ThermalGeneratingUnit . 66
Table 61 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VoltageLimit . 67
Table 62 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsConverter . 67
Table 63 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::WindGeneratingUnit . 68
Table 64 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AsynchronousMachineKind . 68
Table 65 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::BatteryStateKind . 68
Table 66 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsOperatingModeKind . 69
Table 67 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsPpccControlKind . 69
Table 68 – Literals of
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SynchronousMachineOperatingMode . 69
Table 69 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::UnitMultiplier . 70
Table 70 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::UnitSymbol . 71
Table 71 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsPpccControlKind . 76
Table 72 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsQpccControlKind . 77
Table 73 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ActivePower . 77

– 8 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
Table 74 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AngleDegrees . 77
Table 75 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AngleRadians . 78
Table 76 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ApparentPower . 78
Table 77 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CurrentFlow . 78
Table 78 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PerCent . 78
Table 79 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PU . 79
Table 80 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ReactivePower . 79
Table 81 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RealEnergy . 79
Table 82 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Resistance . 80
Table 83 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Voltage . 80
Table 84 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 82
Table 85 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal with other
classes . 82
Table 86 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ACDCTerminal . 82
Table 87 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::ConnectivityNode with other classes . 83
Table 88 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCBaseTerminal . 83
Table 89 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCBaseTerminal with other classes . 83
Table 90 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCNode . 84
Table 91 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCNode with other classes . 84
Table 92 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCTerminal . 84
Table 93 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCTerminal with other classes . 84
Table 94 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCTopologicalNode. 85
Table 95 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCTopologicalNode with other

classes . 85
Table 96 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::IdentifiedObject . 85
Table 97 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::Terminal . 86
Table 98 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::Terminal with other classes . 86
Table 99 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::TopologicalNode . 86
Table 100 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::TopologicalNode with other classes . 87
Table 101 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ReportingGroup . 87
Table 102 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ACDCConverter . 90
Table 103 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ACDCTerminal . 90
Table 104 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::CsConverter . 91
Table 105 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalIsland . 92
Table 106 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalIsland with other
classes . 92
Table 107 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalNode . 92
Table 108 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::IdentifiedObject . 93
Table 109 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvInjection . 93
Table 110 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvInjection with other classes . 93
Table 111 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvPowerFlow . 94
Table 112 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvPowerFlow with other
classes . 94
Table 113 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvShuntCompensatorSections . 94

Table 114 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvShuntCompensatorSections
with other classes . 94
Table 115 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvStatus . 95
Table 116 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvStatus with other classes . 95
Table 117 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvSwitch . 95
Table 118 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvSwitch with other classes. 95
Table 119 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvTapStep . 96
Table 120 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvTapStep with other classes . 96
Table 121 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvVoltage . 96
Table 122 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvVoltage with other classes . 96
Table 123 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::Terminal. 97
Table 124 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::TopologicalIsland . 97
Table 125 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::TopologicalIsland with other

classes . 97
Table 126 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::VsConverter . 98
Table 127 – Literals of StateVariablesProfile::UnitMultiplier . 99
Table 128 – Literals of StateVariablesProfile::UnitSymbol . 100
Table 129 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ActivePower . 105
Table 130 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::AngleDegrees . 105
Table 131 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::CurrentFlow . 105
Table 132 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ReactivePower . 106
Table 133 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::Voltage .
...