IEC 62327:2017

IEC 62327 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Hand-held instruments for the detection
and identification of radionuclides and for the estimation of ambient dose
equivalent rate from photon radiation
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IEC 62327 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Hand-held instruments for the detection

and identification of radionuclides and for the estimation of ambient dose

equivalent rate from photon radiation

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-5182-9

– 2 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols, quantities and units . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 11
3.3 Quantities and units . 12
4 General characteristics and requirements . 12
4.1 General . 12
4.2 Radiation detectors . 12
4.3 Personal protection alarm . 12
4.3.1 Requirements . 12
4.3.2 Method of test. 12
4.4 Stabilization time . 13
4.4.1 Requirements . 13
4.4.2 Method of test. 13
4.5 Power supplies – battery . 13
4.5.1 Requirements . 13
4.5.2 Method of test. 13
4.6 Markings . 14
4.7 Communication interface. 14
4.7.1 Requirements . 14
4.7.2 Method of test. 14
4.8 Data . 14
4.8.1 Requirements . 14
4.8.2 Method of test. 15
5 General test procedures . 15
5.1 Nature of test . 15
5.2 Statistical fluctuations . 15
5.3 Standard test conditions . 15
5.4 Functionality test . 16
5.4.1 General . 16
5.4.2 Pre-test measurements . 16
5.4.3 Intermediate measurements. 16
5.4.4 Post-test measurements . 16
6 Radiation detection requirements . 17
6.1 Ambient dose equivalent rate . 17
6.1.1 Requirements . 17
6.1.2 Method of test. 17
6.2 Gamma source localization . 17
6.2.1 Requirements . 17
6.2.2 Method of test. 17
6.3 Over-range characteristics for ambient dose equivalent rate . 18
6.3.1 Requirements . 18
6.3.2 Method of test. 18

6.4 Neutron detection . 18
6.4.1 Requirements . 18
6.4.2 Method of test. 19
6.5 Neutron indication in the presence of photons . 19
6.5.1 Requirements . 19
6.5.2 Method of test. 19
6.6 Radionuclide identification . 20
6.6.1 Radionuclide identification library . 20
6.6.2 Identification results . 20
6.6.3 Radionuclide and radioactive material identification . 21
6.6.4 Identification of mixed radioactive materials . 22
7 Environmental requirements . 23
7.1 General . 23
7.2 Ambient temperature. 23
7.2.1 Requirements . 23
7.2.2 Method of test. 23
7.3 Temperature shock . 23
7.3.1 Requirements . 23
7.3.2 Method of test. 24
7.4 Relative humidity . 24
7.4.1 Requirements . 24
7.4.2 Method of test. 24
7.5 Low/high temperature start-up . 24
7.5.1 Requirements . 24
7.5.2 Method of test. 25
7.6 Moisture and dust protection . 25
7.6.1 Requirements . 25
7.6.2 Method of test – dust . 25
7.6.3 Method of test – moisture . 25
8 Mechanical requirements . 26
8.1 General . 26
8.2 Vibration . 26
8.2.1 Requirements . 26
8.2.2 Method of test. 26
8.3 Mechanical shock . 26
8.3.1 Requirements . 26
8.3.2 Method of test. 26
8.4 Impact (microphonics) . 26
8.4.1 Requirements . 26
8.4.2 Method of test. 27
9 Electromagnetic requirements . 27
9.1 General . 27
9.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . 27
9.2.1 Requirements . 27
9.2.2 Method of test. 27
9.3 Radio Frequency (RF) . 27
9.3.1 Requirements . 27
9.3.2 Method of test. 27
9.4 Radiated RF emissions . 28

– 4 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
9.4.1 Requirements . 28
9.4.2 Method of test. 28
9.5 Conducted disturbances. 28
9.5.1 Requirements . 28
9.5.2 Method of test. 29
9.6 Magnetic fields . 29
9.6.1 Requirements . 29
9.6.2 Method of test. 29
10 Documentation . 29
10.1 Operation and maintenance manual . 29
10.2 Test certificate . 30
10.3 Declaration of conformity . 30
Bibliography . 33

Table 1 – IEC standards concerning instruments for the detection of illicit trafficking of
radioactive material . 7
Table 2 – Standard test conditions . 15
Table 3 – Test result analysis . 17
Table 4 – Radionuclide library . 20
Table 5 – Guidance regarding identification performance . 22
Table 6 – List of likely daughters and possible impurities . 22
Table 7 – Emission frequency limits . 28
Table 8 – Summary of performance requirements . 31

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
HAND-HELD INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
OF RADIONUCLIDES AND FOR THE ESTIMATION OF AMBIENT DOSE
EQUIVALENT RATE FROM PHOTON RADIATION

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62327 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation
protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 62327, issued in 2006. It
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) addition of detailed methods of test;
b) revised identification test acceptance criteria for environmental tests;
c) changed format to match SC 45B template.

– 6 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45B/882/FDIS 45B/887/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

INTRODUCTION
Illicit and inadvertent movement of radioactive materials in the form of radiation sources and
contaminated metallurgical scrap has become a problem of increasing importance.
Radioactive sources out of regulatory control, so-called “orphan sources”, have frequently
caused serious radiation exposures and widespread contamination. Although illicit trafficking
in nuclear and other radioactive materials is not a new phenomenon, concern about a nuclear
“black market” has increased in the last few years particularly in view of its terrorist potential.
In response to the technical policy of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the
World Customs Organization (WCO) and the International Criminal Police Organization
(Interpol) related to the detection and identification of special nuclear materials and security
trends, nuclear instrumentation companies are developing and manufacturing radiation
instrumentation to assist in the detection of illicit movement of radioactive and special nuclear
materials. This type of instrumentation is widely used for security purposes at nuclear
facilities, border control checkpoints, and international seaports and airports. However, to
ensure that measurement results made at different locations are consistent, it is imperative
that radiation instrumentation be designed to rigorous specifications based upon agreed
performance requirements stated in this document. IEC standards have also been developed
to address personal radiation detectors, radiation portal monitors, highly sensitive gamma and
neutron detection systems, spectrometric personal radiation detectors, and backpack-based
radiation detection and identification systems. Table 1 below contains a list of those
standards.
Table 1 – IEC standards concerning instruments for the detection
of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Type of IEC
Title of the standard
instrumentation number
Radiation protection instrumentation – Alarming Personal Radiation Devices
(PRDs) for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectroscopy-Based Alarming Personal
Body-worn 62618
Radiation Devices (SPRD) for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Backpack-type radiation detector (BRD) for
detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Hand-held instruments for the detection and
62327 identification of radionuclides and for the estimation of ambient dose equivalent
rate from photon radiation
Portable or
Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand-held instruments for
hand-held 62533
photon detection of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand-held instruments for
neutron detection of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Installed radiation portal monitors (RPMs)
for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive and nuclear materials
Portal
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectroscopy-based portal monitors used
for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Data format for radiation instruments used
Data format 62755
in the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials

– 8 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
HAND-HELD INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
OF RADIONUCLIDES AND FOR THE ESTIMATION OF AMBIENT DOSE
EQUIVALENT RATE FROM PHOTON RADIATION

1 Scope
This document applies to hand-held instruments used to detect and identify radionuclides and
radioactive material, to estimate ambient dose equivalent rate from photon radiation, and
optionally, to detect neutron radiation. They are commonly known as radionuclide
identification devices or RIDs.
This document specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation
characteristics, as well as electrical, mechanical, safety, and environmental characteristics.
This document does not cover laboratory type, high-resolution photon spectrometers, or
instruments covered by IEC 60846-1 (Portable workplace and environmental meters and
monitors), IEC 60846-2 (photon dose (rate) meters) or IEC 61005 (neutron dose equivalent
(rate) meters).
Table 8 provides a summary of requirements and relevant clauses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-395:2014, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 395: Nuclear
instrumentation: physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and
detectors
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-11, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2 -11: Tests – Test Ka: Salt
mist
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-18, Environmental testing – Part 2-18: Tests – Test R and guidance: Water
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance:
Shock
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance
IEC 60068-2-66, Environmental testing – Part 2-66: Test methods – Test Cx: Damp heat,
steady state (unsaturated pressurized vapour)

IEC 60068-2-68, Environmental testing – Part 2-68: Tests – Test L: Dust and sand
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60846-1, Radiation protection instrumentation – Ambient and/or directional dose
equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation – Part 1: Portable
workplace and environmental meters and monitors
IEC 60846-2, Radiation protection instrumentation – Ambient and/or directional dose
equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation – Part 2: High range
beta and photon dose and dose rate portable instruments for emergency radiation protection
purposes
IEC 61000-4-2:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and
measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-3:2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and
measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-3:2006/AMD1:2007
IEC 61000-4-3:2006/AMD2:2010
IEC 61000-4-6:2013, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and
measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency
fields
IEC 61000-4-8:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-8: Testing and
measurement techniques – Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61005, Radiation protection instrumentation – Neutron ambient dose equivalent (rate)
meters
IEC 61187, Electrical and electronic measuring equipment – Documentation
IEC 62706, Radiation protection instrumentation – Environmental, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements
IEC 62755, Radiation protection instrumentation – Data format for radiation instruments used
in the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols, quantities and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given
in IEC 60050-395 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
acceptance test
contractual test to prove to the customer that a device meets certain conditions of its
specification
– 10 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
3.1.2
alarm
audible, visual, or other signal activated when the reading exceeds a pre-set value or falls
outside a pre-set range
3.1.3
ambient dose equivalent (rate)
dose equivalent (rate) at a point in a radiation field, produced by the corresponding aligned
and expanded field, in the ICRU sphere at a depth d, on the radius opposing the direction of
the aligned field
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not include the notes that are part of definition IEC 60050-395:2014,
395-05-43.
3.1.4
background
radiation field in which there are no external sources present other than those in the natural
radiation field at the location of the measurements
3.1.5
coefficient of variation
ratio of the standard deviation s to the arithmetic mean of a set of n measurements x given
i
by the following formula:
3.1.6
confidence indicator
typically a numeric value assigned to a radionuclide identification result as to whether the
identified radionuclide is present
3.1.7
conventionally true value
best estimate of the true value of a radiation field or source used for testing or calibration of
equipment
3.1.8
error of indication
difference between the indicated value ν of a quantity and the conventionally true value, CTV,
of that quantity at the point of measurement
3.1.9
integration time
length of time used for collection of data to obtain a result
3.1.10
reference point
location marked on the instrument or described in the manual, used to establish radiation
source-to-instrument distances and orientation for calibration or test purposes
3.1.11
relative intrinsic error
ε
REL
difference between the instrument’s reading, M, and the conventionally true value, CTV, of the
quantity being measured divided by the conventionally true value when subjected to a
specified reference quantity under specified reference conditions as given by the formula:

M− CTV
ε =
REL
CTV
3.1.12
restricted mode
operating mode used to access spectral data and to control the parameters that can affect the
result of a measurement (for example: radionuclide library, routine function control, calibration
parameters, alarm thresholds, etc.)
Note 1 to entry: May also be called expert mode.
Note 2 to entry: Access to this mode should be limited through password protection or other similar methods.
3.1.13
routine mode
operating mode that includes detection and identification of radionuclides, and estimation of
the ambient dose equivalent rate
Note 1 to entry: May also be called easy mode.
3.1.14
stabilization time
duration, measured from the initial application of power, required for an instrument to indicate
that it is operational
3.1.15
type test
conformity test on one or more specimens of a product representative of the production
3.1.16
uncertainty
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these
components may be evaluated from statistical distribution of the results of series of measurements and can be
characterized by experimental standard deviations. The other components, which can also be characterized by
experimental standard deviations, are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or
other information.
Note 2 to entry: It is understood that the result of the measurement is the best estimate of the value of the
measurand and that all components of uncertainty, including those arising from systematic effects, such as
components associated with corrections and reference standards, contribute to the dispersion.
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols
COV coefficient of variation
ESD electrostatic discharge
DU depleted uranium
HEU highly enriched uranium
ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units
lx lux
NORM naturally occurring radioactive material
RF radio frequency
RGPu reactor grade plutonium
RH relative humidity
RID radionuclide identification device
WGPu weapons grade plutonium
– 12 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
3.3 Quantities and units
In this document, units of the International System (SI) are used . The definitions of radiation
quantities are given in IEC 60050-395.
The following units may also be used:
–19
– for energy: electron-volt (symbol: eV), 1 eV = 1,602 x 10 J;
– for time: years (symbol: y), days (symbol: d), hours (symbol: h), minutes (symbol: min);
– for temperature: degrees Celsius (symbol: ºC), 0 ºC = 273,15 K.
Multiples and submultiples of SI units will be used, when practicable, according to the SI
system.
4 General characteristics and requirements
4.1 General
RIDs are used for the detection, localization, and identification of radioactive material and for
estimation of the ambient dose equivalent rate. They are hand-held, battery-powered
instruments most commonly used for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of
radioactive material. They typically measure the photon energy spectrum and identify the
radionuclide by comparison with an internal radionuclide library. RIDs may also detect
neutrons.
The following are important design features:
– a display that is readable in low light (< 150 lx) and bright light (> 10 000 lx) conditions,
– user friendly controls, a menu structure that is simple and easy to follow, restricted access
to critical operating parameters, and switches and other controls that minimize or prevent
inadvertent operation.
NOTE During the development of this document, a desire for a RID to provide a simple user display for
identification results was noted. The display discussed would provide identification results in the form of, for
example, a green or red display to indicate that the radionuclide(s) identified was either not of interest or of
possible interest, respectively. At the time of this revision, no specific functional requirements had been
established. Requirements for the capability may be part of future revisions of this document.
4.2 Radiation detectors
RIDs may use multiple detectors to detect gamma radiation, identify radionuclides, and detect
neutrons.
4.3 Personal protection alarm
4.3.1 Requirements
An alarm shall be provided to alert the user that the ambient gamma dose equivalent rate is
above a threshold level. The alarm threshold shall be adjustable through the restricted mode.
The alarm shall be both audible and visual with an "acknowledge" or other similar control to
silence the audible function. It shall not be possible to deactivate both audible and visual
indicators at the same time.
4.3.2 Method of test
a) Following the instructions provided by the manufacturer, set the personal protection alarm
–1
to activate at for example, 10 µSv h .
___________
th
International Bureau of Weights and Measures: The International System of Units, 8 edition, 2006.

b) Expose the RID to a gamma source that provides an ambient dose equivalent rate reading
30 % above the alarm setting and verify the RID alarms.
c) While exposed to the radiation field, verify the alarm can be acknowledged. Access the
RID menu to verify that it is not possible to disable both the audible and visual alarm
indications simultaneously.
4.4 Stabilization time
4.4.1 Requirements
The manufacturer shall state the time required for the RID to become fully functional, i.e., to
provide an indication of the ambient dose equivalent rate, be able to perform an identification,
and detect neutrons, if applicable. The maximum time shall be less than 5 min from shutdown
state or stand-by status (e.g., mechanically cooled detectors).
4.4.2 Method of test
Immediately after the manufacturer-stated stabilization time or within 5 min from switching the
RID on either from shutdown state or stand-by status, expose the RID to Cs producing an
–1
ambient dose equivalent rate of 0,5 µSv h (± 30 %) above the background at the reference
point of the RID and perform an identification. If the RID can detect neutrons, expose the RID
to a neutron source moderated by high density polyethylene having a wall thickness of 4 cm.
The requirement is met if the RID is operational within 5 min of power-on as determined by
providing an indication of the ambient dose equivalent rate, being able to perform an
identification, and indicating the presence of neutrons, if neutron detection is provided.
4.5 Power supplies – battery
4.5.1 Requirements
The RID shall provide a visible indication of the battery condition, shall be able to detect and
identify radionuclides, indicate ambient dose equivalent rate, and indicate the presence of
neutrons (when applicable) for a minimum of 5 h under standard test conditions without
indicating a low battery condition. The manufacturer shall also state the estimated operating
time using the recommended battery(s) at standard test conditions as defined in Table 2 and
at –20 °C.
NOTE When operated at low temperatures, the capacity of most types of batteries significantly decreases.
4.5.2 Method of test
Following the manual, verify that the manufacturer provided the expected continuous
operating time using the recommended batteries at standard test temperature conditions and
at –20 °C, and that the display includes a battery status indication.
Ensure the batteries are new or that rechargeable batteries are fully charged and after
allowing the RID to stabilize in standard test conditions, perform a radionuclide identification
using Cs, and if applicable, expose the RID to a moderated neutron source as defined in
4.4.2. Record the results, including the indicated ambient dose equivalent rate with the source
present and the neutron count rate, if provided. Repeat the process each hour for a total of
5 h. At the end of the 5 h period, perform another radionuclide identification and neutron
response test, if applicable, with the same sources in the same position, and verify that the
low battery indicator is not displayed.
The requirement is met when a low battery condition is not displayed and the RID is able to
perform an identification with the same results, indicate the ambient dose equivalent rate with
the source present within ± 30 % of the initial value, and if applicable, indicate the presence
of neutrons. If a neutron count rate was provided, the count rate shall be within ± 30 % of the
initial value.
– 14 – IEC 62327:2017 © IEC 2017
4.6 Markings
All external controls, displays, and adjustments shall be identified according to their function.
The following markings shall appear on the exterior of the RID or each major assembly (for
example, detector probes) as appropriate:
– manufacturer and model number,
– serial number,
– location of the reference point(s), and
– function designation for controls, switches, and adjustments.
Markings shall be easily readable and permanently fixed under normal conditions of use
including use of decontamination procedures (e.g., water and mild non-abrasive detergent).
4.7 Communication interface
4.7.1 Requirements
RIDs shall have the ability to transfer data to an external device, such as a computer. The
transfer interface shall be fully described in the manual and should use a communications port
that meets the requirements of Ethernet, USB, wireless, or other electronic means such as a
removable media device. Consideration should be given to data security when using wireless
data transfer techniques. The naming convention used for each file shall be defined in the
manual.
4.7.2 Method of test
Following the manual, perform an identification and transfer the identification results to verify
the RID can transfer data to an external device and that the transfer interface is described in
the manual including the naming convention used for each file.
4.8 Data
4.8.1 Requirements
The RID shall have the ability to internally store at least 10 complete identification data files.
Files produced as a data record for analysis should be in the format as specified by
IEC 62755 and shall contain the following information as a minimum:
– RID manufacturer name, model, and serial number
– software and firmware version numbers
– gamma detector kind (e.g., NaI, LaBr, CZT, HPGe)
– date and time of measurement
– measured gamma-ray radiation level (e.g., ambient dose equivalent rate)
– background spectrum
– live time and real time for background spectrum
– measured spectrum
– live time and real time for measured spectrum
– energy calibration for the background and measured spectrum
– radionuclide identification results
– confidence indicator for radionuclide identification
If the RID has neutron detection capabilities, the data file shall include the following
information:
He, Li-glass)
...